Icerya (Crypticerya) Hempeli, n. sp.,—♀. Exposed on bark, subglobose, much like a very large I. rosoe. Length 8, breadth 7½, height 5⅛ mm.; dark slate-gray, with a thin but rather dense coating of cream-coloured mealy secretion. Subdorsal areas marked by a longitudinal series of small round spots free from secretion. Legs piceous or dark brown.

The apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeG., has long been a problem in British Columbia orchards (13), but has become particularly serious in the last few years (14, 15). Infestations are common on both bearing and young trees. Aphids occur especially at the terminal parts of new growth, suckers and sprouts. They reproduce extremely rapidly and large numbers cause curling and deformatinn of leaves. Further, this distortion of the leaves then protects the aphid colonies from spray application to some extent, and in clumps of such leaves, unharmed survivors are often found after the most thorough spraying. However, even where efficient spray application has been made before the leaf-curling stage has been reached, reinfestation and recolonization, presumably from outside sources, is a common occurrence. A search for “persistent” aphicides, that would at the same time give control of other common orchard pests such as codling moth, has been in progress at this laboratory for some years and in particular, Diazinon (15), Trithion (14), and Sevin (6) have been studied.

Pseudencyrtus borealis and Tetrastichus cecidivorus n. spp. are described as parasites of Paradiplosis tumifex Gagné. Both were reared from balsam fir needle galls in late summer and fall.

Plusiotis prototelica sp.nov. from Baja Verapaz, Guatemala, is described and illustrated. A key to the prasina species group of Plusiotis, including the new species, is presented. Characters of P. prototelica that could allow it to be placed in the genus Chrysina Kirby are mentioned.

Wheat, Triticum aestivum Linnaeus (Poaceae), and canola, Brassica napus Linnaeus (Brassicaceae), yield is at risk from insects, weeds, and pathogens. Insects must adapt to both seasonal and annual weather patterns and are known to respond to climate with changes in their distribution and relative abundance. Subsequently, risk to crop production also changes. Models that account for multiple species can serve to assess risk and address those risks proactively by monitoring, detecting, and managing insect pests. Bioclimatic models, developed individually for nine insect pests, were used to create a model to estimate risk to canola and wheat crops associated with the activity of multiple pest species. Once developed, the multiple-species model was used to analyse how crop risk responds to variation in temperature and precipitation across the prairies. For this analysis, we compared insect response and subsequent risk (a measure of the number of co-occurring pest species) to canola and wheat in current climate conditions and six incremental scenarios (warmer, cooler, drier, wetter, cooler and wetter, and warmer and drier). Results of the multiple-species model predict how pest complexes respond to climate conditions. The model will help increase risk awareness associated with insect pests.

Conophthorus lambertianae broods within cones in sunny places on the ground can be killed by high temperatures. This conclusion is supported by experimental evidence from four sources: (1) mortality of broods in cones placed in the sun; (2) mortality of cone beetles exposed to high temperatures in the laboratory; (3) measurements of internal cone temperatures occurring in nature; and (4) consideration of some factors that influence internal cone temperatures.

The phenological behaviours of temperate insects can be highly controlled by photoperiod. Some foundational studies of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), documented a diurnal emergence rhythm that was asynchronous with maximum daily temperatures in the field and persisted under constant temperature and light conditions. In the 1970s, researchers hypothesised that this emergence rhythm was regulated by an endogenous circadian mechanism. Reflecting upon these historical data, we consider that a diurnal pattern of D. ponderosae emergence may result from photoperiodic entrainment of the circadian clock during the immature stages. Mechanistically, we suggest that the long-wavelength-sensitive opsin that we previously found to be expressed across D. ponderosae life stages could mediate, from beneath the bark, the input of light–dark cycle cues that are usually required for entrainment of the insect circadian clock.

Ninety-nine primary types of mostly North American Crambinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) which are, or were supposed to be, in the collections of the Natural History Museum (NHM), London, are listed. For the 87 types that were located in the NHM, the sex and information on each label are given. Thirty-eight lectotypes are designated. Fissicrambus hospition Bleszynski is moved to Loxocrambus.

The sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte), infests wild and cultivated sunflowers in Colorado, Texas, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota (Schulz 1978; Charlet 1983). It was first observed in Saskatchewan in a sunflower test plot near Carnduff, in August 1984 (unpublished data). Its abundance and distribution in the major Saskatchewan sunflower growing area, in the Carnduff, Estevan, and Weyburn areas, had not previously been studied.

In the May number of The Century, Vol. L., No. 1, p. 89, 1895, there is recorded an item of interest to economic entomologists that is liable to be overlooked and lost, although it deserves a better fate. In an article by Mr. William E. Smythe, on “The Conquest of Arid America,” there is given a carefully-compiled table of all of the expenditures of “the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints” in Utah, the figures being furnished, at the author's request, by Mr. A. Milton Musser, Church historian, and by him submitted to the inspection of the Presidents and Bishops of the Church, prior to publication.

The Hesperempis genus group is revised. The group includes Dryodromia Rondani and Hesperempis Melander, with Melanderalus Özdikem and Başar and Toreus Melander newly synonymised with Hesperempis, newsynonymy. Dryodromia includes D. testacea Rondani from the western Palaearctic and D. yunnanica Cumming and Saigusa new species from southwestern China. Hesperempis includes H. anatolica Cumming and Brooks new species, H. mabelae (Melander), H. neomexicana (Melander) newcombination, H. sanduca Melander, and H. vespera Cumming and Brooks new species from the Nearctic Region, as well as H. melina Cumming and Saigusa new species, H. nipponica Cumming and Saigusa new species, and H. sibirica Shamshev from the Palaearctic Region. A key to the two genera and 10 species is provided, and a cladistic analysis is presented. A new interpretation of the homologies of the male terminalia is proposed for this lineage, and the phylogenetic relationships and zoogeographic history of the group are discussed.

The species belonging to this sub-tribe, although small in number, rank with the rarer forms of Carabidæ : they may easily he known by their glabrous body and the confluent eighth and ninth striæ of the elytra. Several of the Oodii bear a superficial resemblance to certain Amara allied to fallx. With one exception ( O. elegans) the species are all Atlantic, occurring more abundantly southward. Oades fluvialis must be considered a typical northern Species, occurring rarely near St. Louis, Mo., but more abundent at Rock Island, Ill.

This is the first of a series of papers dealing with the Menoponidae of North America, in which it is hoped that each genus can be discussed and illustrated. The author wishes to acknowedge the kindness of Dr. G. F. Ferris in lending the Stanford Collection, containing V. L. Kellogg's type material, which is being used in these studies; and of Dr. C. F. Mr. Musebeck, for the loan of material from the United States National Museum.

I am now able to give the results of my attempts at raising the caterpillars of the three Argynnides, Cybele, Aphrodite and Diana, from the egg, this past season. In August and. early in September, 1873, females of cybele were easily obtained, and a few of aphrodite, which is a rare species here, and these were shut up in kegs, within which were placed pots of growing violets. The eggs rvere laid abundantly on the leaves and stems, and on the cloths which covered the kegs.

Machaerilaemus Harrison: Parasitology, VII, p. 389 (1915).

Machaerilaemus Harrison: Harrison, Parasitology, IX, p. 60 (1916)

Hirundoecus Ewing: Proc. U. S. N. M., LXXVII, Art. 20, p. 12 (1931).

Machaerilaemus Harrison: Bedford, 18th Rept. Dir. Vet. Serv. and Anim. Ind. Un. S. Africa, p. 377 (1932).

Hirundoecus Ewing: Bedford, ibid, p. 380.

Laboratory experiments and field observations from August 2019 to April 2020 demonstrated that skipper flies (Diptera: Piophilidae) overwinter as larvae and likely present an obligatory winter diapause in Québec, Canada. Diapause was confirmed by the very few emergences of adults in the laboratory following collection from carrion at the end of summer and in fall, the migration of larvae deep in the soil, and the persistence of larvae inside carrion during the winter until the following spring when they became active again and initiated pupation (i.e., intra-puparial period). To our knowledge, our observations represent the first report of the overwintering of skipper fly larvae inside an animal carcass in North America. In addition, this winter diapause should be considered in forensic entomology when using the presence of skipper fly larvae on a body to estimate the time elapsed since death.

The garden symphylan (Scutigerella immaculata Newport) population of a field of table beets, Beta vulgaris L., in northwestern Oregon, was studied. The number of symphylans from the samples ranged from 110 to 1131 per cubic foot with an average of 557. Several laboratory tests were conducted to study garden symphylan population increases in soil types treated differently. It was found that garden symphylans reproduce well in soil types such as Felida, Salkum, and Melbourne. Manure added to these soils increases their porosity, probably supplies additional foodstuff, and consequently provides the best rearing medium.