In this paper we give necessary and sufficient conditions for exponential dichotomy of a general class of strongly continuous semigroups of operators defined on a Banach space. As a particular case we obtain a Datko theorem for exponential stability of a strongly continuous semigroup of class C0 defined on a Banach space.

We prove that for a large class of Segal algebras, the isometric multipliers consist of scalar multiples of translation operators.

For positive integers $p$ and $q$, let ${ \mathcal{G} }_{p, q} $ be a class of graphs such that $\vert E(G)\vert \leq p\vert V(G)\vert - q$ for every $G\in { \mathcal{G} }_{p, q} $. In this paper, we consider the sum of the $k\mathrm{th} $ powers of the degrees of the vertices of a graph $G\in { \mathcal{G} }_{p, q} $ with $\Delta (G)\geq 2p$. We obtain an upper bound for this sum that is linear in ${\Delta }^{k- 1} $. These graphs include the planar, 1-planar, $t$-degenerate, outerplanar, and series-parallel graphs.

We prove that a regular double Stone algebra is protective in the category of Stone algebras if and only if its centre is a projective Boolean algebra and its dense set is countably generated as a filter. It follows that every countable regular double Stone algebra is projective as a Stone algebra.

Euclid is a well-known two-player impartial combinatorial game. A position in Euclid is a pair of positive integers and the players move alternately by subtracting a positive integer multiple of one of the integers from the other integer without making the result negative. The player who makes the last move wins. There is a variation of Euclid due to Grossman in which the game stops when the two entries are equal. We examine a further variation which we called M-Euclid where the game stops when one of the entries is a positive integer multiple of the other. We solve the Sprague–Grundy function for M-Euclid and compare the Sprague–Grundy functions of the three games.

In this note about Genetic Algorithms (GA-), we study the 2-epistasis of a fitness function over a search space. This concept is a natural generalisation of that of epistasis, previously considered by Davidor in 1991 Suys and Verschoren in 1996 and Van Hove and Verschoren in 1994 for example. We completely characterise fitness functions whose 2-epistasis is minimal: these are exactly the second order functions. The validity of 2-epistasis as a measure of hardness with respect to genetic algorithms is checked over some classical laboratory functions. Finally, we obtain an upper bound of the maximal value of the 2-epistasis when we restrict attention to non-negative functions.

Extending the results of An†onovskiĭ, Bol†janskiĭ, and Sarymsakov on semifield metric spaces, the authors define a regular semifield metric to be one in which the distance in the standard Tychonoff product representation of a point from a disjoint closed set is nonzero. It is shown that every completely regular topological space possesses a completely regular semifield metric and that there is an equivalent completely regular semifield metric for every semifield metric space. A normal semifield metric is defined to be one in which the distance between two disjoint closed sets is nonzero and it is shown that possessing a normal semifield metric is equivalent to being a normal topological space. Finally, Cauchy nets in semifield metric spaces are introduced leading to the notion of completeness. It is shown that a semifield metric space is complete iff every Cauchy net with the property that its directed set has cardinality less than or equal to the cardinality of the indexing set of the Tychonoff product representation of the semifield converges.

The notions of a Baire-1 and a weak Baire-1 multifunction are defined and a striking analogy between Baire-1 multifunctions and classical Baire-1 functions is established. A selection theorem is presented which asserts that if X is a metrisable space, Y a Polish space and F: X → 2Y/{∅} a closed-valued, weak Baire-1 multifunction, then F admits a Baire-1 selection. Using the machinery developed we prove that if X is a Banach space with separable dual, then every weak* usco, defined on a completely metrisable space Z, which values are weakly* compact subsets of the dual, is norm lower semicontinuous on a dense Gδ set.

In this paper we discuss in some detail the difference equations arising in the discretization of some second-order differential equations. We also show how such difference problems can be solved exactly.

Let $b_{3,5}(n)$ denote the number of partitions of $n$ into parts that are not multiples of 3 or 5. We establish several infinite families of congruences modulo 2 for $b_{3,5}(n)$. In the process, we also prove numerous parity results for broken 7-diamond partitions.

In this paper we study the additive group structure of subdirectly irreducible rings and their hearts. We give and example of a torsion-free, non-reduced abelian group which is not the underlying additive group of any associative subdirectly irreducible ring. It is a counterexample to a theorem in Feigelstock's book “Additive Groups of Rings.”

For a commutative l–group G with carrier lattice , G is weakly projectable iff the proper prime filters of are all maximal filters.

We describe how to approximate fractal transformations generated by a one-parameter family of dynamical systems $W:[0,1]\rightarrow [0,1]$ constructed from a pair of monotone increasing diffeomorphisms $W_{i}$ such that $W_{i}^{-1}:[0,1]\rightarrow [0,1]$ for $i=0,1$. An algorithm is provided for determining the unique parameter value such that the closure of the symbolic attractor $\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}}$ is symmetrical. Several examples are given, one in which the $W_{i}$ are affine and two in which the $W_{i}$ are nonlinear. Applications to digital imaging are also discussed.

In this paper we prove two inequalities relating the warping function to various curvature terms, for warped products isometrically immersed in Riemannian manifolds. This extends work by B. Y. Chen [‘On isometric minimal immersions from warped products into real space forms’, Proc. Edinb. Math. Soc. (2) 45(3) (2002), 579–587 and ‘Warped products in real space forms’, Rocky Mountain J. Math.34(2) (2004), 551–563] for the case of immersions into space forms. Finally, we give an application where the target manifold is the Clifford torus.

In this paper we establish (c, 1) summability of the sequence {nBn (x)} and by using Tauber's Second Theorem, we deduce the convergence criterion of the conjugate series of a Fourier series.

Let B be a commutative, semi-simple, regular, Tauberian Banach algebra with noncompact maximal ideal space Δ(B). Suppose B has the property that there is a constant C such that for every compact subset K of Δ(B) there exists a f ∈ B with = 1 on K, ‖f‖B ≤ C and has compact support. We prove that if A is a proper abstract Segal algebra over B then for every positive integer n there exists f ∈ B such that fn ∉ A but fn+1 ∈ A. As a consequence of this result we prove that if G is a nondiscrete locally compact abelian group, μ a positive unbounded Radon measure on Γ (the dual group of G), 1 ≤ p < q < ∞ and , then .