In the spin-orbit resonances, we assume that the orbit of the secondary asteroid around the primary is invariant, which is a reasonable assumption at first glance. Owing to the irregularity of asteroids’ geometry and their effect on the mutual orbit, this assumption should be revised. Therefore, we focus on a binary asteroid with a spherical primary and a secondary with an irregular shape. When the shape of a secondary asteroid is not a sphere, the gravitational interaction is important, and we should consider the interaction of orbit and spin. We generate fast Lyapunov indicator (FLI) maps for both spin-orbit resonance and spin-orbit coupling problems and investigate the effect of orbit alternation on the structure of phase space.

Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) offers unrivalled resolution in studies of celestial radio sources. The subjects of interest of the current IAU Symposium, the Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) of all types, constitute the major observing sample of modern VLBI networks. At present, the largest in the world in terms of the number of telescopes and geographical coverage is the European VLBI Network (EVN), which operates under the “open sky” policy via peer-reviewed observing proposals. Recent EVN observations cover a broad range of science themes from high-sensitivity monitoring of structural changes in inner AGN areas to observations of tidal eruptions in AGN cores and investigation of redshift-dependent properties of parsec-scale radio structures of AGN. All the topics above should be considered as potentially rewarding scientific activities of the prospective African VLBI Network (AVN), a natural “scientific ally” of EVN. This contribution briefly describe the status and near-term strategy for the AVN development as a southern extension of the EVN-AVN alliance and as an eventual bridge to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) with its mid-frequency core in South Africa.

By comparing two age indicators of high-mass white dwarfs (WDs) derived from Gaia data, two discoveries have been made recently: one is the existence of a cooling anomaly that produces the Q branch structure on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, and the other is the existence of high-mass WDs as double-WD merger products. The former poses a challenge for WD cooling models, and the latter has implications on binary evolution and type-Ia supernovae.

Close encounters or resonances overlaps can create chaotic motion in small bodies in the Solar System. Approaches that measure the separation rate of trajectories that start infinitesimally near, or changes in the frequency power spectrum of time series, among others, can discover chaotic motion. In this paper, we introduce the ACF index (ACFI), which is based on the auto-correlation function of time series. Auto-correlation coefficients measure the correlation of a time-series with a lagged duplicate of itself. By counting the number of auto-correlation coefficients that are larger than 5% after a certain amount of time has passed, we can assess how the time series auto-correlates with each other. This allows for the detection of chaotic time-series characterized by low ACFI values.

Dynamical mechanisms are essential to exchange angular momentum in galaxies, drive the gas to the center, and fuel the central super-massive black holes. While at 100pc scale, the gas is sometimes stalled in nuclear rings, recent observations reaching ∼10pc scale have revealed, within the sphere of influence of the black hole, smoking gun evidence of fueling. Observations of AGN feedback are described, together with the suspected responsible mechanisms. Molecular outflows are frequently detected in active galaxies with ALMA and NOEMA, with loading factors between 1 and 5. When driven by AGN with escape velocity, these outflows are therefore a clear way to moderate or suppress star formation. Molecular disks, or tori, are detected at 10pc-scale, kinematically decoupled from their host disk, with random orientation. They can be used to measure the black hole mass.

In this paper we summarise the research that is currently going on in Ethiopia and East-Africa in extragalactic astronomy and physics of active galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN). The study is focused on some of the still open questions such as: what are the stellar ages and populations of ultra hard X-ray detected AGN and connection between AGN and their host galaxies?, what are the properties of AGN in galaxy clusters and the role that environment has in triggering nuclear activity?, what are the morphological properties of AGN and how precisely we can deal with morphological classification of active galaxies?, what are the properties of galaxies in the green valley and the role of AGN in galaxy evolution?, and what are the properties of radio-loud and radio-quiet quasars (QSO) and dichotomy between the two?. Each of these questions has been developed under one specific project that will be briefly introduced. These projects involve 6 PhD and 3 MSc students and collaborations between Ethiopia, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda, Tanzania, Spain, Italy, and Chile. With all projects we aim: first, to contribute to our general knowledge about AGN, and second, to contribute to the development in astronomy and science in Ethiopia and East-Africa.

Recent GAIA observations revealed that the K-type star Gliese 710 will cross the Oort cloud in a distance between approximately 4000 and 12000 au in about 1.3 Myrs. This occurrence motivated us to study the influence of a stellar encounter on comets in the outer region of the solar system. Even if the Oort cloud extends to 100000 au from the sun, we restrict our study to the region between 30 and 25000 au where 25 million objects are distributed randomly. Comets at larger distances are not taken into account as they hardly enter the observable region after a single stellar fly-by. An overview of all objects that are scattered towards the sun for the different fly-by distances at 4000, 8000 and 12000 au shows that only a handful of objects are moving towards the sun immediately after the stellar encounter.

However, a subsequent long-term study of all objects that are moved into highly eccentric motion by the stellar fly-by shows a significant increase of comets crossing Jupiter’s orbit and entering into the observable region. In addition, our study shows the first comets crossing the orbit of Earth only about 2.5 Myrs after the stellar fly-by. Thus, the impact risk for the Earth increases only some million years after the stellar fly-by.

This paper studies the cosmology of accelerating expansion of the universe in modified teleparallel gravity theory. We discuss the cosmology of f(T, B) gravity theory and its implication to the new general form of the equation of state parameter wTB for explaining the late-time accelerating expansion of the universe without the need for the cosmological constant scenario. We examine the numerical value of wTB in different paradigmatic f(T, B) gravity models. In those models, the numerical result of wTB is favored with observations in the presence of the torsion scalar T associated with a boundary term B and shows the accelerating expansion of the universe.

Radio galaxies are ideal sites to scrutinize AGN feedback physics, as they are massive galaxies with jets that interact with the surrounding ISM. I will present a detailed analysis of the recent star formation history and conditions of a starbursting, massive radio galaxy at z = 2.6, PKS 0529-549. In the 8.5-hour VLT/X-Shooter spectrum, we detect unambiguous signatures of stellar photospheric absorption lines originating from OB-stars. Comparison with model spectra shows that more than one burst took place in its recent past: the most recent one at 4 − 7 Myr, and another aged ⩾20 Myr. ALMA observations of the [CI] atomic carbon emission line indicates that it has a low molecular gas fraction (∼13%) and short depletion time (∼40 Myr). Most intriguing is the modest velocity dispersion (⩽50 km/s) of these photospheric lines and the ALMA [CI] cold gas. We attribute its efficient star formation to compressive gas motions, induced by radio jets and/or interaction. Star formation works in concert with the AGN to remove any residual molecular gas and eventually leads to quenching.

Taking secondary particles produced from dark matter (DM) annihilation process to the origin of the extended diffuse radio emission observed in galaxy clusters, we studied both their morphology and radio spectral profile using simulated Coma like galaxy clusters. We have considered a neutralino annihilation channel dominated by $b\overline b $ species with a branching ratio of 1 and neutralino mass of 35 GeV with annihilation cross-section of 1×10-26 cm3 s-1. The radio emission maps produced for the two simulated galaxy clusters which are based on the MUsic SImulation of galaxy Clusters (MUSIC) dataset reveal the observed radio halo morphology showing radio emission both from the central regions of the cluster and substructures lying out off cluster centre. The flux density curve is in a good agreement for ν ≤ 2 GHz with the obsevational values for the Coma cluster of galaxies showing a small deviation at higher frequencies.

The intrinsic oxygen fugacity of a planet profoundly influences a variety of its geochemical and geophysical aspects. Most rocky bodies in our solar system formed with oxygen fugacities approximately five orders of magnitude higher than that corresponding to a hydrogen-rich gas of solar composition. Here we derive oxygen fugacities of extrasolar rocky bodies from the elemental abundances in 15 white dwarf (WD) stars polluted by accretion of rocks. We find that the intrinsic oxygen fugacities of rocks accreted by the WDs are similar to those of terrestrial planets and asteroids in our solar system. This result suggests that at least some rocky exoplanets are geophysically and geochemically similar to Earth.

We investigate the relationship between environment and star formation main sequence (the relationship between stellar mass and star formation rate) to shed new light on the effects of the environments on star-forming galaxies. We use the large VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz catalogue that consist of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and active galactic nuclei (AGN) in three different environments (field, filament, cluster) and for different galaxy types. We examine for the first time a comparative analysis for the distribution of SFGs with respect to the star formation main sequence (MS) consensus region from the literature, taking into account galaxy environment and using radio selected sample at 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 1.2 drawn from one of the deepest COSMOS radio surveys. We find that, as observed previously, SFRs increase with redshift independent on the environments. Furthermore, we observe that SFRs versus M* relation is flat in all cases, irrespective of the redshift and environments.

By means of numerical simulations we study the radial-orbit instability in anisotropic self-gravitating N–body systems under the effect of noise. We find that the presence of additive or multiplicative noise has a different effect on the onset of the instability, depending on the initial value of the orbital anisotropy.

We present MIR spectroscopy and photometry obtained with CanariCam on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio CANARIAS for a sample of 20 nearby, MIR bright and X-ray luminous quasi-stellar objects (QSOs). We find that for the majority of QSOs the MIR emission is unresolved at angular scales ∼0.3 arcsec. We derive the properties of the dusti tori that surround the nucleus based on these observations and find significant differences in the parameters compared with a sample of Seyfert 1 and 2 nuclei. We also find evidence for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features in the spectra, indicative of star formation, more centrally peaked (on scales of a few hundred pc) than previously believed.

We analyze the molecular and atomic gas data from the GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey (xGASS) and the extended CO Legacy Database (xCOLD GASS) IRAM survey using novel survival analysis techniques to identify a small number of stellar properties that best correlate with the gas mass. We find that the dust absorption, AV, and the stellar half-light radius, R50, are likely the two best secondary parameters than improve the Kennicutt - Schmidt type relation between the gas mass and the star formation rate, SFR. We fit multiple regression, taking into account gas mass upper limits, to summarize the median, mean, and the 0.15/0.85 quantile multivariate relationships between the gas mass (atomic or molecular hydrogen), SFR, AV and/or R50. In particular, we find that the AV of both the stellar continuum and nebular gas emission shows a significant partial correlation with the molecular hydrogen after controlling for the effect of SFR. The partial correlation between the AV and the atomic gas, however, is weak and their zero-order correlation may be explained by SFR. This is expected since in poorly dust-shielded regions molecular hydrogen is dissociated by the far ultraviolet photons and HI is the dominant phase. Similarly, R50 shows significant partial correlations with both atomic and molecular gas masses. This hints at the importance of environment (e.g., galacto-centric distance) on the gas contents galaxies and on the interplay between gas and star formation rate. We apply the gas scaling relations we found to a large sample of type 2 and type 1 AGNs and infer that the gas mass correlates with AGN luminosity. This correlation is inconsistent with the prediction of AGN feedback models that strong AGNs remove or heat cold gas in their host galaxies.

Currently, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) searches for Earth-size planets around nearby dwarf stars. To identify specific weak variations in the light curves of stars, sophisticated data processing methods and analysis of the light curve shapes should be developed and applied. We report some preliminary results of our project to find and identify minima in the light curves of stars collected by TESS and stored in the MAST (Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes) database. We developed Python code to process the short-cadence (2-min) TESS PDCSAP (Pre-search Data Conditioning Simple Aperture Photometry) light curves. Our code allows us to create test samples to apply machine learning methods to classify minima in the light curves taking into account their morphological signatures. Our approach will be used to find and analyze some sporadic events in the observed light curves originating from transits of comet-like bodies.

With the success of the Cassini-Huygens mission, the dynamic complexity surrounding natural satellites of Saturn began to be elucidated. New ephemeris could be calculated with a higher level of precision, which made it possible to study in detail the resonant phenomena and, in particular, the 54:53 near mean-motion resonance between Prometheus and Atlas. For this task, we have mapped in details the domains of the resonance with dense sets of initial conditions and distinct ranges of parameters. Our initial goal was to identify possible regions in the phase space of Atlas for which some critical angles, associated with the 54:53 mean motion have a stable libration. Our investigations revealed that there is no possibility for the current Atlas orbital configuration to have any regular behavior since it is in a chaotic region located at the boundary of the 54:53 mean-motion resonance phase space. This result is in accordance with previous works (Cooper et al. 2015; Renner et al. 2016). In this work, we generalize such investigations by showing detailed aspects of the Atlas-Prometheus 54:53 mean-motion resonance, like the extension of the chaotic layers, the thin domain of the center of the 54:53 resonance, the proximity of other neighborhood resonances, among other secondary conclusions. In particular, we have also shown that even in the deep interior of the resonance, it is difficult to map periodic motion of the resonant pair for very long time spans.

We have constructed an all-sky AGN catalogue, based on optical spectroscopy, from the parent sample of galaxies in the 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS), a near-complete census of the nearby (z < 0.09) universe. In addition to identifying the 8491 AGNs and providing line measurements for all the emission line galaxies so that the users can customise the selection criteria, we assess the affects of spectral quality on AGN identification. We find that spectral signal-to-noise and resolution affect not only the overall AGN detection rates but also the broad-line to narrow-line AGN ratios. These systematic effects must be taken into account when using any optical AGN catalogue and in comparing the results from different catalogues. We develop a way to account for the inhomogeneities by parametrizing the AGN detection rates as a function of the spectral signal-to-noise, making our catalogue suitable for statistical analyses. We will also present cross-correlation studies between this catalogue and all-sky catalogs at other wavelengths to better understand the different physical processes which lead to the emission at different wavelengths.

Based on observations by Bailer-Jones et al. (2018) who propose a close fly-by of the K-type star Gliese 710 in approximately 1.36 Myr we investigate the immediate influence of the stellar passage on trajectories of Oort cloud objects. Using a newly developed GPU-based N-body code (Zimmermann (2021)) we study the motion of 3.6 million testparticles in the outer Solar system where the comets are distributed in three different “layers” around the Sun and the 4 giant planets. We study the immediate influence of Gliese 710 at three passage distances of 12000, 4300, and 1200 au. Additionally, different inclinations of the approaching star are considered. Depending on the passage distance a small number of comets (mainly from the disk and flared disk) is scattered into the observable region (< 5 au) around the Sun. In addition, a huge number of comets (mainly the ones directly in the path of the passing star) shows significant changes of their perihelia. But, they will enter the inner Solar system a long time after the stellar fly-by depending on their dynamical evolution.

This article highlights the successes of the high resolution astrometric VLBI observations used for measuring proper motion of galaxies in the Local group. The required, high accuracies, often in the μ as yr−1 regime, are only attainable through the use of the phase-referencing technique. These require either a compact radio source (AGN) or strong maser emission in the target galaxy and, additionally, some compact extra-galactic radio sources (quasars) to serve as ideal background reference source. The derived proper motions can lead to lower limits on the orbital lower estimates to the mass of the host galaxy, promise a new handle on dynamical models of interacting galaxy systems and offer insights on the spatial distribution of dark matter in the near universe.