Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-5f56664f6-ldbxw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-05-07T11:39:21.398Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part II - The Natural Right to Property

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 April 2025

Eric R. Claeys
Affiliation:
George Mason University, Virginia
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

References

Ackerman, Bruce A. 1977. Private Property and the Constitution. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Andrews, Lori B. 1986. “My Body, My Property,” Hastings Center Report 16 (5): 2838.Google ScholarPubMed
St. Aquinas, Thomas. 1485/2023. Summa Theologiae, The New Advent, www.newadvent.org/summa/ (last accessed March 29, 2023).Google Scholar
Aristotle. c. 350 BCE/2002. Nicomachean Ethics, Sachs, Joe trans. Newburyport, MA: Focus Publishing.Google Scholar
Blackstone, William. 1765–69/1979. Commentaries on the Laws of England, Katz, Stanley N. ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Boucher, David. 2009. The Limits of Ethics in International Relations: Natural Law, Natural Rights, and Human Rights in Transition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Buckle, Stephen. 1991. Natural Law and the Theory of Property: Grotius to Hume. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Claeys, Eric R. 2018. “Use and the Function of Property,” American Journal of Jurisprudence 63 (2): 221–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
di Robilant, Anna, and Talha, Syed. 2022. “The Fundamental Building Blocks of Social Relations Regarding Resources: Hohfeld in Europe and Beyond,” in Wesley Hohfeld a Century Later: Edited Work, Select Personal Papers, and Original Commentaries, Balganesh, Shyamkrishna, Sichelman, Ted M., and Smith, Henry eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press., pp. 253–57.Google Scholar
Eltis, David et al. eds. 2011. The Cambridge World History of Slavery. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Essert, Christopher. 2014. “Property in Licenses and the Law of Things,” McGill Law Journal 59 (3): 559–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finnis, John. 2002. “Natural Law: The Classical Tradition,” in The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law, Coleman, Jules, Shapiro, Scott, and Himma, Kenneth Einar eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 160.Google Scholar
Grey, Thomas C. 1980. “The Disintegration of Property,” in NOMOS XXII: Property, Pennock, James Roland and Chapman, John W. eds. New York: New York University Press, pp. 6985.Google Scholar
Grotius, Hugo. 1625/1925. De Jure Belli ac Pacis Libri Tres, Kelsey, Francis W. trans. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Kass, Leon. 1992. “Organs for Sale? Propriety, Property, and the Price of Progress,” The Public Interest 107: 6586.Google Scholar
Lincoln, Abraham. 1854/1989. “Fragment on Slavery,” in Abraham Lincoln: Speeches and Writings, 1832–1858, Fehrenbacher, Don E. ed. New York: Library of America, p. 303.Google Scholar
Locke, John. 1698/1988. Two Treatises of Government, Laslett, Peter ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
MacCormick, D. Neil. 1990. “General Legal Concepts,” in The Laws of Scotland, Smith, Thomas and Black, Robert eds. Edinburgh: Butterworth & C. (Publishers) Ltd., v. 11, pp. 359–81.Google Scholar
Mossoff, Adam. 2003. “What Is Property? Putting the Pieces Back Together,” Arizona Law Review 45 (2): 371443.Google Scholar
Newman, Christopher M. 2018. “Using Things, Defining Property,” in Property Theory: Legal and Political Perspectives, James Penner, and Otsuka, Michael eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 6998.Google Scholar
Noonan, John T. Jr. 2005. A Church That Can and Cannot Change: The Development of Catholic Moral Teaching. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Patterson, Orlando. 1982/2018. Slavery and Social Death, rev. ed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Penner, James E. 1997. The Idea of Property in Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pufendorf, Samuel. 1688/1934. De Jure Naturae et Gentium Libri Octo, Oldfather, C.H., and Oldfather, William Abbott trans. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Radin, Margaret Jane. 1996. Contested Commodities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Singer, Joseph William. 2000. Entitlement: The Paradoxes of Property. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Henry E. 2012. “Property as the Law of Things,” Harvard Law Review 125 (7): 1691–726.Google Scholar
West, Thomas G. 1997. Vindicating the Founders: Race, Sex, Class, and Justice in the Origins of America. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Wittenberg, Phillip. 1947. Dangerous Words: A Guide to the Law of Libel. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Wolf, Michael Allan ed. 1949/2021. Powell on Real Property. New York: LexisNexis Matthew Bender.Google Scholar
Wood, Horace Gay. 1875. A Practical Treatise on the Law of Nuisance in Their Various Forms: Including Remedies Therefor in Law and Equity. Albany, NY: J.D. Parsons, Jr.Google Scholar

References

Angeli, Oliviero. 2015. Cosmopolitanism, Self-Determination, and Territory: Justice with Borders. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
St. Aquinas, Thomas. 1485/2023. Summa Theologiae, The New Advent, www.newadvent.org/summa/ (last accessed March 29, 2023).Google Scholar
Blackstone, William. 1765–69/1979. Commentaries on the Laws of England. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Buckle, Stephen. 1991. Natural Law and the Theory of Property: Grotius to Hume. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Claeys, Eric R. 2013. “Productive Use in Acquisition, Accession, and Labour Theory,” in Philosophical Foundations of Property Law, Penner, James E. and Smith, Henry eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claeys, Eric R. 2017. “Labor, Exclusion, and Flourishing in Property Law,” North Carolina Law Review 95 (2): 413–92.Google Scholar
Claeys, Eric R. 2020. “Claim Communication in Intellectual Property: A Comment on Right on Time,” Boston University Law Review Online Forum 100: 410.Google Scholar
Dagan, Hanoch. 2021. A Theory of Property. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daintith, Terrence. 2010. Finders Keepers? How the Law of Capture Shaped the World Oil Industry. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future Press.Google Scholar
Dworkin, Ronald. 1980. “Is Wealth a Value?Journal of Legal Studies 9 (2): 191226.Google Scholar
Ellickson, Robert C. 1993. “Property in Land,” Yale Law Journal 102 (6): 1315–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, Richard A. 1979. “Possession as the Root of Title,” Georgia Law Review 13 (4): 1221–43.Google Scholar
Finnis, John. 1998. Aquinas: Moral, Political, and Legal Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Finnis, John. 2002. “Natural Law: The Classical Tradition,” in The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law, Coleman, Jules L., Shapiro, Scott J., and Himma, Kenneth Einar eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 160.Google Scholar
Gordley, James. 2002. “Water Rights,” in Law and Justice in a Multistate World: Essays in Honor of Arthur T. von Mehren, Nafziger, J.A.R. and Symeonides, S. eds. New York: Transnational Publishers, pp. 683703.Google Scholar
Gordley, James. 2017. “First Possession and the Origin of Property,” in Studi in onore di Antonio Gambaro, Mattei, Ugo et al. eds. Milan: Giuffre, pp. 671–88.Google Scholar
Gordley, James, and Mattei, Ugo. 1996. “Protecting Possession,” American Journal of Comparative Law 54 (2): 293334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grotius, Hugo. 1625/1962. De Jure Belli ac Pacis Libri Tres, Kelsey, Francis W. trans. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill Co.Google Scholar
Hart, H.L.A. 1955. “Are There Any Natural Rights?,” The Philosophical Review 64: (2) 175–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helton, Taiawagi, and Rhett, Larson. 2022. “Elements of Prior Appropriation,” in aters and Water Rights, Kelley, Amy K. ed. New York: LexisNexis Matthew Bender, ch. 12.Google Scholar
Johnson, Nicole L. 2007. “Property Without Possession,” Yale Journal on Regulation 24 (2): 205–51.Google Scholar
Kent, James. 1826–30/1971. Commentaries on American Law. New York: Da Capo Press.Google Scholar
Klimchuk, Dennis. 2013. “Property and Necessity,” in Philosophical Foundations of Property Law, Penner, James E. and Smith, Henry eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 4767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramer, Matthew H. 1997. John Locke and the Origins of Private Property: Philosophical Explorations of Individualism, Community, and Equality. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Locke, John. 1698/1988. Two Treatises of Government, ed. Laslett, Peter. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
MacLeod, Adam J. 2015. Property and Practical Reason. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Merrill, Thomas W. 1998. “Property and the Right to Exclude,” Nebraska Law Review 77 (4): 730–55.Google Scholar
Mossoff, Adam. 2002. “Locke’s Labor Lost,” University of Chicago Law School Roundtable 9: 155–64.Google Scholar
Mossoff, Adam. 2003. “What Is Property? Putting the Pieces Back Together,” Arizona Law Review 45 (2): 371443.Google Scholar
Munzer, Stephen R. 1990. A Theory of Property. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Newman, Christopher M. 2011. “Transformation in Property and Copyright,” Villanova Law Review 56 (2): 251325.Google Scholar
Nozick, Robert. 1974. Anarchy, State, and Utopia. New York: Basic BooksGoogle Scholar
Oberdiek, John. 2008. “Specifying Rights Out of Necessity,” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 28 (1): 127–46.Google Scholar
Olsthoorn, Johan. 2018. Two Ways of Theorising ‘Collective Ownership of the Earth, in Property Theory: Legal and Political Perspectives, James Penner and Michael Otsuka eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 187–214.Google Scholar
Penner, James. 2018. “Rights, Distributed and Undistributed: On the Distributive Justice Implications of Lockean Property Rights, Especially in Land,” in Property Theory: Legal and Political Perspectives, Penner, James and Otsuka, Michael eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 138–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph. 1840/1994. What Is Property? Kelley, Donald R., and Smith, Bonnie G. eds. and trans. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pufendorf, Samuel. 1688/1934. De Jure Naturae et Gentium Libri Octo, Oldfather, C.H., and Oldfather, William Abbott trans. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Radin, Margaret Jane. 1982. “Property and Personhood,” Stanford Law Review 34 (5): 9571015.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, Douglas B., and Den Uyl, Douglas J.. 2005. Norms of Liberty: A Perfectionist Basis for Non-Perfectionist Politics. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Rose, Carol M. 1985. “Possession as the Origin of Property,” University of Chicago Law Review 52 (1): 7388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salter, John. 2005. “Grotius and Pufendorf on the Right of Necessity,” History of Political Thought 26 (2): 284302.Google Scholar
Shiffrin, Seana. 2001. “Lockean Arguments for Private Intellectual Property,” in New Essays in the Legal and Political Theory of Property, Munzer, Stephen R. ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 138–67.Google Scholar
Simmons, A. John. 1992. The Lockean Theory of Rights. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Singer, Joseph William. 2000. Entitlement: The Paradoxes of Property. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Sreenivasan, Gopal. 1995. The Limits of Lockean Rights in Property. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tarlock, A. Dan. 2018. Law of Water Rights and Resources. Eagen, MN: Thomson Reuters.Google Scholar
Tully, James. 1980. A Discourse on Property: John Locke and His Adversaries. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Van Hecke, M.T. 1954. “Injunctions to Remove or Remodel Structures Erected in Violation of Building Restrictions,” Texas Law Review 32 (5): 521–38.Google Scholar
Waldron, Jeremy. 1988. The Right to Private Property. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Widerquist, Karl. 2010. “Lockean Theories of Property: Justifications for Unilateral Appropriation,” Public Reason 2 (1): 326.Google Scholar
Wilson, Bart. J. 2020. The Property Species: Mine, Yours, and the Human Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Ackerman, Bruce A. 1977. Private Property and the Constitution. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
American Law Institute. 1939–46. Restatement (First) of Property. St. Paul, MN: American Law Institute Publishers.Google Scholar
Austin, John. 1832/2018. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined, Campbell, David, and Thomas, Philip eds. Abingdon, VA: Routledge.Google Scholar
Baron, Jane B. 2014. “Rescuing the Bundle-of-Rights Metaphor in Property Law,” University of Cincinnati Law Review 82 (1): 57101.Google Scholar
Becker, Lawrence C. 1992. “Review: Too Much Property,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 21 (2): 196206.Google Scholar
Birks, Peter. 1985. An Introduction to the Law of Restitution. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Blackstone, William. 1765–69/1979. Commentaries on the Laws of England. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Brady, Maureen E. 2016. “Property’s Ceiling: State Courts and the Expansion of Takings Clause Property,” Virginia Law Review 102 (5): 1167–228.Google Scholar
Bruce, Jon W., and Ely, James W. Jr. 1988/2021. The Law of Easements and Licenses in Land, Brading, Edward T. ed. St Paul, MN: Westlaw Thomson Reuters.Google Scholar
Cardozo, Benjamin. 1928. Paradoxes of Legal Science. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Cicero. 45 BC/ 1967. De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, Rackham, H. trans. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Claeys, Eric R. 2009. “Property 101: Is Property a Thing or a Bundle?Seattle University Law Review 32 (3): 617–50.Google Scholar
Claeys, Eric R. 2011. “Exclusion and Exclusivity in Gridlock,” Arizona Law Review 53 (1): 949.Google Scholar
Claeys, Eric R. 2013. “Intellectual Usufructs: Trade Secrets, Hot News, and the Usufructuary Paradigm at Common Law,” in Intellectual Property and the Common Law, Balganesh, Shyamkrishna ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 404–30.Google Scholar
Claeys, Eric R. 2018. “Use and the Function of Property,” American Journal of Jurisprudence 63 (2): 221–58.Google Scholar
Claeys, Eric R. 2019. “Property, Concepts, and Functions,” Boston College Law Review 60 (1):172.Google Scholar
Cohen, Felix S. 1935. “Transcendental Nonsense and the Functional Approach,” Columbia Law Review 35 (6): 809–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowe, Jonathan. 2014. “Law as an Artifact Kind,” Monash University Law Review 40 (3): 737–57.Google Scholar
Dagan, Hanoch. 2011. Property: Values and Institutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
de Soto, Hernando. 2000. The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Dellapenna, Joseph W. 2011/2022. “The Scope of Riparian Rights,” in Kelley ed., Section 6.01.Google Scholar
Dobbs, Dan B. 1993. Law of Remedies: Damages—Equity—Restitution, 2d ed. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Douglas, Simon, and McFarlane, Ben. 2013. “Defining Property Rights,” in Philosophical Foundations of Property Law, Penner, James E. and Smith, Henry E. eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 219–43.Google Scholar
Dukeminier, Jesse et al. 2022. Property, 10th ed. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business.Google Scholar
Ellickson, Robert C. 1993. “Property in Land,” Yale Law Journal 102 (6): 1315–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Essert, Christopher. 2014. “Property in Licenses and the Law of Things,” McGill Law Journal 59 (3): 559–94.Google Scholar
Finnis, John M. 2002. “Natural Law: The Classical Tradition,” in The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law, Coleman, Jules L., Shapiro, Scott J., and Himma, Kenneth Einar eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 160.Google Scholar
Finnis, John M. 2007. “Grounds of Law and Legal Theory: A Response,” Legal Theory 13 (3–4): 315–44.Google Scholar
Finnis, John M. 1980/2011. Natural Law and Natural Rights, 2d ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gergen, Mark, Golden, John M., and Smith, Henry E.. 2012. “The Supreme Court’s Accidental Revolution? The Test for Permanent Injunctions,” Columbia Law Review 112 (2): 203–49.Google Scholar
Glackin, Shane Nicholas. 2014. “Back to Bundles: Deflating Property Rights, Again,” Legal Theory 20 (1): 124.Google Scholar
Grey, Thomas C. 1980. “The Disintegration of Property,” in Nomos XXII: Property, Pennock, James Roland and Chapman, John W. eds. New York: New York University Press, pp. 6985.Google Scholar
Grotius, Hugo. 1625/1962. De Jure Belli ac Pacis Libri Tres, Kelsey, Francis W. trans. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co.Google Scholar
Harris, J.W. 1996. Property and Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hart, H.L.A. 1961/2012. The Concept of Law, 3d ed., Green, Leslie ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Heller, Michael. 2010. The Gridlock Economy: How Too Much Ownership Wrecks Markets, Stops Innovation, and Costs Lives. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Helton, Taiawagi, and Rhett, Larson. 2011/2022. “Elements of Prior Appropriation,” in Waters and Water Rights, 3d ed., Kelley, Amy K. ed. New York: LexisNexis/Matthew Bender, Chapter 12.Google Scholar
Honoré, A.M. 1961. “Ownership,” in Oxford Essays in Jurisprudence, Guest, A.G. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 107–47.Google Scholar
Jefferson, Thomas. 1789/1984. “Letter from Thomas Jefferson to James Madison (Sept. 6, 1789),” in Jefferson: Writings, Peterson, Merrill D. ed. New York: Library Classics of the United States, pp. 959–64.Google Scholar
Johnson, Nicole L. 2007. “Property Without Possession,” Yale Journal on Regulation 24 (2): 205–51.Google Scholar
Katz, Larissa M. 2008. “Exclusion and Exclusivity in Property Law,” University of Toronto Law Journal 58 (3): 275315.Google Scholar
Kent, James. 1826–30/1971. Commentaries on American Law. New York: Da Capo Press.Google Scholar
Lehavi, Amnon. 2013. The Construction of Property: Norms, Institutions, Challenges. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Levi, Edward Hirsch. 2013. Introduction to Legal Reasoning, 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacLeod, Adam J. 2015. Property and Practical Reason. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Merrill, Thomas W. 1998. “Property and the Right to Exclude,” Nebraska Law Review 77 (4): 730–55.Google Scholar
Merrill, Thomas W., and Smith, Henry E.. 2001. “What Happened to Property in Law and Economics?Yale Law Journal 111 (2): 357–98.Google Scholar
Merrill, Thomas W., and Smith, Henry E.. 2010. The Oxford Introductions to U.S. Law: Property. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Merrill, Thomas W. 2014. “Property and the Right to Exclude II,” William and Mary Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Conference Journal 3: 125.Google Scholar
Merrill, Thomas W., Smith, Henry E., and Brady, Maureen E.. 2022. Property: Principles and Policies, 4th ed. St. Paul, MN: Thomson Reuters/Foundation Press.Google Scholar
Miller, Paul. 2021. “The New Formalism in Private Law,” American Journal of Jurisprudence 66 (2): 175238.Google Scholar
Mossoff, Adam. 2003. “What Is Property? Putting the Pieces Back Together,” Arizona Law Review 45 (2): 371443.Google Scholar
Mossoff, Adam. 2018. “Trademark as a Property Right,” Kentucky Law Journal 107 (1): 134.Google Scholar
Munzer, Stephen R. 1990. A Theory of Property. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Munzer, Stephen R. 2013. “Property and Disagreement,” in Philosophical Foundations of Property Law, Penner, James E. and Smith, Henry E. eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 289319.Google Scholar
Murphy, Mark C. 2006. Natural Law in Jurisprudence and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Murphy, Mark C. 2012. “Defect and Deviance in Natural Law Jurisprudence,” in Institutionalized Reason: The Jurisprudence of Robert Alexy, Klatt, Matthias ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 4560.Google Scholar
Murphy, Mark C. 2013. “The Explanatory Role of the Weak Natural Law Thesis,” in Philosophical Foundations of the Nature of Law, Wil, Waluchow and Sciaraffa, Stefan eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 321.Google Scholar
Newman, Christopher M. 2018. “Using Things, Defining Property,” in Property Theory and Legal Perspectives, Michael, Otsuka and Penner, James eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 6998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholas, Barry. 1962. Introduction to Roman Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Penner, J.E. 1996. “The ‘Bundle of Rights’ Picture of Property,” UCLA Law Review 43 (3): 711820.Google Scholar
Penner, J.E. 1997. The Idea of Property in Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Restatement. See entries under “American Law Institute.”Google Scholar
The Return of the Jedi (Lucasfilm 1983).Google Scholar
Ripstein, Arthur. 2013. “Possession and Use,” in Philosophical Foundations of Property Law, James E. Penner and Henry E. Smith eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 156–81.Google Scholar
Searle, John R. 1995. The Construction of Social Reality. New York: Free Press/Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Searle, John R. 2007. “Social Ontology and the Philosophy of Society,” in Creations of the Mind: Artifacts and Their Representation, Eric Margolis and Stephen Laurence eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 3–17.Google Scholar
Smith, Henry E. 2002. “Exclusion Versus Governance: Two Strategies for Delineating Property Rights,” Journal of Legal Studies 31 (2): S453–87.Google Scholar
Smith, Henry E. 2014. “The Thing about Exclusion,” William and Mary Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Conference Journal 3: 95123.Google Scholar
Stern, James Y. 2017. “The Essential Structure of Property Law,” Michigan Law Review 115 (7): 1167–212.Google Scholar
Stoebuck, William B., and Whitman, Dale A. eds. 2000. The Law of Property, 3d ed. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.Google Scholar
Thomasson, Amie L. 2003. “Realism and Human Kinds,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 67 (3): 580609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waldron, Jeremy. 1988. The Right to Private Property. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wiggins, David. 1980. Sameness and Substance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1953/2001. Philosophical Investigations, 3d ed., Anscombe, G.E.M. trans. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Woodcock, Ramsi. 2019. “Legal Realism: Unfinished Business,” Kentucky Law Journal Online 107: 112.Google Scholar
Wyman, Katrina M. 2018. “The New Essentialism in Property,” Journal of Legal Analysis 9 (2): 183246.Google Scholar

References

Alexander, Gregory S. 2009. “The Social-Obligation Norm in American Property Law,” Cornell Law Review 94 (4): 745819.Google Scholar
Alexander, Gregory S. 2018. Property and Human Flourishing. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
American Law Institute. 1965. Restatement (Second) of Torts. St. Paul, MN: American Law Institute Publishers.Google Scholar
Banner, Stuart. 2005. How the Indians Lost Their Land: Law and Power on the Frontier. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Blackstone, William. 1765–69/1979. Commentaries on the Laws of England, Katz, Stanley N. ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Carens, Joseph H. 1987. “Aliens and Citizens: The Case for Open Borders,” Review of Politics 49 (2): 251–73.Google Scholar
Cohen, Felix S. 1947. “Original Indian Title,” Minnesota Law Review 32 (1): 2859.Google Scholar
Cronon, William. 1983. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England. New York: Hill and Wang.Google Scholar
de Laveleye, Émile. 1878/1985. Primitive Property, Marriott, G.R.L. trans., Leslie, T.E. Cliffe ed. Littleton, CO: Fred B. Rothman & Co.Google Scholar
Dukeminier, Jesse et al. eds. 2018. Property, 9th ed. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business.Google Scholar
Ellickson, Robert C. 1986. “Adverse Possession and Perpetuities Law: Two Dents in the Libertarian Model of Property Rights.” Washington University Law Quarterly 64 (3): 723–37.Google Scholar
Ellickson, Robert C. 1989a. “The Case for Coase and Against ‘Coaseanism,’Yale Law Journal 99 (3): 611–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellickson, Robert C. 1989b. “A Hypothesis of Wealth-Maximizing Norms: Evidence from the Whaling Industry,” Journal of Law, Economics & Organization 5 (1): 8397.Google Scholar
Epstein, Richard A. 1979. “Nuisance Law: Corrective Justice and Its Utilitarian Constraints,” Journal of Legal Studies 8 (1): 49102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, Richard A. 1989. “The Utilitarian Foundations of Natural Law,” Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 12 (3): 713–51.Google Scholar
Foner, Eric. 2006. “Purchase and/or Conquest,” London Review of Books 23 (3), February 9, 2006, www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v28/n03/eric-foner/purchase-and-or-conquest (last accessed February 23, 2022).Google Scholar
Freyfogle, Eric T. 2010. “Property and Liberty.” Harvard Environmental Law Review 34 (1): 75118.Google Scholar
Fried, Charles. 1978. Right and Wrong. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordley, James. 2017. “First Possession and the Origin of Property,” in Studi in onore di Antonio Gambaro, Mattei, Ugo et al. eds. Milan: Giuffrè, pp. 672–87.Google Scholar
Kades, Eric. 2000. “The Dark Side of Efficiency: Johnson v. M’Intosh and the Expropriation of American Indian Lands.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 148 (4): 10651190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krier, James E. 2009. “Facts, Information, and the Newly Discovered Record in Pierson v. Post,” Law and History Review 27 (1): 189–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merrill, Thomas W. 2009. “Accession and Original Ownership,” Journal of Legal Analysis 1 (2): 459510.Google Scholar
Merrill, Thomas W., Smith, Henry E., and Brady, Maureen E.. 2022. Property: Principles and Policies, 4th ed. St. Paul, MN: Foundation Press.Google Scholar
Miller, Robert J., Ruru, Jacinta, Behrendt, Larissa, and Lindberg, Tracey. 2010. Discovering Indigenous Lands: The Doctrine of Discovery in the English Colonies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Morriss, Andrew P. 1999. “Review of Jesse Dukeminier & James E. Krier, Property (4th ed. 1998),” Seattle University Law Review 22 (4): 9971011.Google Scholar
Murphy, Liam, and Nagel, Thomas. 2002. The Myth of Ownership: Taxes and Justice. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Nozick, Robert. 1974. Anarchy, State, and Utopia. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Powell, Richard R. 1949. The Law of Real Property. New York: Matthew Bender & Co.Google Scholar
Radin, Margaret Jane. 1993. Reinterpreting Property. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Restatement. See entries under “American Law Institute.”Google Scholar
Robertson, Lindsay G. 2005. Conquest by Law: How the Discovery of America Dispossessed Indigenous People of Their Lands. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rothbard, Murray N. 1982. “Law, Property Rights, and Air Pollution,” Cato Journal 2 (1): 5599.Google Scholar
Seidman, Louis Michael. 2022. “America’s Racial Stain: The Taint Argument and the Limits of Constitutional Law and Argument,” American Journal of Law and Equality 2: 165–89.Google Scholar
Shoked, Nadav. 2014. “The Duty to Maintain,” Duke Law Journal 64 (3): 437513.Google Scholar
Singer, Joseph William. 2000. Entitlement: The Paradoxes of Property. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Singer, Joseph William. 2017. “Indian Title: Unraveling the Racial Context of Property Rights, or How to Stop Engaging in Conquest,” Albany Government Law Review 10 (1): 148.Google Scholar
Somin, Ilya. 2020. Free to Move: Foot Voting, Migration, and Political Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sreenivasan, Gopal. 1995. The Limits of Lockean Rights in Property. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Stake, Jeffery A. 2001. “The Uneasy Case for Adverse Possession,” Georgetown Law Journal 89 (8): 2419–74.Google Scholar
Strahilevitz, Lior. 2005. “The Right to Destroy,” Yale Law Journal 114 (4): 781854.Google Scholar
Sullivan, Ronald. 1970. “Two Poverty Aides Seized at Jersey Migrants’ Camp,” New York Times, August 8, 1970, p. 19.Google Scholar
Tarcov, Nathan. 1984. Locke’s Education for Liberty. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Waldron, Jeremy. 1988. The Right to Private Property. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Waldron, Jeremy. 2005. “Nozick and Locke: Filling the Space of Rights,” Social Philosophy & Policy 22 (1): 81110.Google Scholar
Waldron, Jeremy. 2012. The Rule of Law and the Measure of Property. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, William D. 2005. “Book Review: Lindsay G. Robertson, Conquest by Law: How the Discovery of America Dispossessed Indigenous Peoples of Their Lands,” American Indian Law Review 29 (2): 447–51.Google Scholar
West, Thomas G. 2017. The Political Theory of the American Founding: Natural Rights, Public Policy, and the Moral Conditions of Freedom. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, Jr., and Robert, A. 1990. The American Indian in Western Legal Thought: The Discourses of Conquest. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolff, Jonathan. 2006. “Libertarianism, Utility, and Economic Competition,” Virginia Law Review 92 (7): 1605–23.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×