The stochastic birth-death process considered in this paper provides an approximate model for phage reproduction in a bacterium. In a recent paper, Hershey [1] has discussed reproduction and recombination in phage crosses, and a deterministic model for the reproductive process has been the subject of a previous note by the author [2]. A very readable account of the process is given by Sanders [3] in his recent article, “The life of viruses”.

In this article, we prove that for a finite field Fq with even q > 3, any complete mapping polynmial of Fq has reduced degree at most q − 3. This is a solution to a problem of Niederreiter and Robinson about finite fields.;

In this note we investigate lacunarity or ‘thin’ subsets in the dual object of a compact group via different classes of summing operators between Banach spaces. In particular, we give characterisations of Sidon and ∧ (p) sets, 2 < p < ∞

Two subgroups ME(G) and MI(G) of the Schur multiplier M(G) of a finite group G are introduced: ME(G) contains those cohomology classes [α] of M(G) for which every element of G is α-regular, and MI(G) consists of those cohomology classes of M(G) which contain a G-invariant cocycle. It is then shown that under suitable circumstances, such as when G has odd order, that each element of MI(G) can be expressed as the product of an element of ME(G) and an element of the image of the inflation homomorphism from M(G/G′) into M(G).

Using a new proof technique of the first author (by adding a new vertex to a graph and creating a total colouring of the old graph from an edge colouring of the new graph), we prove that the TCC (Total Colouring Conjecture) is true for any graph G of order n having maximum degree at least n - 4. These results together with some earlier results of M. Rosenfeld and N. Vijayaditya (who proved that the TCC is true for graphs having maximum degree at most 3), and A. V. Kostochka (who proved that the TCC is true for graphs having maximum degree 4) confirm that the TCC is true for graphs whose maximum degree is either very small or very big.

When a semi-infinite line load moves lengthways, at supersonic velocity, on the plane surface of an elastic solid, the resulting velocity field is conical. There are two characteristic cones, one associated with dilatation effects and the other with shear effects. The propagation process is more complicated than the well-known case of conical flow in supersonic aerodynamics not only because of the presence of two cones of discontinuity but also because the presence of a free surface implies interaction between shear and dilatation effects. It is the interaction process at the free surface which is examined in detail in this paper.

The results of this fundamental problem may be extended by the process of superposition to more general steadily moving loads. In particular by differentiating with respect to time, the potential of a steadily moving point load is obtained explicitly.

The spinor analysis of Infeld and van der Waerden [1] is particularly well suited to the transcription of given flat space wave equations into forms which constitute possible generalizations appropriate to Riemann spaces [2]. The basic elements of this calculus are (i) the skew-symmetric spinor Γμν, (ii) the hermitian tensor-spinor σκ(img)ν(generalized Pauli matrices), and (iii) the curvature spinor Ρμνκι. When one deals with wave equations in Riemann spaces V4 one is apt to be confronted with expressions of somewhat bewildering appearance in so far as they may involve products of a large number of σ-symbols many of the indices of which may be paired in all sorts of ways either with each other or with the indices of the components of the curvature spinors. Such expressions are generally capable of great simplification, but how the latter may be achieved is often far from obvious. It is the purpose of this paper to present a number of useful relations between basic tensors and spinors, commonly known relations being taken for granted [3], [4], [5]. That some of these new relations appear as more or less trivial consequences of elementary identities is largely the result of a diligent search for their simplest derivation, once they had been obtained in more roundabout ways.

We give several results concerning the simultaneous approximation of certain complex numbers. For instance, we give lower bounds for |a–ξo |+ | ea – ξ1 |, where a is any non-zero complex number, and ξ are two algebraic numbers. We also improve the estimate of the so-called Franklin Schneider theorem concerning | b – ξ | + | a – ξ | + | ab – ξ. We deduce these results from an estimate for linear forms in logarithms.

Let Γ denote the modular group, that is, the free product of a group of order 2 and a group of order 3. Morris Newman investigates in [2] the factor-groups of Γ and calls them Γ-groups for short; thus a group is a Γ-group if and only if it has a generating set consisting of an element of order dividing 2 and an element of order dividing 3. Newman's interest centres on finite simple Γ-groups. He proves that the linear fractional groups LF(2,p) for primes p are Γ -groups, and poses the problem of deciding which of the alternating groups enjoy this property.

If ε is an endomorphism of a finitely generated residually finite group onto a subgroup Fε of finite index in F, then there exists a positive integer k such that ε is an isomorphism of Fεk. If K is the kernel of ε, then K is a finite group so that if F is a non trivial free product or if F is torsion free, then ε is an isomorphism on F. If ε is an endomorphism of a finitely generated resedually finite group onto a subgroup Fε (not necessatily of ginite index in F) and if the kernel of ε obeys the minimal condition for subgroups then there exists a positive integer k such that ε is an isomorphism on Fεk.

For an algebraic structure A denote by d(A) the smallest size of a generating set for A, and let d(A)=(d(A),d(A2),d(A3),…), where An denotes a direct power of A. In this paper we investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the sequence d(A) when A is one of the classical structures—a group, ring, module, algebra or Lie algebra. We show that if A is finite then d(A) grows either linearly or logarithmically. In the infinite case constant growth becomes another possibility; in particular, if A is an infinite simple structure belonging to one of the above classes then d(A) is eventually constant. Where appropriate we frame our exposition within the general theory of congruence permutable varieties.

A notion of entropy for the non-singular action of finite co-ordinate changes on is introduced. This quantity-average co-ordinate or AC entropy-is calculated for product measures and G-measures. It is shown that the type III classes can be subdivided using AC entropy. An equivalence relation is established for which AC entropy is an invariant.

Totally umbilical submanifolds of dimension greater than four in quaternion-space-forms are completely classified.

The most general continuous time and state branching (C.B.) process (Xt) can be constructed as a certain random time transformation of a spectrally positive Levy process. When the generating process is compound Poisson with a superimposed negative linear drift and the C.B. process is not supercritical, then there is a random time T such that Xt+T = e-ctXT where c > 0 is the drift parameter. Thus T is the last epoch of random variation.

We describe several recursive constructions for designs which use designs with “holes”. As an application, we give a short new proof of the Doyen-Wilson Theorem.

This article is devoted to studying maximal π spaces where π = Lindelöf, countably compact, connected, lightly compact or pseudocompact. Necessary and sufficient conditions for Lindelöf or countably compact spaces to be maximal Lindelöf or maximal countably compact have been obtained. On the other hand only necessary conditions for maximal π spaces have been deduced where π = connected, lightly compact or pseudocompact.

In an extrapolation argument, we prove certain $L^{p}\,(1<p<\infty )$ estimates for nonisotropic Marcinkiewicz operators associated to surfaces under the integral kernels given by the elliptic sphere functions ${\rm\Omega}\in L(\log ^{+}L)^{{\it\alpha}}({\rm\Sigma})$ and the radial function $h\in {\mathcal{N}}_{{\it\beta}}(\mathbb{R}^{+})$. As applications, the corresponding results for parametric Marcinkiewicz integral operators related to area integrals and Littlewood–Paley $g_{{\it\lambda}}^{\ast }$-functions are given.

In this paper, we study the structure of certain conditional expectation on crossed product C*-algebra. In particular, we prove that the index of a conditional expectation E: B → A is finite if and only if the index of the induced expectation from B ⋊ G onto A ⋊ G is finite where G is a discrete group acting on B.

The present day theory of finite groups might be regarded as the outgrowth of the algebraic theory of equations. In much the same way one might consider the modern theory of infinite groups as stemming from late nineteenth century topology. The groups that crop up in topology are of a particularly simple type in that they are both finitely generated and finitely related. This means that every element in such a group can be expressed in terms of a finite number of elements and their inverses and every relation is an algebraic consequence of a finite number of relations between these elements. In other words the legacy of topology to group theory is the estate of finitely presented groups. This talk is concerned with the seemingly simplest of the finitely presented groups, the so-called groups with a single defining relator.

Let 𝒳 be a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss. In this paper, two weighted estimates related to weights are established for singular integral operators with nonsmooth kernels via a new sharp maximal operator associated with a generalized approximation to the identity. As applications, the weighted Lp(𝒳) and weighted endpoint estimates with general weights are obtained for singular integral operators with nonsmooth kernels, their commutators with BMO (𝒳) functions, and associated maximal operators. Some applications to holomorphic functional calculi of elliptic operators and Schrödinger operators are also presented.