Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over $\mathbb{Q}$, and let ${\it\varrho}_{\flat }$ and ${\it\varrho}_{\sharp }$ be odd two-dimensional Artin representations for which ${\it\varrho}_{\flat }\otimes {\it\varrho}_{\sharp }$ is self-dual. The progress on modularity achieved in recent decades ensures the existence of normalized eigenforms $f$, $g$, and $h$ of respective weights two, one, and one, giving rise to $E$, ${\it\varrho}_{\flat }$, and ${\it\varrho}_{\sharp }$ via the constructions of Eichler and Shimura, and of Deligne and Serre. This article examines certain $p$-adic iterated integrals attached to the triple $(f,g,h)$, which are $p$-adic avatars of the leading term of the Hasse–Weil–Artin $L$-series $L(E,{\it\varrho}_{\flat }\otimes {\it\varrho}_{\sharp },s)$ when it has a double zero at the centre. A formula is proposed for these iterated integrals, involving the formal group logarithms of global points on $E$—referred to as Stark points—which are defined over the number field cut out by ${\it\varrho}_{\flat }\otimes {\it\varrho}_{\sharp }$. This formula can be viewed as an elliptic curve analogue of Stark’s conjecture on units attached to weight-one forms. It is proved when $g$ and $h$ are binary theta series attached to a common imaginary quadratic field in which $p$ splits, by relating the arithmetic quantities that arise in it to elliptic units and Heegner points. Fast algorithms for computing $p$-adic iterated integrals based on Katz expansions of overconvergent modular forms are then exploited to gather numerical evidence in more exotic scenarios, encompassing Mordell–Weil groups over cyclotomic fields, ring class fields of real quadratic fields (a setting which may shed light on the theory of Stark–Heegner points attached to Shintani-type cycles on ${\mathcal{H}}_{p}\times {\mathcal{H}}$), and extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$ with Galois group a central extension of the dihedral group $D_{2n}$ or of one of the exceptional subgroups $A_{4}$, $S_{4}$, and $A_{5}$ of $\mathbf{PGL}_{2}(\mathbb{C})$.

The (real) Grothendieck constant ${K}_{G} $ is the infimum over those $K\in (0, \infty )$ such that for every $m, n\in \mathbb{N} $ and every $m\times n$ real matrix $({a}_{ij} )$ we have

$$\begin{eqnarray*}\displaystyle \max _{\{ x_{i}\} _{i= 1}^{m} , \{ {y}_{j} \} _{j= 1}^{n} \subseteq {S}^{n+ m- 1} }\sum _{i= 1}^{m} \sum _{j= 1}^{n} {a}_{ij} \langle {x}_{i} , {y}_{j} \rangle \leqslant K\max _{\{ \varepsilon _{i}\} _{i= 1}^{m} , \{ {\delta }_{j} \} _{j= 1}^{n} \subseteq \{ - 1, 1\} }\sum _{i= 1}^{m} \sum _{j= 1}^{n} {a}_{ij} {\varepsilon }_{i} {\delta }_{j} . &&\displaystyle\end{eqnarray*}$$

$K\in (0, \infty )$

$m, n$

$({a}_{ij} )$

${K}_{G} $

${K}_{G} \leqslant \pi / 2\log (1+ \sqrt{2} )$

$({a}_{ij} )$

$m, n\rightarrow \infty $

${K}_{G} $

$({a}_{ij} )$

${K}_{G} \lt \pi / 2\log (1+ \sqrt{2} )- {\varepsilon }_{0} $

${\varepsilon }_{0} \gt 0$

${ \mathbb{R} }^{2} $

$\{ - 1, 1\} $

Let $p>2$ be prime. We use purely local methods to determine the possible reductions of certain two-dimensional crystalline representations, which we call pseudo-Barsotti–Tate representations, over arbitrary finite extensions of $\mathbb{Q}_{p}$. As a consequence, we establish (under the usual Taylor–Wiles hypothesis) the weight part of Serre’s conjecture for $\text{GL}(2)$ over arbitrary totally real fields.

We study the problem of determining, for a polynomial function $f$ on a vector space $V$, the linear transformations $g$ of $V$ such that $f\circ g=f$. When $f$ is invariant under a simple algebraic group $G$ acting irreducibly on $V$, we note that the subgroup of $\text{GL}(V)$ stabilizing $f$ often has identity component $G$, and we give applications realizing various groups, including the largest exceptional group $E_{8}$, as automorphism groups of polynomials and algebras. We show that, starting with a simple group $G$ and an irreducible representation $V$, one can almost always find an $f$ whose stabilizer has identity component $G$, and that no such $f$ exists in the short list of excluded cases. This relies on our core technical result, the enumeration of inclusions $G<H\leqslant \text{SL}(V)$ such that $V/H$ has the same dimension as $V/G$. The main results of this paper are new even in the special case where $k$ is the complex numbers.

We prove that the $\infty $-category of $\mathrm{MGL} $-modules over any scheme is equivalent to the $\infty $-category of motivic spectra with finite syntomic transfers. Using the recognition principle for infinite $\mathbf{P} ^1$-loop spaces, we deduce that very effective $\mathrm{MGL} $-modules over a perfect field are equivalent to grouplike motivic spaces with finite syntomic transfers.

Along the way, we describe any motivic Thom spectrum built from virtual vector bundles of nonnegative rank in terms of the moduli stack of finite quasi-smooth derived schemes with the corresponding tangential structure. In particular, over a regular equicharacteristic base, we show that $\Omega ^\infty _{\mathbf{P} ^1}\mathrm{MGL} $ is the $\mathbf{A} ^1$-homotopy type of the moduli stack of virtual finite flat local complete intersections, and that for $n>0$, $\Omega ^\infty _{\mathbf{P} ^1} \Sigma ^n_{\mathbf{P} ^1} \mathrm{MGL} $ is the $\mathbf{A} ^1$-homotopy type of the moduli stack of finite quasi-smooth derived schemes of virtual dimension $-n$.

We prove the KKV conjecture expressing Gromov–Witten invariants of $K3$ surfaces in terms of modular forms. Our results apply in every genus and for every curve class. The proof uses the Gromov–Witten/Pairs correspondence for $K3$ -fibered hypersurfaces of dimension 3 to reduce the KKV conjecture to statements about stable pairs on (thickenings of) $K3$ surfaces. Using degeneration arguments and new multiple cover results for stable pairs, we reduce the KKV conjecture further to the known primitive cases. Our results yield a new proof of the full Yau–Zaslow formula, establish new Gromov–Witten multiple cover formulas, and express the fiberwise Gromov–Witten partition functions of $K3$ -fibered 3-folds in terms of explicit modular forms.

The author would like to make some changes to the previously published article [1] by correcting two definitions.

We give an alternate proof of Wise’s malnormal special quotient theorem (MSQT), avoiding cubical small cancelation theory. We also show how to deduce Wise’s Quasiconvex Hierarchy Theorem from the MSQT and theorems of Hsu and Wise and Haglund and Wise.

We prove that proper coloring distinguishes between block factors and finitely dependent stationary processes. A stochastic process is finitely dependent if variables at sufficiently well-separated locations are independent; it is a block factor if it can be expressed as an equivariant finite-range function of independent variables. The problem of finding non-block-factor finitely dependent processes dates back to 1965. The first published example appeared in 1993, and we provide arguably the first natural examples. Schramm proved in 2008 that no stationary 1-dependent 3-coloring of the integers exists, and asked whether a $k$ -dependent $q$ -coloring exists for any $k$ and $q$ . We give a complete answer by constructing a 1-dependent 4-coloring and a 2-dependent 3-coloring. Our construction is canonical and natural, yet very different from all previous schemes. In its pure form it yields precisely the two finitely dependent colorings mentioned above, and no others. The processes provide unexpected connections between extremal cases of the Lovász local lemma and descent and peak sets of random permutations. Neither coloring can be expressed as a block factor, nor as a function of a finite-state Markov chain; indeed, no stationary finitely dependent coloring can be so expressed. We deduce extensions involving $d$ dimensions and shifts of finite type; in fact, any nondegenerate shift of finite type also distinguishes between block factors and finitely dependent processes.

We prove modularity of formal series of Jacobi forms that satisfy a natural symmetry condition. They are formal analogs of Fourier–Jacobi expansions of Siegel modular forms. From our result and a theorem of Wei Zhang, we deduce Kudla’s conjecture on the modularity of generating series of special cycles of arbitrary codimension and for all orthogonal Shimura varieties.

We prove an analog of the Yomdin–Gromov lemma for $p$-adic definable sets and more broadly in a non-Archimedean definable context. This analog keeps track of piecewise approximation by Taylor polynomials, a nontrivial aspect in the totally disconnected case. We apply this result to bound the number of rational points of bounded height on the transcendental part of $p$-adic subanalytic sets, and to bound the dimension of the set of complex polynomials of bounded degree lying on an algebraic variety defined over $\mathbb{C}(\!(t)\!)$, in analogy to results by Pila and Wilkie, and by Bombieri and Pila, respectively. Along the way we prove, for definable functions in a general context of non-Archimedean geometry, that local Lipschitz continuity implies piecewise global Lipschitz continuity.

We study the locally analytic vectors in the completed cohomology of modular curves and determine the eigenvectors of a rational Borel subalgebra of $\mathfrak {gl}_2(\mathbb {Q}_p)$ . As applications, we prove a classicality result for overconvergent eigenforms of weight 1 and give a new proof of the Fontaine–Mazur conjecture in the irregular case under some mild hypotheses. For an overconvergent eigenform of weight k, we show its corresponding Galois representation has Hodge–Tate–Sen weights $0,k-1$ and prove a converse result.

We prove a higher genus version of the genus $0$ local-relative correspondence of van Garrel-Graber-Ruddat: for $(X,D)$ a pair with X a smooth projective variety and D a nef smooth divisor, maximal contact Gromov-Witten theory of $(X,D)$ with $\lambda _g$-insertion is related to Gromov-Witten theory of the total space of ${\mathcal O}_X(-D)$ and local Gromov-Witten theory of D.

Specializing to $(X,D)=(S,E)$ for S a del Pezzo surface or a rational elliptic surface and E a smooth anticanonical divisor, we show that maximal contact Gromov-Witten theory of $(S,E)$ is determined by the Gromov-Witten theory of the Calabi-Yau 3-fold ${\mathcal O}_S(-E)$ and the stationary Gromov-Witten theory of the elliptic curve E.

Specializing further to $S={\mathbb P}^2$, we prove that higher genus generating series of maximal contact Gromov-Witten invariants of $({\mathbb P}^2,E)$ are quasimodular and satisfy a holomorphic anomaly equation. The proof combines the quasimodularity results and the holomorphic anomaly equations previously known for local ${\mathbb P}^2$ and the elliptic curve.

Furthermore, using the connection between maximal contact Gromov-Witten invariants of $({\mathbb P}^2,E)$ and Betti numbers of moduli spaces of semistable one-dimensional sheaves on ${\mathbb P}^2$, we obtain a proof of the quasimodularity and holomorphic anomaly equation predicted in the physics literature for the refined topological string free energy of local ${\mathbb P}^2$ in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit.

For each $t\in \mathbb{R}$, we define the entire function

$$\begin{eqnarray}H_{t}(z):=\int _{0}^{\infty }e^{tu^{2}}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}(u)\cos (zu)\,du,\end{eqnarray}$$

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$

$$\begin{eqnarray}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}(u):=\mathop{\sum }_{n=1}^{\infty }(2\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{2}n^{4}e^{9u}-3\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}n^{2}e^{5u})\exp (-\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}n^{2}e^{4u}).\end{eqnarray}$$

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$

$H_{t}$

$t\geqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}\leqslant 0$

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}\geqslant 0$

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}<0$

$H_{t}$

$H_{t}$

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}<t\leqslant 0$

$H_{0}$

We completely describe the algebraic part of the rational cohomology of the Torelli groups of the manifolds $\#^{g}S^{n}\times S^{n}$ relative to a disc in a stable range, for $2n\geqslant 6$. Our calculation is also valid for $2n=2$ assuming that the rational cohomology groups of these Torelli groups are finite-dimensional in a stable range.

We obtain a generalisation of the Stroock–Varadhan support theorem for a large class of systems of subcritical singular stochastic partial differential equations driven by a noise that is either white or approximately self-similar. The main problem that we face is the presence of renormalisation. In particular, it may happen in general that different renormalisation procedures yield solutions with different supports. One of the main steps in our construction is the identification of a subgroup $\mathcal {H}$ of the renormalisation group such that any renormalisation procedure determines a unique coset $g\circ \mathcal {H}$ . The support of the solution then depends only on this coset and is obtained by taking the closure of all solutions obtained by replacing the driving noises by smooth functions in the equation that is renormalised by some element of $g\circ \mathcal {H}$ .

One immediate corollary of our results is that the $\Phi ^4_3$ measure in finite volume has full support, and the associated Langevin dynamic is exponentially ergodic.

Let $K=\mathbb{Q}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D714})$ with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}$ the root of a degree $n$ monic irreducible polynomial $f\in \mathbb{Z}[X]$. We show that the degree $n$ polynomial $N(\sum _{i=1}^{n-k}x_{i}\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}^{i-1})$ in $n-k$ variables takes the expected asymptotic number of prime values if $n\geqslant 4k$. In the special case $K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[n]{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}})$, we show that $N(\sum _{i=1}^{n-k}x_{i}\sqrt[n]{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{i-1}})$ takes infinitely many prime values, provided $n\geqslant 22k/7$.

Our proof relies on using suitable ‘Type I’ and ‘Type II’ estimates in Harman’s sieve, which are established in a similar overall manner to the previous work of Friedlander and Iwaniec on prime values of $X^{2}+Y^{4}$ and of Heath-Brown on $X^{3}+2Y^{3}$. Our proof ultimately relies on employing explicit elementary estimates from the geometry of numbers and algebraic geometry to control the number of highly skewed lattices appearing in our final estimates.

We address a unification of the Schubert calculus problems solved by Buch [A Littlewood–Richardson rule for the $K$-theory of Grassmannians, Acta Math. 189 (2002), 37–78] and Knutson and Tao [Puzzles and (equivariant) cohomology of Grassmannians, Duke Math. J.119(2) (2003), 221–260]. That is, we prove a combinatorial rule for the structure coefficients in the torus-equivariant $K$-theory of Grassmannians with respect to the basis of Schubert structure sheaves. This rule is positive in the sense of Anderson et al. [Positivity and Kleiman transversality in equivariant $K$-theory of homogeneous spaces, J. Eur. Math. Soc.13 (2011), 57–84] and in a stronger form. Our work is based on the combinatorics of genomic tableaux and a generalization of Schützenberger’s [Combinatoire et représentation du groupe symétrique, in Actes Table Ronde CNRS, Univ. Louis-Pasteur Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 1976, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 579 (Springer, Berlin, 1977), 59–113] jeu de taquin. Using our rule, we deduce the two other combinatorial rules for these coefficients. The first is a conjecture of Thomas and Yong [Equivariant Schubert calculus and jeu de taquin, Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) (2013), to appear]. The second (found in a sequel to this paper) is a puzzle rule, resolving a conjecture of Knutson and Vakil from 2005.

We consider symmetry-protected topological phases with on-site finite group G symmetry $\beta $ for two-dimensional quantum spin systems. We show that they have $H^{3}(G,{\mathbb T})$-valued invariant.

In this article, we improve our main results from [LL21] in two directions: First, we allow ramified places in the CM extension $E/F$ at which we consider representations that are spherical with respect to a certain special maximal compact subgroup, by formulating and proving an analogue of the Kudla–Rapoport conjecture for exotic smooth Rapoport–Zink spaces. Second, we lift the restriction on the components at split places of the automorphic representation, by proving a more general vanishing result on certain cohomology of integral models of unitary Shimura varieties with Drinfeld level structures.