The Cauchy representation is not valid for every Schwartz distribution f ∈ (D(R))′ because (t – x)−l ∉ D(R). Since for all z ∈ {z: Im z ≠ 0} the kernel (t – z)−l belongs to (R) (1 > p > ∞), the Cauchy representation of the distributions in ((R))′ seems possible.

In this paper, we prove this fact. It is also proved that every probability density defines a generalised function on the space (R)(1 < p < ∞), of test functions. Applications of these results in probability theory are discussed.

In previous papers we have proved that if G is a ω*-closed subspace of the conjugate space B* of a normed linear space B, then every b ∈ B can be extended within B, from G to the whole B*, with an arbitrarily small increase of the norm. Here we give some extensions of this result to the case when B* is replaced by a normed linear space E and B by any linear subspace V of E*, and some applications to separation and Helly type theorems.

Let D be an integral domain with quotient field K. If α2 − α ∈ D and α3 − α2 ∈ D imply α ∈ D for all elements α of K, then D is called a u-closed domain. A submonoid S of a torsion-free Abelian group is called a grading monoid. We consider the semigroup ring D[S] of a grading monoid S over a domain D. The main aim of this note is to determine conditions for D[S] to be u-closed. We shall show the following Theorem: D[S] is u-closed if and only if D is u-closed.

We study in this paper the relations existing between Joly's rectangular constant (µ) and the degree of asymmetry of Birkhoff-James's orthogonality relation (β). New bounds on the variation of µ in terms of β and estimation of the values taken by β in the case of uniformly convex Banach spaces are given.

In 1969, Ligh proved that distributively generated (d-g) Boolean near-rings are rings, and hinted that some of the more complicated polynomial identities implying commutativity in rings may turn d-g near-rings into rings. In the present paper we investigate the following conditions: (1) xy = (xy)n(x, y); (2) xy = (yz)n (xy); (3) xy = ym (x, y)xn (x, y); (4) xy = xy n(x, y)x; (5) xy = xn(x, y)ym (x, y); finally prove that under appropriate additional hypotheses a d-g near-ring must be a commutative ring. Indeed the theorem proved here is a wide generalisation of many recently established results.

We extend three well-known facts of Fourier series on the disc to Fourier series on the torus, a theorem of Riesz, a theorem of Szegö, and the fact that any function in H1 can be factored as the product of two functions in H2. Here the rôle of negative integers is played by the lattice points in the third quadrant. In earlier extensions of these theorems this rôle was played by half-planes.

We generalise a result of Chern [‘A curious identity and its applications to partitions with bounded part differences’, New Zealand J. Math. 47 (2017), 23–26] on distinct partitions with bounded difference between largest and smallest parts. The generalisation is proved both analytically and bijectively.

Dr M.F. Newman has asked whether in the absence of the Axiom of Choice it is possible to have two non-isomorphic elementary abelian groups of the same (finite) exponent and of the same (infinite) cardinality. By means of an example, I show that this is in fact possible, if the exponent is at least five; I do not know the answer in the remaining two cases. The example given requires the construction of a Fraenkel-Mostowski model of set theory, and for this purpose I draw upon the terminology, constructions, and results contained in the first two sections of a previous paper, “The construction of groups in models of set theory that fail the Axiom of Choice” (Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 14 (1976), 199–232), with which I assume familiarity.

Let a and b be positive integers and let $\{U_n\}_{n\ge 0}$ be the Lucas sequence of the first kind defined by

$$ \begin{align*}U_0=0,\quad U_1=1\quad \mbox{and} \quad U_n=aU_{n-1}+bU_{n-2} \quad \mbox{for }n\ge 2.\end{align*} $$

We define an $(a,b)$-Wall–Sun–Sun prime to be a prime p such that $\gcd (p,b)=1$ and $\pi (p^2)=\pi (p),$ where $\pi (p):=\pi _{(a,b)}(p)$ is the length of the period of $\{U_n\}_{n\ge 0}$ modulo p. When $(a,b)=(1,1)$, such primes are known in the literature simply as Wall–Sun–Sun primes. In this note, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions such that a prime p dividing $a^2+4b$ is an $(a,b)$-Wall–Sun–Sun prime.

Suppose n competitors each compete in r races and a ranking function F assigns a score F(j) to the competitor finishing in the jth position in each race. The sum of the scores over r races gives each competitor a final ranking. If n is fixed, the ranking function F bifurcates as r increases. The complete bifurcation behaviour is determined for n = 3 and some information obtained for n > 3.

In this note, the Morse-Smale characteristic of a differentiable manifold is defined and certain of its properties are studied.

We prove that there exists a polynomial of small height with a root close to 1. This implies that there are algebraic numbers close to 1 with relatively small Mahler measure. We also give an explicit construction of such numbers with small Weil height.

Jacobi-like forms are certain formal power series which generalise Jacobi forms in some sense, and they are closely linked to modular forms when their coefficients are holomorphic functions on the Poincaré upper half plane. We construct two types of vector bundles whose fibres are isomorphic to the space of certain formal power series and whose sections can be identified with Jacobi-like forms for a discrete subgroup of SL (2,ℝ).

In this paper, existence results for both integro-differential and functional differential equations are discussed using topological transversality arguments. As applications, third and fourth order boundary value problems are considered. For third order problems, an example has been cited to show that our results cover a wider class of problems than Theorem 2.3 of D.J. O'Regan, Topological transversality: Applications to third order boundary value problems, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 18 (1987) 630–641.

If E, F are regularly ordered vector spaces the tensor product E ⊗ F can be ordered by the conic hull Kπ of tensors, x ⊗ y with x ≥ 0 in E and y ≥ 0 in F, or by the cone K⊗ of tensors Φ ∈ E ⊗ F such that Φ(x′, y′) ≥ 0 for positive linear functionals x′, y′ on E, F.

If E, F are locally convex spaces the tensor product can te given the π-topology which is defined by seminorms pα ⊕ qβ where {pα}, {qβ} are classes of seminorms defining the topologies on E, F. The tensor product can also be given the ε-topology which is the topology of uniform convergence on equicontinuous subsets J x H of E′ x F′. The main result of this note is that if the regularly ordered vector spaces E, F carry their order topologies then the order topology on E ⊕ F is the π-topology when E ⊕ F is ordered by kπ, and the ε-topology when E ⊕ F is ordered by K⊕.

A.N. Kolmogorov showed that, if f, f′, …, f (n) are bounded continuous functions on ℝ, then when 0 < k < n. This result was extended by E.M. Stein to Lebesgue Lp-spaces and by H.H. Bang to Orlicz spaces. In this paper, the inequality is extended to more general function spaces.

In this paper we discuss in some detail the difference equations arising in the discretization of some second-order differential equations. We also show how such difference problems can be solved exactly.

Some minimax inequalities are first proved both in the compact case and in the non-compact case using the concept of escaping sequences introduced by Border. Applications are given to deduce a generalisation of the Gale-Nikaido-Debreu Lemma due to Mehta and Tarafdar and to obtain a new generalisation of the Gale-Nikaido-Debreu Lemma from which the corresponding generalisation due to Grandmont is derived.