We established sufficient conditions for the oscillation of all solutions of the delay differential equation

and of the neutral delay differential equation

where p, q, r and a are nonnegative constants and n is an odd natural number.

Let G be a graph and ζ(G) be the greatest integer n such that every set of n points in G lies on a cycle [8]. It is clear that ζ(G)≥2 for 2-connected planar graphs. Moreover, it is easy to construct arbitrarily large 2-connected planar graphs for which ζ=2. On the other hand, by a well-known theorem of Tutte [5], [6], if G is planar and 4-connected, it has a Hamiltonian cycle, i.e., ζ(G)=|V(G)| for all 4-connected (and hence for all 5-connected) planar graphs.

In the first part of this article we recall the definition and a few basic properties of convex functionals defined on a space of bounded measures. In the second part we show several results of approximation of the following type: Although a measure μ cannot be approximated in the sense of the norm by smooth functions, we can find an appropriate sequence of smooth functions which converge weakly to the measure μ, the corresponding value of the functional converging to the value of the functional at μ.

This article is part of a series on the existence theory of solution of variational problems of mechanics (perfect plasticity), which is based on a systematic utilization of the methods of convex analysis and the calculus of variations.

We give examples to show that unlike generalized free products of groups (g.f.p.) polygonal products of finitely generated (f.g.) nilpotent groups with cyclic amalgamations need not be residually finite (R) and polygonal products of finite p-groups with cyclic amalgamations need not be residually nilpotent. However, polygonal products f.g. abelian groups are R, and under certain conditions polygonal products of finite p-groups with cyclic amalgamations are R.

Unlike the (classical) Kolakoski sequence on the alphabet {1, 2}, its analogue on {1, 3} can be related to a primitive substitution rule. Using this connection, we prove that the corresponding bi-infinite fixed point is a regular generic model set and thus has a pure point diffraction spectrum. The Kolakoski-(3, 1) sequence is then obtained as a deformation, without losing the pure point diffraction property.

Soit GLn (υ) le groupe des matrices inversibles n × n sur υ et soit SLn (υ) le groupe des matrices n × n de déterminant 1 sur υ. Lorsque υ est un anneau local avec idéal maximal p, W. Klingenberg (Amer. J. Math. 1961) a classifié les sous-groupes normaux de GLn(υ) et de SLn(υ) au moyen de certains groupes de congruences déterminés par les idéaux de o, sauf lorsque n = 2 et 2 ∊ p ou υ/p = 𝔽3. Ces cas furent étudiés par N. H. J. Lacroix (Can. J. Math. 1969) qui trouva (lorsque υ/p≠𝔽2) la même classification pour les sous-groupes normaux de GL2(υ) ; sa méthode donne simultanément la même classification également pour les sous-groupes normaux de SL2(υ) si l'anneau o satisfait à une forte condition appelée Propriété T.

Au cours de cette note, nous précisons que les sous-groupes normaux de SL2(υ) obéissent à la classification de Klingenberg si et seulement si υ a la Propriété T. Par la suite nous montrons qu'en l'absence de cette condition, l'on n'a pas de vraie classification basée sur les transvections. Divers résultats sur les sous-groupes normaux illustrent ce qu'on peut attendre d'une entreprise visant à décrire les sous-groupes normaux de SL2(υ) en l'absence de la Propriété T.

If A and B are disjoint ideals on ω, there is a tower preserving σ-centered forcing which introduces a subset of ω which meets every infinite member of A in an infinite set and is almost disjoint fromeverymember of B. We can then produce a model in which all compact separable radial spaces are Fréchet, thus answering a question of P. Nyikos. The question of the existence of compact ccc radial spaces which are not Fréchet was first asked by Chertanov (see [Arh78]).

The main object of this paper is to show that the existence of a particular kind of isomorphism between the integral group rings of two finite groups implies that the groups themselves are isomorphic. The proof employs certain types of linear forms which are first discussed in general. These linear forms are in some way related to the bilinear forms used by Weidmann [3] in showing that groups with isomorphic character rings have the same character table, and a shorter and, in a sense, more natural proof of this result is included here as another application of these linear forms.

In [3, p. 77] Ryser notes the importance of the minimum of the permanent function on the class of (0, 1)-matrices having exactly k ones in each row and column. In [4] a lower bound was found for the minimum of the permanent on the class Λn of n × n (0, 1)-matrices with exactly three l's in each row and column. The purpose of our work is to improve this result, in particular we show that minA ∊ Λn (per A) ≥ 3(n-1).

Many problems in mathematical physics can be formulated as differential equations of second order in time:

with V a convex functional. This is the Euler equation for the Lagrangian

which is convex with respect to x, and concave with respect to x.

We examine the convergence and analytic properties of a continued fraction of Ramanujan and its connection to the orthogonal polynomials of Meixner-Pollaczek.

Z. Opial [11] proved in 1960 the following theorem:

Theorem 1. If u is a continuously differentiable function on [0, b], and if u(0)= u(b)=0 and u(x) > 0 for x ∊ (0, b), then

1

where the constant b/4 is the best possible.

In what follows we shall mean by a plane convex body K a compact convex subset of the Euclidean plane having nonempty interior. We shall denote by h (K, θ) the supporting function of K restricted to the unit circle. This measures the signed distances from the origin to the supporting line of K with outward normal (cos θ, sin θ). The right hand and left hand derivatives of h (K, θ) exist everywhere and are equal except on a countable set.

In this paper, we are going to investigate the canonical property of solutions of systems of differential equations having a singularity and turning point of even order. First, by a replacement, we transform the system to the Sturm–Liouville equation with turning point. Using of the asymptotic estimates provided by Eberhard, Freiling, and Schneider for a special fundamental system of solutions of the Sturm–Liouville equation, we study the infinite product representation of solutions of the systems. Then we transform the Sturm–Liouville equation with turning point to the equation with singularity, then we study the asymptotic behavior of its solutions. Such representations are relevant to the inverse spectral problem.

In [7], Hedstrom and Houston introduce a type of quasilocal integral domain, therein dubbed a pseudo-valuation domain (for short, a PVD), which possesses many of the ideal-theoretic properties of valuation domains. For the reader′s convenience and reference purposes, Proposition 2.1 lists some of the ideal-theoretic characterizations of PVD′s given in [7]. As the terminology suggests, any valuation domain is a PVD. Since valuation domains may be characterized as the quasilocal domains of weak global dimension at most 1, a homological study of PVD's seems appropriate. This note initiates such a study by establishing (see Theorem 2.3) that the only possible weak global dimensions of a PVD are 0, 1, 2 and ∞. One upshot (Corollary 3.4) is that a coherent PVD cannot have weak global dimension 2: hence, none of the domains of weak global dimension 2 which appear in [10, Section 5.5] can be a PVD.

It is shown that a 3rd-Engel group is an extension of a soluble group by a group of exponent 5.

In this paper we characterize $K$-contact semi-Riemannian manifolds and Sasakian semi-Riemannian manifolds in terms of curvature. Moreover, we show that any conformally flat $K$-contact semi-Riemannian manifold is Sasakian and of constant sectional curvature $\kappa \,=\,\varepsilon$, where $\varepsilon \,=\,\pm 1$ denotes the causal character of the Reeb vector field. Finally, we give some results about the curvature of a $K$-contact Lorentzian manifold.

In classical information theory, the amount of information provided by an experiment is measured by a function of the probability distribution of the outcomes of the experiment. In this paper, information measures are functions of sequences of elements of a monoid (S, ∘) with identity e. It is assumed that the measures {μn: Sn → ℝ} of information are branching.

Applying the Sullivan conjecture we construct compacta of certain cohomological and extensional dimensions.

It has been shown that a holomorphic function $f$ in the unit ball ${{\mathbb{B}}_{n}}$ of ${{\mathbb{C}}_{n}}$ belongs to the weighted Bergman space $A_{\alpha }^{p},\,p\,>\,n\,+\,1\,+\alpha $, if and only if the function $\left| f(z)\,-\,f(w) \right|/\left| 1\,-\,\left\langle z,\,w \right\rangle \right|$ is in ${{L}^{p}}({{\mathbb{B}}_{n}}\,\times \,{{\mathbb{B}}_{n}},\,d{{v}_{\beta }}\,\times \,d{{v}_{\beta }})$, where $\beta \,=\,(p\,+\,\alpha \,-\,n\,-\,1)/2$ and $d{{v}_{\beta }}(z)\,=\,{{(1\,-\,{{\left| z \right|}^{2}})}^{\beta }}\,dv(z)$. In this paper we consider the range $0\,<\,p\,<\,n\,+\,1\,+\,\alpha $ and show that in this case, $f\,\in \,A_{\alpha }^{p}\,(\text{i})$ (i) if and only if the function $\left| f(z)\,-\,f(w) \right|/\left| 1\,-\,\left\langle z,\,w \right\rangle \right|$ is in ${{L}^{p}}({{\mathbb{B}}_{n}}\,\times \,{{\mathbb{B}}_{n}},\,d{{v}_{\alpha }}\,\times \,d{{v}_{\alpha }})$, (ii) if and only if the function $\left| f(z)\,-\,f(w) \right|/\left| z\,-\,w \right|$ is in ${{L}^{p}}({{\mathbb{B}}_{n}}\,\times \,{{\mathbb{B}}_{n}},\,d{{v}_{\alpha }}\,\times \,d{{v}_{\alpha }})$. We think the revealed difference in the weights for the double integrals between the cases $0\,<\,p\,<\,n\,+\,1\,+\,\alpha $ and $p\,>\,n\,+\,1\,+\,\alpha $ is particularly interesting.