Involution Schubert polynomials represent cohomology classes of K-orbit closures in the complete flag variety, where K is the orthogonal or symplectic group. We show they also represent $\mathsf {T}$ -equivariant cohomology classes of subvarieties defined by upper-left rank conditions in the spaces of symmetric or skew-symmetric matrices. This geometry implies that these polynomials are positive combinations of monomials in the variables $x_i + x_j$ , and we give explicit formulas of this kind as sums over new objects called involution pipe dreams. Our formulas are analogues of the Billey–Jockusch–Stanley formula for Schubert polynomials. In Knutson and Miller’s approach to matrix Schubert varieties, pipe dream formulas reflect Gröbner degenerations of the ideals of those varieties, and we conjecturally identify analogous degenerations in our setting.

Pierre Barrucand asks the following question (Unsolved Problems, # ASI 88:04, Banff, May 1988, Richard K. Guy, Ed.; also [2, p. 594]). Let K be a cyclic quartic field, and let ξ be a non-square element of K. Let M be the Galois closure of , and let G be the Galois group Gal(M/Q). Find (1) all possible G, (2) conditions on ξ to have such a G, and (3) a list of all possible subfields of M.

Let R be a commutative ring, C a finite abelian group, S a Galois extension of R with group C, in the sense of [1]. Viewing S as an RC-module defines the Picard invariant map [4] from the Harrison group Gal (R, C) of isomorphism classes of Galois extensions of R with group C to CI (RC), the class group of RC. The image of the Picard invariant map is known to be contained in the subgroup h Cl (RC) of primitive elements of CI (RC) (for definition see below). Characterizing the image of the Picard invariant map has been of some interest, for the image describes the extent of failure of Galois extensions to have normal bases.

Let R be the ring of integers of an algebraic number field K.

In Kiukas, Lahti, and Ylinen (2006, Journal of Mathematical Physics 47, 072104), the authors asked the following general question. When is a positive operator measure projection valued? A version of this question formulated in terms of operator moments was posed in Pietrzycki and Stochel (2021, Journal of Functional Analysis 280, 109001). Let T be a self-adjoint operator, and let F be a Borel semispectral measure on the real line with compact support. For which positive integers $p< q$ do the equalities $T^k =\int _{\mathbb {R}} x^k F(\mathrm {d\hspace {.1ex}} x)$, $k=p, q$, imply that F is a spectral measure? In the present paper, we completely solve the second problem. The answer is affirmative if $p$ is odd and $q$ is even, and negative otherwise. The case $(p,q)=(1,2)$ closely related to intrinsic noise operator was solved by several authors including Kruszyński and de Muynck, as well as Kiukas, Lahti, and Ylinen. The counterpart of the second problem concerning the multiplicativity of unital positive linear maps on $C^*$-algebras is also provided.

1. The Frattini and Fitting subgroups of a finite group G have been useful subgroups in establishing necessary and sufficient conditions for G to be solvable. In [1, pp. 657-658, Theorem 1], Baer used these subgroups to establish several very interesting equivalent conditions for G to be solvable. One of Baer's conditions is that ϕ(S), the Frattini subgroup of S, is a proper subgroup of F(S), the Fitting subgroup of S, for each subgroup S ≠ 1 of G. Using the Fitting subgroup and generalized Frattini subgroups of certain subgroups of G we provide certain equivalent conditions for G to be a solvable group. One such condition is that F(S) is not a generalized Frattini subgroup of S for each subgroup S ≠ 1 of G. Our results are given in Theorem 1.

Throughout this paper V will denote an Archimedean Riesz space with a weak unit e and a zero element θ. A sequence f1,f2,f3, … of points of V is said to converge relatively uniformly to a point f (with regulator the point g of V) if, for each ∈ > 0, there is a number N such that, if n is a positive integer and n > N, then |f — fn| < ∈g. In an Archimedean Riesz space a relatively uniformly convergent sequence has a unique limit. The sequence f1, f2, f3, … is called a relatively uniform Cauchy sequence (with regulator g) if, for each ∈ > 0, there is a number N such that if n and m are positive integers and n, m > N, then |fn — fm| < eg. A subset M of V is said to be sequentially relatively uniformly complete, written s.r.u.-complete, whenever every relatively uniform Cauchy sequence of points of M (with regulator in V) converges to a point of M. This property was defined by Luxemburg and Moore in [4] and some related conditions were derived.

Let be a Hilbert space with inner product (•, •) and let E(•) and E0(•) be spectral measures in corresponding to self-adjoint operators and . In this paper we consider the set function ƒ(I × J) = E(I)E0(J) defined on the semiring of bounded rectangles, and obtain an integral representation for this set function for disjoint I, J under the hypotheses that H — H0 is a type of Carleman operator.

Let P be an IP-set of integers namely for a certain sequence The main questions studied here are : (1) Under what conditions on (an) is Pα dense modulo 1 for every irrational α? (2) Under what conditions on (an) is Pα (considered as a sequence ordered in a way to be subsequently defined) uniformly distributed modulo 1 for every irrational α?

We introduce interpolated multiple Hurwitz polylogs and interpolated multiple Hurwitz zeta values. In addition, we discuss the generating functions for the sum of the polylogs/zeta values of fixed weight, depth, and all heights. The functions are expressed in terms of generalized hypergeometric functions. Compared with the pioneering results of Ohno and Zagier on the generating function, our setup generalizes the results in three directions, namely, at general heights, with a t-interpolation, and as a Hurwitz type. As an application, by fixing the Hurwitz parameter to rational numbers, the generating functions for multiple zeta values with level are given.

Let K be a number field. For which primes p does there exist an elliptic curve $E / K$ admitting a K-rational p-isogeny? Although we have an answer to this question over the rationals, extending this to other number fields is a fundamental open problem in number theory. In this paper, we study this question in the case that K is a quadratic field, subject to the assumption that E is semistable at the primes of K above p. We prove results both for families of quadratic fields and for specific quadratic fields.

For $\delta \ge 1$ and $n\ge 1$, consider the simplicial complex of graphs on $n$ vertices in which each vertex has degree at most $\delta$; we identify a given graph with its edge set and admit one loop at each vertex. This complex is of some importance in the theory of semigroup algebras. When $\delta =1$, we obtain the matching complex, for which it is known that there is 3-torsion in degree $d$ of the homology whenever $\left( n-4 \right)/3\le d\le \left( n-6 \right)/2$. This paper establishes similar bounds for $\delta \ge 2$. Specifically, there is 3-torsion in degree $d$ whenever

$$\frac{\left( 3\delta -1 \right)n-8}{6}\le d\le \frac{\delta \left( n-1 \right)-4}{2}.$$

The procedure for detecting torsion is to construct an explicit cycle $z$ that is easily seen to have the property that $3z$ is a boundary. Defining a homomorphism that sends $z$ to a non-boundary element in the chain complex of a certain matching complex, we obtain that $z$ itself is a non-boundary. In particular, the homology class of $z$ has order 3.

1. We will use the terminology of part I [9], including the general assumptions of [9, § 1]. In that paper we had proved that |R, λ, κ| = |C, λ, κ| in case that κ is an integer. Now, we turn to non-integral orders κ.

As to ordinary summation, the following inclusion relations (in the customary sense; see [9, end of § 1]) for non-integral κ have been established so far. (Since we are comparing Riesz methods of the same type λ and order κ only, (R, λ, κ) is written (R), etc., for the moment.) (R) ⊆ (C) is a result by Borwein and Russell [2]. (C) ⊆ (R) was proved by Jurkat [3] in the case 0 < κ < 1, and, after Borwein [1], it holds in the case 1 < κ < 2 if

(1)

(2)

(i.e. decreases in the wide sense).

We compare crystal combinatorics of the level $2$ Fock space with the classification of unitary irreducible representations of type B rational Cherednik algebras to study how unitarity behaves under parabolic restriction. We show that the crystal operators that remove boxes preserve the combinatorial conditions for unitarity, and that the parabolic restriction functors categorifying the crystals send irreducible unitary representations to unitary representations. Furthermore, we find the supports of the unitary representations.

We investigate the problem of whether every immersed flat plane in a nonpositively curved square complex is the limit of periodic flat planes. Using a branched cover, we reduce the problem to the case of $\mathcal{V}\mathcal{H}$-complexes. We solve the problem for malnormal and cyclonormal $\mathcal{V}\mathcal{H}$-complexes. We also solve the problem for complete square complexes using a different approach. We give an application towards deciding whether the elements of fundamental groups of the spaces we study have commuting powers. We note a connection between the flat approximation problem and subgroup separability.

The main result of this paper is the following regularity result:

THEOREM. Let D ⊂ CNbe a bounded, strongly pseudoconvex domain with bD of class Ck, k ≧ 3. Let Σ ⊂ bD be an N-dimensional totally real submanifold, and let f ∊ A(D) satisfy |f| = 1 on Σ, |f| < 1 on. If Σ is of class Cr, 3 ≦ r < k, then the restriction fΣ = f|Σ of f to Σ is of class Cr − 0, and if Σ is of class Ck, then fΣ is of class Ck − 1.

Here, of course, A(D) denotes the usual space of functions continuous on , holomorphic on D, and we shall denote by Ak(D), k = 1, 2, …, the space of functions holomorphic on D whose derivatives or order k lie in A(D).

Le but de cet article est de montrer qu'il n'y a pas de relation étroite entre ces trois concepts.

Soit K une partie compacte du plan complexe fini, et soit A(K) (resp. a(K)) l'ensemble des fonctions continues sur K et holomorphes (resp. harmoniques) à l'intérieur K0 de K. Nous dirons que K est un ensemble d'approximation holomorphe (resp. harmonique) si toute fonction de A(K) (resp. a(K)) peut être approchée uniformément sur K par des fonctions holomorphes (resp. harmoniques) sur K, i.e., dans un voisinage de K.

Pour un voisinage fixé Ω de K, le théorème de Mergelian nous donne des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes, purement topologiques, pour que toute fonction de A(K) puisse être approchée uniformément sur K par des fonctions holomorphes dans Ω. D'autre part, on sait (par exemple [4]) qu'il n'est pas possible de caractériser topologiquement les ensembles d'approximation holomorphe.

Using probabilistic tools, we prove that any weak* continuous semigroup $(T_t)_{t \geqslant 0}$ of self-adjoint unital completely positive measurable Schur multipliers acting on the space $\mathrm {B}({\mathrm {L}}^2(X))$ of bounded operators on the Hilbert space ${\mathrm {L}}^2(X)$, where X is a suitable measure space, can be dilated by a weak* continuous group of Markov $*$-automorphisms on a bigger von Neumann algebra. We also construct a Markov dilation of these semigroups. Our results imply the boundedness of the McIntosh’s ${\mathrm {H}}^\infty $ functional calculus of the generators of these semigroups on the associated Schatten spaces and some interpolation results connected to ${\mathrm {BMO}}$-spaces. We also give an answer to a question of Steen, Todorov, and Turowska on completely positive continuous Schur multipliers.

This paper considers the properties of the representation of a Lie algebra when restricted to an ideal, the subduced* representation of the ideal. This point of view leads to new forms for irreducible representations of Lie algebras, once the concept of matrices of invariance is developed. This concept permits us to show that irreducible representations of a Lie algebra, over an algebraically closed field, can be expressed as a Lie-Kronecker product whose factors are associated with the representation subduced on an ideal. Conversely, if one has such factors, it is shown that they can be put together to give an irreducible representation of the Lie algebra. A valuable guide to this work was supplied by a paper of Clifford (1).