The genus Frontiniella Townsend is transferred from the Eryciini to the Goniini, based on the production of microtype eggs in adult females. Frontiniella is known only from the Nearctic Region and the northern extreme of the Neotropical Region. Eufrontina Brooks is newly synonymized with Frontiniella and all species formerly placed in that genus are transferred to Frontiniella. Frontiniella is hypothesized to be monophyletic based on two derived character states: long hairs on the male surstylus, and elongate posterior spiracles on the puparium. Two species groups are recognized, one with six species and the other with four: the parancilla-group with F. parancilla Townsend, F. incarcerata sp.nov. (type-locality Hwy. 366, Graham Co., Arizona, USA), F. spectabilis (Aldrich) (new combination), F. surstylata sp.nov. (type-locality near Olustee, Florida, USA), F. jorgenseni sp.nov. (type-locality 20 miles northwest of Kenna, New Mexico, USA), and F. ethniae (Brooks) (new combination); and the festinans-group with F. festinans (Aldrich and Webber), F. apache sp.nov. (type-locality Sulphur Draw, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, USA), F. mitis (Curran), and F. regilla (Reinhard). This revision includes a key to the 10 known species of Frontiniella, a description of each species (including puparium where known), maps of species distributions, an annotated list of hosts (including corrections to previously published records and additions from material examined), and illustrations of taxonomically useful features.

Horse flies of the genus Tabanus are among the most persistent and annoying of the blood-sucking pests affecting Utah livestock. Tn many areas of this state they are particularly troublesome to cattle and horses during much of the summer and fall. The intermittent feeding habits of the Tabanidae at once mark them as potential vectors of disease. This study has been undertaken as a part of the investigation of the role of blood-sucking insects in the transmission of equine encephalomyelitis.

Flight of the range caterpillar occurred predominantly at dusk in the grasslands of eastern New Mexico in 1979 and 1980. The restricted period of flight in the evening corresponded to cool temperatures which probably favored mating success. Changes in atmospheric temperature and pressure had little effect on the number of moths flying from day to day. Most females oviposited within 10 m of the site of pupal eclosion.

The Nearctic species of the genus Homaspis Foerster, parasites of various species of sawflies on coniferous and deciduous trees and shrubs, were revised. There are 10 species of which seven were described as new. These were placed in three species groups as follows: the areolatus group including H. areolatus and H. petiolatus spp.nov.; the cristatus group including H. cristatus and H. pectinatus spp.nov.; and the interruptus group, including H. interruptus (Provancher), H. slossonae Cushman, H. brevis sp.nov., H. cephalciae sp.nov., H. albipes Davis, and H. cavatus sp.nov. Relationships of the species groups were discussed.

This beautiful little aphid was colllected in 1927, by Messrs. J. Stanley and H. Hulbert, and further material was also received from Mr. W. Downes from an American elm growing in the grounds of the Empress Hotel, Victoria, B. C.

Since the publication of my revision of the North American species of this genus, the food-plants of the larvae of several species, at the time unknown, have been ascertained. The recording of these, together with a few other notes that have been made from time to time in the course of identification work, form the basis of the present paper.

Male. Length (anterior margin of labrum to posterior margin of elytra) 4.0 mm.; width 1.8 mm. Body feebly convex. Head dark reddish-brown, labrum and ocelli paler; first four segments of antennae pale reddish-brown, five to eleven tinged with piceous; scutellum and disc of pronotum reddish-brown, sides of latter paler; elytra black, except the following areas which are reddish-yellow: basal third and along suture, and an irregular oblique fascia extending inward and posteriorly from the margin at middle almost to the suture at apical fourth, narrowly connected laterally with the basal area; apices of elytra vaguely paler.

A droplet-imbibing assay was used to assess the susceptibility of third-instar larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens, to Foray 48B, a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki containing 12.7 billion international units (IU) per litre. We observed an LD50 of 1.17 IU/larva for third instars, as compared with 3.96 IU/larva for fifth instars. Comparison with previously published data on susceptibility of later instars revealed that third instars were two-to three-fold more susceptible to Foray 48B than fourth and fifth instars and about eightfold more susceptible than sixth instars. Vulnerability of third instars to simulated aerial spray deposits was investigated by using potted balsam firs, Abies balsamea L. Potted trees were infested in the greenhouse when the buds were starting to swell, using a density of about one newly emerged second-instar larva per bud. When 90% of the larvae had reached the third instar and 52% of the buds were breaking (4 d after infesting), infested twigs were harvested and sprayed with undiluted Foray 48B in a spray chamber. Spray droplets on the buds measured between 25 and 125 μm in diameter, with 80% having a diameter of 80 μm or less. A density of 4.2 ± 1.0 droplets per bud resulted in spruce budworm mortality of 83.4 ± 4.0% and a corresponding reduction in larval density of 86.5 ± 3.9% (means ± SD, n = 6) after 5 d at 25 °C. Results of the spray chamber test suggest that third-instar spruce budworms were able to acquire a lethal dose, despite their concealed feeding habits.

Lygus Hahn (Hemiptera: Miridae) feeding in faba beans (Vicia faba Linnaeus (Fabaceae)) often results in a reduction in seed quality and economic losses. Traditionally, seed damage is assessed subjectively through visual examination by a trained individual, but the use of non-destructive imaging to evaluate seed quality is gaining momentum. The focus of this study was to determine the ability to quantify Lygus species damage in faba bean using shortwave-infrared imaging and two analysis techniques: (1) spectral angle mapper and (2) simple reflectance indices. Seed samples were visually assessed for damage before imaging in 242 wavebands between 980 and 2500 nm. Four spectral intervals, involving 102 wavebands, were identified as optimal for the detection of seed damage using spectral angle mapper. A strong relationship was obtained between the area of seed damage derived using spectral angle mapper and visually (R2 = 0.95). Seed damage derived by thresholding of two normalised faba bean damage indices involving reflectance at 1086 and 1313 nm and 2218 and 2342 nm also showed a strong relationship with the visual assessment (R2 = 0.92). The two image analysis techniques provided similar results. The study suggests that imaging in the shortwave-infrared wavelengths and the derivation of simple indices can effectively quantify faba bean damage by Lygus feeding.

The excellent results obtained by a study of both male and female genital organs when determining specimens of this difficult genus in connection nith my paper on the “Lepidoptera of Seton Lake, B. C.” have led me to continue this work with a view to clearing up the numerous synonymical tangles in our Canadian species. The variability within the limits of a single species, the poor condition of much of the type material, and the failure of authors such as Taylor, Pearsall and Swett not only to recognize each other's species, but to realize the wide-spread distributiion of the individual species, hare all contributed to produce a muddle of specific names which has been almost impossible to unravel by a mere study of external characters.

A key to species for adults and figures of the three North American Cinygma are presented. New distribution records are given; the range of C. lyriformis McDunnough is extended to Alaska and the genus in the Palearctic is discussed. Nymphs are undescribed except for C. integrum (Eaton). The life history of the latter is given for Oregon. Nymphs of all size classes are present throughout the year but adult emergence is restricted to mid May to mid July. Nymphs apparently are restricted to a submerged wood habitat.

There are certain species here and there among our months which are possessed of a sort of will-o'-the-wisp evasiveness, and one would as soon think of encountering them in nature as of finding the mythical pot of gold at the rainbow's end. The causes that bring about such conditions are, of course, varied, and these species often stand represented by some unique type in a distant collection. That the British Museum has long taken first rank in sheltering may of these uniques goes without saying, hence the matter of a rediscover becomes of more than ordinary moment. Further, an additional satisfaction arises, if at a second meeting with the reculuse the early history is exposed as well, and we find the way open to a more extended acquaintance, the while getting an insight into the specific standing, had that ever been questioned.

Lesser peachtree borers, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote & Robinson), were the principal insect species collected from caged peach wood, and American plum borers, Euzophera semifuneralis (Walker), were the second most common species. However, the population was diverse: 8 orders, 99 families, 222 genera, and 239 species were represented. Wood-boring insects were represented by 3 orders and 11 families. Many insects were apparently transients and were on the peach wood for protection during the dormant season when the peach wood was cut.

A weak diapause occurs in eggs of thc pale western cutworm, Axrotis orthogonia Morrison. It does not occur nor is it manifested equally in all eggs. As the eggs are laid in thc fall and hatch the following spring, the diapause 1s sufficient to ensure that they will not hatcll readily upon development to maturity in the fall and that hatchinig is delayed until food is available for the newly hatched larvae (Jacobson, 1962). The rate of hatch of eggs in which diapause has been eliminated varies directly with temperature and hatching may occur at temperatures slightly above freezing (Jacobson and Blakeley, 1958).

Four species of Chalcidoidea: Tetrastichus marcovitchi (Cwfd.), Tetrastichus sp., T. whitmani (Grit.), Pseudencyrtus sp., and two species of Proctotrupoidea: Platygaster abicollis MacGown and Osgood and P. mainensis MacGown and Osgood were reared and identified as parasites of the balsam fir needle gallmaker, Paradiplosis tumifex Gagné. T. marcovitchi was the most abundant. No parasites were found on or reared from Dasineura balsamicola (Lintner). The rearing technique is given.

When I accepted the invitation to serve as the lead-off speaker for the symposium Managing Bark and Ambrosia Beetles with Semiochemicals on which this special issue is based, I noted that everything one needed to know was published in Seybold et al. (2018), a really good review of the subject. So, I took another course. About 25 years ago, I gave an oral presentation in the form of a letter to an imaginary graduate student. It seemed to go over well, so I decided to do it again. Here is a version of that letter to Sarah, the latest prospective graduate student conjured up by my imagination.

Larval color morph frequencies were observed in the offspring of hybrid and backcross matings between pure Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman and C. retiniana (Walsingham) laboratory lines. Offspring of hybrid matings were mostly brown larval forms but intermediate and green larvae also occurred. Progeny of backcrosses to C. occidentalis were almost entirely brown larvae. Backcrosses to C. retiniana yielded mostly green larvae but a substantial number of intermediate and brown larvae also were in the progeny. There was no evidence that larval color is sex-linked or sex-limited.