In conjunction with an earlier work by Leong (1974a), this paper completes the solution of the isomorphism problem for finite nilpotent groups of class two with cyclic centre. A canonical decomposition for 2-groups of such type is obtained and proved.

To any given balanced semigroup identity U ≈ W a number of polyhedral convex cones are associated. In this setting an algorithm is proposed which determines whether the given identity is satisfied in the bicylic semigroup or in the semigroup . The semigroups BC and E deserve our attention because a semigroup variety contains a simple semigroup which is not completely simple (respectively, which is idempotent free) if and only if this variety contains BC (respectively, E). Therefore, for a given identity U ≈ W it is decidable whether or not the variety determined by U ≈ W contains a simple semigroup which is not completely simple (respectively, which is idempotent free).

Let m be a vector measure with values in a Banach space X. If L1(m) denotes the space of all m integrable functions then, with respect to the mean convergence topology, L1(m) is a Banach space. A natural operator associated with m is its integration map Im which sends each f of L1(m) to the element ∫fdm (of X). Many properties of the (continuous) operator Im are closely related to the nature of the space L1(m). In general, it is difficult to identify L1(m). We aim to exhibit non-trivial examples of measures m in (non-reflexive) spaces X for which L1(m) can be explicitly computed and such that Im is not weakly compact. The examples include some well known operators from analysis (the Fourier transform on L1 ([−π, π]), the Volterra operator on L1 ([0, 1]), compact self-adjoint operators in a Hilbert space); such operators can be identified with integration maps Im (or their restrictions) for suitable measures m.

In 1957 P. Hall conjectured that every (finitely based) variety has the property that, for every group G, if the marginal factor-group is finite, then the verbal subgroup is also finite. The content of this paper is to present a precise bound for the order of the verbal subgroup of a G when the marginal factor-group is of order Pn (p a prime and n > 1) with respect to the variety of polynilpotent groups of a given class row. We also construct an example to show that the bound is attained and furthermore, we obtain a bound for the order of the Baer-invariant of a finite p-group with respect to the variety of polynilpotent groups.

Here we introduce a new integral transform whose kernel is the H-function. Since most of the important functions occurring in Applied Mathematics and Physics are special cases of the H-function, various integral transforms involving these functions as kernels follow as special cases of our transform. We mention some of them here and observe that a study of this transform gives general and useful results which serve as key formulae for several important integral transforms viz. Laplace transform, Hankel transform. Stieltjes transform and the various generalizations of these transforms. In the end we establish an inversion formula for the new transform and point out its special cases which are generalizations of results found recently.

We investigate a class of infinite-dimensional, modular, graded Lie algebra in which the homogeneous components have dimension at most two. A subclass of these algebras can be obtained via a twisted loop algebra construction from certain finite-dimensional, simple Lie algebras of Albert-Frank type.

Another subclass of these algebras is strictly related to certain graded Lie algebras of maximal class, and exhibits a wide range of behaviours.

To prove the statement given in the title take a set Σ1 of identities characterizing distributive lattices 〈L; ∨, ∧, 0, 1〉 with 0 and 1, and let Then is Σ redundant set of identities characterizing Stone algebras = 〈L; ∨, ∧, *, 0, 1〉. To show that we only have to verify that for a ∈ L, a* is the pseudo-complement of a. Indeed, a ∧ a* 0; now, if a ∧ x = 0, then a* ∨ x* 0* = 1, and a** ∧ = 1* = 0; since a** is the complement of a*, the last identity implies x** ≦ a*, thus x ≦ x** ≦ a*, which was to be proved.

A group is boundedly acyclic if its bounded cohomology with trivial real coefficients vanishes in all positive degrees. Amenable groups are boundedly acyclic, while the first nonamenable examples are the group of compactly supported homeomorphisms of $ {\mathbb {R}}^{n}$ (Matsumoto–Morita) and mitotic groups (Löh). We prove that binate (alias pseudo-mitotic) groups are boundedly acyclic, which provides a unifying approach to the aforementioned results. Moreover, we show that binate groups are universally boundedly acyclic. We obtain several new examples of boundedly acyclic groups as well as computations of the bounded cohomology of certain groups acting on the circle. In particular, we discuss how these results suggest that the bounded cohomology of the Thompson groups F, T, and V is as simple as possible.

An integral on a locally compact Hausdorff semigroup ς is a non-trivial, positive, linear functional μ on the space of continuous real-valued functions on ς with compact supports. If ς has the property: (A) for each pair of compact sets C, D of S, the set is compact; then, whenever and a ∈ S, the function fa defined by is also in . An integral μ on a locally compact semigroup S with the property (A) is said to be right invariant if for all j ∈ and all a ∈ S.

Theorems 1 and 2 are known results concerning Lp–Lq estimates for certain operators wherein the point (1/p, 1/q) lies on the line of duality 1/p + 1/q = 1. In Theorems 1′ and 2′ we show that with mild additional hypotheses it is possible to prove Lp-Lq estimates for indices (1/p, 1/q) off the line of duality. Applications to Bochner-Riesz means of negative order and uniform Sobolev inequalities are given.

Suppose U and V are to m × n matrices over the complex field. We obtain a representation for the Moore–Penrose inverse of the sum U + V. A well-known result of Cline is then derived as a special case of a corollary of this representation.

Based on a Junnila's paracompactness characterization we give a definition of pairwise paracompact space which permits us to prove that a bitopological space is quasi-metrizable if, and only if, it is a pairwise developable and pairwise paracompact space. An easy consequence of this result is the biquasi-metric form of the Morita metrization theorem. We also give some results on open mappings and strong quasi-metrics.

This paper studies o-polynomials, that is, polynomials which represent hyperovals in Desarguesian projective planes of even order. We present theoretical restrictions on the form that O-polynomials can have, and we determine the number of o-polynomials corresponding to each of the known classes of hyperovals (other than Cherowitzo's). We use this to give the number of known o-polynomials for the fields of orders 4, 8, 16 and 32. Exploratory computer searches for o-polynomials for fields of small orders greater than 16 are reported.

We prove quantitative versions of the Balog–Szemerédi–Gowers and Freiman theorems in the model case of a finite field geometry 𝔽2n, improving the previously known bounds in such theorems. For instance, if is such that ∣A+A∣≤K∣A∣ (thus A has small additive doubling), we show that there exists an affine subspace H of 𝔽2n of cardinality such that . Under the assumption that A contains at least ∣A∣3/K quadruples with a1+a2+a3+a4=0, we obtain a similar result, albeit with the slightly weaker condition ∣H∣≫K−O(K)∣A∣.

Let a(z) be a meromorphic function with only simple poles, and let k∈ N. Suppose that f(z) is meromorphic. We first set up an inequality in which T(r, f) is bounded by the counting function of the zeros of f(k) + af2, and then we prove a corresponding normal criterion. An example shows that the restriction on the poles of a(z) is best possible.

We investigate a locally full HNN extension of an inverse semigroup. A normal form theorem is obtained and applied to the word problem. We construct a tree and show that a maximal subgroup of a locally full HNN extension acts on the tree without inversion. Bass-Serre theory is employed to obtain a group presentation of the maximal subgroup as a fundamental group of a certain graph of groups associated with the D-structure of the original semigroup.

Existence and properties of incompressible surfaces in 3-dimensional manifolds are surveyed. Some conjectures of Waldhausen and Thurston concerning such surfaces are stated. An outline is given of the proof that such surfaces can be pulled back by non-zero degree maps between 3-manifolds. The effect of surgery on immersed, incompressible surfaces and on hierarchies is discussed. A characterisation is given of the immersed, incompressible surfaces previously studied by Hass and Scott, which arise naturally with cubings of non-positive curvature.

This paper introduces certain generalization of the notions of approximate limit, continuity and derivative and of absolute continuity, of real functions, leading to generalized integrals of Perron and Denjoy types comprising the AP-integral of Burkill (1931) and Sonouchi and Utagawa (1949) and the AD-integral of Kubota (1963), respectiely. The generalizations are all substantiated by appropriate examples.

Let R(z, w) be a rational function of w with meromorphic coefficients. It is shown that if the Schwarzian equation possesses an admissible solution, then , where αj, are distinct complex constants. In particular, when R(z, w) is independent of z, it is shown that if (*) possesses an admissible solution w(z), then by some Möbius transformation u = (aw + b) / (cw + d) (ad – bc ≠ 0), the equation can be reduced to one of the following forms: where τj (j = 1, … 4) are distinct constants, and σj (j = 1, … 4) are constants, not necessarily distinct.

The existence of spherically symmetric solutions of the equation ▵u = f(u) is proved for a large class of functions f(z). Among others, functions satisfying an inequality zf(z) < 0 for |z| > A, and in particular the function f(z) = -sinh z, belong to this class.