Decompression sickness (DCS), also known as caisson disease, divers’ disease, or the bends was first described by Irish alchemist Sir Robert Boyle in 1670 after seeing the effects of depressurizing a viper he had placed in a vacuum. Today, DCS is known as a multiorgan systemic condition in which nitrogen that is normally dissolved in tissues in a pressurized environment leaves the tissues in a gaseous state when the body enters a less pressurized environment. This is mostly seen in deep-sea divers experiencing high environmental pressures when diving, and then normal atmospheric pressure as they return to the water’s surface. This condition has also been seen in pilots and astronauts.

So far, all algorithms for Symmetric TSP began with a spanning tree and then added edges to make the graph Eulerian. In contrast, Mömke and Svensson suggested to begin with a 2-connected graph; then we may also delete some edges for making it Eulerian, and this may be cheaper overall. They introduced the notion of removable pairings, which allow to control that we maintain connectivity when deleting edges.

This idea led to a substantial improvement and is still used for the best algorithm for Graph TSP that we know today (cf. Chapter 12). It also yields the ratio 4/3 for the special case of subcubic graphs.

The most common form of muscular dystrophy in adults, myotonic dystrophy (MD) is an autosomal dominant neuromuscular disease caused by the trinucleotide expansion of CTG repeats. The location of these CTG repeats differs between types of MD with the chromosome 19 gene DMPK (dystrophia-myotonica protein kinase) being the culprit gene in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM-1 aka Steinert’s disease), and the chromosome 3 gene ZnFP9 (zinc finger protein 9) being the culprit gene in myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM-2). A greater number of CTG repeats predicts an earlier onset of disease.

Chapter 6 addresses the common strategy to appear unprejudiced: racial colorblindness. Are individuals in a color-salient society able to not see color? The chapter begins with empirical research on the question of whether people are able to ignore the race and ethnicity of others. As it turns out, people who attempt to ignore race cannot, and tend to have awkward interactions with people of color. Instead of colorblindness being a good strategy to avoid discrimination, colorblindness facilitates the ignoring of discrimination. The pros and cons of a multicultural perspective as an alternative to racial colorblindness is discussed. Implications of the cultural emphasis on colorblindness is interrogated, such as the implicit belief that white people are true Americans, whereas people of color are only provisionally American. Strategies for prejudice reduction end the chapter and include creating more complex social identities and coalition work – organizing across difference.

Tall, medium-sized to eventually often massive, dioecious, deciduous trees, with irregularly arrayed branches and a wide-domed crown, with branches densely clad with characteristic long-stalked, fan-like, winter-deciduous leaves. On female trees, seeds are drupe-like at maturity, within a fleshy outer covering and hanging pendulously in quantity, like yellow-green cherries. All leaves and fruits shed profusely in autumn.

This chapter reveals how rock art sheds important light on individual lives as well as speaking more broadly to Indigenous experiences. We argue that rock art is created in social, historical contexts – and these contexts are evidenced in the art. Rock art is a fully situated historical source. Focusing on the story of artist Quilp, we demonstrate how rock art is a ‘counter-archive’ that can reveal important new understandings about Aboriginal experience, about which the colonial archive is silent.

Very long-lived, extremely tall and sometimes massive, monoecious evergreen trees, with a typically conical, tapering crown. The branch systems eventually often retreat to become high-set, revealing a long, ascending shaft-like trunk of pillar-like and virtually cathedrallian dimensions, the trunks are clad with reddish fibrous bark. The whole tree sheds copious amounts of dried, red–brown predominantly finely pinnate-leaved foliage, often including small marble-sized inconspicuous cones. The whole shed array is usually densely long persistent on the ground beneath.

Graceful evergreen trees or large shrubs, with linear acicular soft greyish-green leaves which long-persist or changing gradually to adult cupressoid foliage. Branches and branchlets are not flattened into a single plane. The adult foliage is without distinction between facial and lateral pairs. The seed cones are borne erect, often clustered and each of two pairs of scales which are woody when mature.

In this short concluding chapter, we show two figures that summarize the state of the art.

Moreover, we list again the open problems that we mentioned in this book.

Dioecious evergreen trees of yew-like foliar habit. The leaves are more freely spaced, more perpendicularly inserted and more irregularly spreading than in Pectinopitys, often inserted near-perpendicularly and with many spreading more irregularly above or all around most major shoots, and hence only weakly and irregularly ranked. The leaves remain small, and much smaller than in Sundacarpus. The female ‘fruits’ when mature are pendulous on long stalks, and large and heavy.

This uninhibited book of Collingwood’s rounds off his contribution to philosophy in a fiercely personal style. Declaring his unbounded admiration for the Leviathan of Hobbes and following its fourfold structure, Collingwood offers a systematic account of man, society, civilization, and “barbarism” – the last being understood as active hostility towards civilization, or revolt against it. Collingwood’s thoughts on the meaning of “society” and “civility,” as well as on questions of peace and war, remain very much alive; of particular interest here are his distinction between “eristic” and “dialectical” approaches to disagreement, and his conception of a body politic as the scene of a “dialectical” relationship between social and non-social elements. Other discussions impose greater distance on a modern reader – among them his briskly affirmative treatment of the role of a “ruling class,” of our entry into a presumed “social contract,” and of the “intelligent exploitation of nature.”

Tall and often narrow evergreen trees of typically acutely tapering outline, densely furnished throughout with clumped masses of profuse linear, soft-textured foliage held in conspicuously radiating whorls, like the spokes of an umbrella.

Also called paramedian midbrain syndrome, Benedikt syndrome is a lacunar stroke syndrome of the base and tegmentum of the midbrain, named after Austrian neurologist Moiz Benedikt, who detailed the signs in a lecture in 1889.