Mainly dioecious, slow-growing, small-sized resinous evergreen trees (to c.25 m) or (usually) low spreading or round-headed shrubs of 1.5–9.0 m high, of irregularly rounded or broad-crowned outline.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is characterized by a thrombus that forms in the cerebral venous sinuses and is most often spoken about in terms of the progressive, dull, pressure-type holocephalic headache it produces. Though women immediately postpartum are at the highest risk of developing CVST, young women who smoke in addition to taking oral contraception medications are at particularly high risk compared to the average population. The most common venous sinus involved in CVST is the superior sagittal sinus. Complications of CVST extend far beyond headache as increased intracranial pressure, cerebral edema, subarachnoid hemorrhage, alterations in consciousness, and papilledema commonly occur depending on severity and location.

Evergreen shrubs to forest trees, to 10–55 m and 1.5 m dbh, with branchlets strongly whorled in origins. Leaves are slender, spreading all around shoots, crowded, densely spirally set on shoots which are spreading to descending or upsweeping or erect towards the tips of the shoots.

Hemiplegic migraine (HM), a rare form of migraine with aura, has a female predominance of 2–4:1 with most common onset between 12 and 17 years of age. Hemiplegic migraine can occur sporadically or pass familiarly with autosomal dominant transmission. Those with familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) are categorized into four groups (FHM1–4) according to the gene mutation they possess. Those designated FHM1 account for approximately 50% of those with FHM and possess mutations in the CACNA1A gene on chromosome 19p13. Those with subgroups FHM2 and FMH3 possess gene mutations in ATP1A2 and SCN1A, respectively. Patients with a family history (at least one affected first-degree or second-degree relative) of HM, however, with no found gene mutation are designated FHM4.

This chapter is concerned with method in art history and focuses on R. G. Collingwood’s impact on Michael Baxandall’s contribution to this subject in Patterns of Intention (1985). It begins with a discussion of Baxandall’s appeal to Collingwood’s notion of “re-enactment” and Karl Popper’s “situational logic,” followed by an explanation of the Collingwoodian roots of his “triangle of re-enactment.” Taking for granted that the proper interpretation of Collingwood’s notion of “re-enactment” is in terms of Peirce’s notion of “abduction,” itself understood in terms of the “Gabbay–Woods schema,” I then offer a reading of chapter IV and Baxandall’s analysis of Piero della Francesca’s Baptism of Christ, that bring to the fore the central influence of Collingwood’s conceptions – the claim being that Baxandall’s successful application of them shows their worth.

Global greenhouse gas emissions linked to human activities continue to increase, and as a result global temperatures keep rising and the impact of climate change is increasingly felt by all communities. This chapter reviews the observed evidence of climate change and analyses greenhouse gas emissions in different countries and/or groups of countries to understand how we reached current concentrations and warming levels. The contribution also discusses the key conclusions of the Summary Report for Policy Makers published by Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in August 2021, and applies a quasi-linear relationship between cumulated greenhouse gases and global warming to illustrate how emission reductions could limit global warming

Also called opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome or dancing eye–dancing feet syndrome, opsoclonus–myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMAS) is a rare paraneoplastic movement disorder, on the spectrum of childhood-acquired cerebellar ataxias, which typically presents in children <5 years old with neuroblastoma.

First described by French neurologist and psychiatrist Achille-Louis Foville in 1858, Foville syndrome (FS) describes the syndrome of neurological sequela occurring after lesion to the inferior medial pons. Most commonly, FS presents due to lacunar infarct of the pons, but it can also occur in the setting of hemorrhage, tumor, or inflammatory lesion. In the case of lacunar infarction, this is secondary to occlusion of the paramedian pontine branches of the basilar artery.

Tall to very tall, medium-sized to sometimes massive, monoecious evergreen trees typically well furnished with foliage throughout much of life on thick, stout shoots, with strongly whorled branches and a typically bushy but conical and broadly tapering fairly symmetric crown. Its large, broad, tapering dorsiventrally flattened leaves densely furnish all shoots and are swept into two somewhat irregularly spreading ranks across all laterals, which is its most conspicuous feature.

A generalized tonic–clonic (GTC) seizure is characterized by whole body stiffening (tonic phase), followed by whole body jerking or twitching movements (clonic phase). In some cases, there is a clonic phase preceding the tonic phase, thus leading to a clonic–tonic–clonic sequence.

Moderate-sized evergreen trees, of graceful appearance and monopodial habit throughout life, with initially strongly whorled but widely spaced horizontally spreading branch systems and eventual broadly domed crown of open habit, bearing numerous and persistent flattened spine-tipped leaves.

This chapter outlines creative and body-based learning (CBL) as a pedagogical approach that puts principles of transformative pedagogy into action. CBL provides a provocation to engage with the body and creativity as instruments for learning and modes of representation. In highlighting the liberatory impact for both learners and educators, we explore how such approaches disrupt power imbalances and allow young people agency, higher-order thinking and a sense of belonging to a community of learners. In developing a theoretical base for our work, we are drawn to theories of embodiment, arts and affect.

Generally small to medium-sized, dioecious, slender evergreen trees, of stately and strongly monopodial form, the crown acutely tapering pointed–columnar. The tree is well furnished with short, straight, spreading-ascending somewhat monopodial branches and foliar branchlets usually throughout life, the crowns borne from long, slender, shaft-like, strongly erect trunks.