Myelois fructetella, n. sp.—Expands 16–18 mm. Head dark fuscous; maxillary palpi fuscous, becoming black on end member. Antennaæ and thorax fuscous-gray to dark fuscous; abdomen yellowish-fuscous, ringed with dark fuscous on anterior part of each segment; forewings light gray, heavily marked with fuscous and black; base to basal line, with black scales, which become very heavy within basal line along inner margin; middle field much darkened on posterior half, with fuscous continuing along both lines, broad and black at costa along basal line, and narrow and black at costa along outer line; outer field broadly black along costa outside of outer line, becoming lighter posteriorly and along outer margin; fringe very light gray; basal line white, straight in direction or somewhat denated, near middle distinct; outer line less distinct, with a large but not deep sinus outwardly at middle; hindwings translucent fuscous becoming darker at edges.

Lygus keltoni Schwartz and Foottit is a species of plant bugs recently recognized as distinct from L. shulli Knight and an important component of the pest complex that attacks a number of field crops such as canola (Brassica napus) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in western Canada. The current laboratory study was undertaken to determine basic life-history parameters, such as instar duration, adult longevity, and reproductive potential, required to develop biologically based pest management strategies. At 25–27 °C, males lived around 34 days and females lived around 48 days. Females produced an average of 133 nymphs but up to 306 nymphs during their reproductive life, which averaged around 4 weeks (7-day preoviposition period). Egg incubation lasted around 10 days, instars 1–4 lasted 2–3 days each, and the 5th instar lasted 4 days. The reproductive potential of L. keltoni seems to be lower than that of L. hesperus Knight and L. lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), but other life-history parameters of the adults and development times of the nymphs are comparable.

The larvæ of the four species described below were collected, with a large number of others, form temporary pools which form on the plains around this city after the seasonal rains. The different species were separated into breeding bottles, and specimens of the larval skin casts and of the larvæ themselves, when abundant, were preserved for study.

The species of this genus bear some resemblance-especially the smaller species-to Lithocolletis: but they may be distinguished by the attitude in repose in most species, and by the developed maxillary palpi in all. They usually sit (especially the larger species, for I have not observed it in some of the smaller ones), with the anterior part of the body elevated upon the anterior and middle legs, whilst the posterior legs are applied to the sides of the abdomen, the apex of which touches the surface upon which they rest. In some of the smaller species, the maxillary palpi are small, and sometimes almost concealed by the labial palpi. This is the case in Gracillaria robiniella (Parectopa robiniella Clemens), and G. lespedezæfoliella (P. lespedezæfoliella Clem.), upon which Dr. Clemens erected the genus Parectopa, as not having any visible maxillary palpi.

The willow beaked gall midge, Mayetiola rigidae (Osten Sacken), is univoltine in Michigan. Adults emerge from bud galls on Salix discolor Mühl. and other willows on mornings of warm days in early April. Eggs are laid singly on or near the buds of the host. Head capsule measurements indicate three larval instars. The last two instars each possess a spatula. The first-instar larva emerges in late April and penetrates the soft bud tissues. The gall begins to develop at the beginning of the second instar in mid-May. The third instar appears in early July and continues to enlarge the gall until fall. Prior to overwintering, the larva lines the inner chamber of the gall with silk and constructs one to seven silken septa across the passageway. Pupation occurs in mid-March. The gall deforms the stem and occasionally a galled branch dies or breaks off.

Pseudoscorpions are microarthropods that are distributed from the equator to beyond the Arctic circle. Wyochernes asiaticus (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae) is the northernmost species of pseudoscorpion and is broadly distributed in Beringia, an Arctic and sub-Arctic region that remained unglaciated during the last glacial maximum. Wyochernes asiaticus is anoxia tolerant and has moderate cold tolerance, but nothing is known about the molecular basis of their survival in Canadian polar environments. We de novo assembled and characterised the transcriptome of W. asiaticus collected from the Yukon Territory in northwestern Canada. We assembled an approximately 62.6-million base-pair transcriptome with a mean contig length of 1277, which was 76% complete, according to a benchmark universal single copy orthologue (BUSCO) analysis. We identified 1100 transcripts encoding proteins associated with stress tolerance in these pseudoscorpions, including heat shock proteins, antioxidants, ubiquitination and proteosomal proteins, and sirtuins. We also identified transcripts encoding putative venom proteins. We highlight eight transcripts with high sequence similarity to sequences of venom proteins (ctenitoxins and agatoxins) described from other pseudoscorpions. Our study yields the first transcriptome of a Beringian arthropod, providing important sequence information that will allow future investigation of how W. asiaticus survives in Canadian polar environments.

Phlepsius lascivius, n. sp.—Resembling altus, slightly larger and lighter coloured; margin of the vertex black either side of a light tip. Length 6 mm.; width 2mm.

Head as wide as the pronotum, vertex depressed at the base, anteriorly convex and rounding to the front, the apex slightly angled, hardly half longer than at eye, two and one-half times wider than long, more than half as long as the pronotum, front broad, convex in both diameters, roundingly narrowing below; clypeus with the margins straight; elytra rather stout and straight, flaring behind, the claval nervures parallel, not united.

American records of virens Shrank as based on specimens of kendalli Kby. which is a well characterized species and not a synonym or variety of virens as stated by some authors. The range of kendalli is transcontinental, and extends from the northern limits of the subartic forests south to Maine, the Lake Superior region, the prairies, and central British Columbia.

Qualitative and quantitative changes in the neutral lipid content of hemolymph of gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar L., were assayed in larval, pupal, and adult stages. The major neutral lipid constituents of the hemolymph were 1,2-diacylglycerols and ranged in nominal concentration from 1.6–3.4 (larval), 3.1–4.9(pupal),toamaximumof 19.3 μg lipid per microlitre hemolymph in the adult male. When detected, triacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols never exceed diacylglycerol concentrations. The fatty acid composition of 1,2-diacylglycerols from adult male moths (0–12 h after emergence) was determined as fatty acid methyl esters using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Nine fatty acid structures have been assigned. Of these, five are saturated, unbranched, aliphatic fatty acids (C14:0 – C18:0) which comprise 80.5% of the total fatty acid abundance. The remaining four fatty acids consist of two saturated, methyl-branched, aliphatic compounds, a mono-unsaturated aliphatic acid, and a tri-unsaturated, tricyclic, diterpenoid acid.

Two new ichneumonid species in the genus Jezarotes Uchida are described from Korea: J. dentatusn. sp. and J. tetragonisn. sp. Photographs of diagnostic characters of the two new species, a key to the six known species, and a diagnosis of the genus are provided.

The reproductive cycles of the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown, were studied in the field in Manitoba from 1974 to 1978. Vitellogenesis is initiated within the first 3 days after emergence from aestivation in early August. Oviposition begins soon after the first eggs are developed, usually within the first 8 days after emergence. The rate of egg laying reaches a peak within 2 weeks after the initiation of oviposition and then declines gradually during the remainder of the oviposition period. Almost all eggs were laid between mid-August and mid-October. The average numbers of eggs laid per mated female in three oviposition studies were as follows: 1 female per cage (1974), 254±74 (±SE) (range, 11–696); 1 female per cage (1976), 273±47 (range, 0–622); and 25 females per cage (1974), 426±3 (range, 392–462). The most eggs were laid at the lowest temperature regime tested (6–20°C; mean, 12°C). Copulation is initiated in males and females during the 1st day after emergence from aestivation and both mate many times. Stimuli associated with copulation and (or) insemination enhance egg output, but are not required for the initiation of vitellogenesis and oviposition. Males transfer sufficient spermatozoa to the females during the first one or more copulations that occur during the first 8 days after emergence to fertilize almost all eggs produced. A system for classifying the stages of oocyte development is described.

Much of the losses due to insects in stored grain occur when infestations remain unnoticed because of infrequent or inadequate sampling, There is clearly a need for a simple, sensitive method of indicating the presence of insects in stored grain before they become sufficiently numerous to occur in grain samples.

At the Winnipeg laboratory, jars of water are sometimes used to increase the relative humidity above wheat containing cultures of rhe rusty grain beetle, Laemophloeus ferrugineus Steph. The fact that adults were often trapped in the water suggested a method of detecting insect infestations in stored grain. This paper reports field and laboratory experiments on the general usefulness of a water-trap to detect insects in stored grain.

Larvae of the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr., feed almost entirely below ground, attacking their food plants just below the soil surface. Larval movement and feeding usually occur at the interface between dry and moist soil. They can absorb moisture from the soil and also from the plants on which they are feeding.

In a previous investigation, Jacobson (1952) found that mortality from starvation varied directly with temperature and inversely with the size of larvae when the relative humidity was kept near 100 per cent. This paper is a report on the role of moisture during starvation.

It has come to my attention that results I reported (DeMars 1963) were incorrect.

In Table I the values for samples 4 through 7 in column 4 (Larvae-Dead-Rad.) should read 1, 10, 7, and 4 instead of 10, 7, 4, and 0. In Table II the values for sample 13 in columns 8 and 12 (Beetles of all stages-Live and Total-Rad.) should read 102 instead of 103.

The material on which the following paper is based is deposited in the United States National Museum to whose authorities I am indebted for the privilege of studying the collections of spiders in their charge. Several colleagues have been very generous in lending material and in giving advice. Particular thanks are due to Miss Elizabeth B. Bryant of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Dr. W. J. Gertsch of the American Museum of Natural History, and Professor R. V. Chamberlin of the University of Utah.

Coniferous timber in the Douglas-Fir Region is commonly subject to attack by ambrosia beetles of the families Scolytidae and Platypodidae. In view of the variety and extent of damage there is need for a ready method of identifying the ambrosia beetles causing major losses. It is the purpose of this paper to present methods of identifying the genera of ambrosia beetles found in the Douglas-Fir Region, by the general body shape of the insect, the diameter of the tunnel the beetles bore and the shape of the wood borings which they eject from these tunnels. These methods were developed by the author from original work conducted at Corvallis, Oregon in 1955-56 as part of his master's thesis at Oregon State College. Kinghorn, in Canada, developed similar methods of distinguishing ambrosia beetle damage and recently published means of differentiating the work of Gnathotrichus, from Trypodendron (Kinghorn, 1957).

Onthophagus Hecate Panz. A.O., W., S.M.

Aphodius fossor Linn. St. L.

validus Horn. W.

fimetarius Linn. A.O., St.L., T.L.

ruricola Melsh. W.

In working over our material in this group I have come to the conclusion that olivalis Grt. was incorrectly listed as a synonym of plagigera in the Barnes and McDunnough 1917 Check List.