Dans ce travail, nous construisons des solutions pour une certaine classe d'équations semi-linéaires complexes dans le plan. Plus précisément on considère prés d'un point XQde R2 l'équation

où Pest un opérateur différentiel d'ordre m(m≧ 1) à coefficients C∞ complexes, et o ù ƒest à valeurs complexes, analytique en et seulement C∞ en x.En supposant alors que Pest de type principal près de xoet vérifie la condition de Nirenberg-Trêves sous elliptique (que nous noterons ((P), voir [5]), nous construisons une solution locale de (*), de classe C∞ (Théorème 2.1).

Ce résultat échappe évidemment aux théorèmes classiques d'existence de Hamilton-Jacobi et de Cauchy-Kowalevsky.

The problem of spectral analysis of non-self-adjoint (and non-normal) operators has received considerable attention recently. Livšic (5), and more recently Brodskii and Livšic (1) have considered operators on Hilbert space with completely continuous imaginary parts. Dunford (3) has generalized the notion of spectral measure and defined a class of spectral operators on Hilbert and Banach space. Schwartz (8) and Rota (7) have investigated conditions under which a differential operator will be spectral. The work of Naimark (6) and the author (4) on non-self-adjoint differential operators leads to an expansion theorem which implicitly defines a type of spectral measure. However the projections involved in this will not in general be bounded, much less uniformly bounded.

We construct bivariate polynomial approximations of the Lerch function that for certain specialisations of the variables and parameters turn out to be Hermite–Padé approximants either of the polylogarithms or of Hurwitz zeta functions. In the former case, we recover known results, while in the latter the results are new and generalise some recent works of Beukers and Prévost. Finally, we make a detailed comparison of our work with Beukers’. Such constructions are useful in the arithmetical study of the values of the Riemann zeta function at integer points and of the Kubota–Leopold $p$ -adic zeta function.

Let $p$ be a prime, and let $f:\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}\to \mathbb{R}$ be a function with $\mathbb{E}f=0$ and $||\hat{f}|{{|}_{1}}\le 1$. Then ${{\min }_{x\in \mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}}}|f\left( x \right)|=O{{\left( \log p \right)}^{-1/3+\in }}$. One should think of $f$ as being “approximately continuous”; our result is then an “approximate intermediate value theorem”.

As an immediate consequence we show that if $A\subseteq \mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$ is a set of cardinality $\left\lfloor {p}/{2}\; \right\rfloor $, then ${{\sum }_{r}}\widehat{|\,{{1}_{A}}}\left( r \right)|\gg {{\left( \log p \right)}^{1/3-\in }}$. This gives a result on a “$\,\bmod \,p$” analogue of Littlewood's well-known problem concerning the smallest possible ${{L}^{1}}$-norm of the Fourier transform of a set of $n$ integers.

Another application is to answer a question of Gowers. If $A\,\subseteq \,{\mathbb{Z}}/{p\mathbb{Z}}\;$ is a set of size $\left\lfloor {p}/{2}\; \right\rfloor $, then there is some $x\,\in \,\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$ such that

$$||A\cap \left( A+x \right)\,-\,p/4|\,=o\left( p \right).$$

In 1964, L. J. Herbst (3) introduced the generalized spectral density Function

1

for a non-stationary process {X(t)} denned by

1

where {η(t)} is a real Gaussian stationary process of discrete parameter and independent variates, the (a;)'s and (σj)'s being constants, the latter, which are ordered in time, having their moduli less than a positive number M.

Subadditivity, sublinearity, submultiplicativity, and other conditions are considered for spectra of pairs of operators on a Hilbert space. Sublinearity, for example, is a weakening of the well-known property $L$ and means $\sigma (A\,+\,\lambda B)\,\subseteq \,\sigma (A)\,+\,\lambda \sigma (B)$ for all scalars $\lambda$. The effect of these conditions is examined on commutativity, reducibility, and triangularizability of multiplicative semigroups of operators. A sample result is that sublinearity of spectra implies simultaneous triangularizability for a semigroup of compact operators.

Various problems concerning the general theory of centralizers of modules which are not assumed to be completely reducible have been discussed by Fitting (3), Brauer (2), and Nakayama. In this paper we present a new approach to some of these questions, which has its origin in Weyl's discussion (15) of the centralizer of a finite group of collineations.

The purpose of this paper is to consider, in rings with involution, the structure of those subrings which are invariant under Lie commutation with [K, K]. Our goal is to find conditions which force such subrings to contain a noncentral ideal of the ring. Of course, the subring itself may lie in the center. Orders in 4 × 4 matrix rings over fields are known to provide examples of invariant subrings which are not central and contain no ideal (see [1, 40] or [5]). Except for subdirect products of these two kinds of “counter-examples”, we show that in semi-prime rings, invariant subrings do contain noncentral ideals. This generalizes work of Herstein [4] in two directions by considering semi-prime rings rather than simple rings, and by using [K, K] instead of K.

1.1. Definition. Let λ ≡ λ(ω) be continuous, differentiable, and monotonic increasing in (0, ∞) and let it tend to infinity as ω → ∞. Suppose that ∑ an (we write ∑ for throughout the present paper) is a given infinite series and let

The series ∑ an is said to be summable |R, λ, r|, where r > 0, if

where A is a fixed positive number (6, Definition B). Now, for r > 0, m < ω < m + 1,

Hence, ∑ an is summable |R, λ, r|, where r > 0, if

In many basic linear algebra texts it is shown that various classes of square matrices (normal, positive, invertible) possess square roots. In this note we characterize those n × n matrices with complex entries which possess at least one square root without any restriction on the class of root or matrix involved. We then use this characterization to obtain asymptotic estimates for the relative profusion of such matrices.

In Section 1 we characterize those n × n matrices with entries in C (or any algebraically complete field) which have square roots over C. This characterization is in terms of similarity classes. In Section 2 we give asymptotic estimates for the number of Jordan forms of nilpotent n × n matrices which are squares. Section 3 is given over to numerical results concerning the actual and asymptotic frequency of such forms.

Permutation products and their various “fat diagonal” subspaces are studied from the topological and geometric points of view. We describe in detail the stabilizer and orbit stratifications related to the permutation action, producing a sharp upper bound for its depth and then paying particular attention to the geometry of the diagonal stratum. We exhibit an expression for the fundamental group of any permutation product of a connected space $X$ having the homotopy type of a CW complex in terms of ${{\pi }_{1}}(X)$ and ${{H}_{1}}(X;\,\mathbb{Z})$. We then prove that the fundamental group of the configuration space of $n$-points on $X$, of which multiplicities do not exceed $n/2$, coincides with ${{H}_{1}}(X;\,\mathbb{Z})$. Further results consist in giving conditions for when fat diagonal subspaces of manifolds can be manifolds again. Various examples and homological calculations are included.

S(X) is the semigroup under composition of all continuous selfmaps of the topological space X. For certain spaces X and Y we classify completely the homomorphisms from S(X) into S(Y). An application of the main result to S(I) the semigroup of all continuous selfmaps of the closed unit interval I results in the solution of a problem which was suggested in the closing paragraph of [6].

The main result of this paper establishes the existence and uniqueness of integral representations of KMS functionals on nuclear *- algebras. Our first result is about representations of *-algebras by means of operators having a common dense domain in a Hilbert space. We show, under certain regularity conditions, that (Powers) self-adjoint representations of a nuclear *-algebra, which admit a direct integral decomposition, disintegrate into representations which are almost all self-adjoint. We then define and study the class of self-derivative algebras. All algebras with an identity are in this class and many other examples are given. We show that if is a self-derivative algebra with an equicontinuous approximate identity, the cone of all positive forms on is isomorphic to the cone of all positive invariant kernels on These in turn correspond bijectively to the invariant Hilbert subspaces of the dual space This shows that if is a nuclear -space, the positive cone of has bounded order intervals, which implies that each positive form on has an integral representation in terms of the extreme generators of the cone. Given a continuous exponentially bounded one-parameter group of *-automorphisms of we can define the subcone of all invariant positive forms satisfying the KMS condition. Central functionals can be viewed as KMS functionals with respect to a trivial group action. Assuming that is a self-derivative algebra with an equicontinuous approximate identity, we show that the face generated by a self-adjoint KMS functional is a lattice. If is moreover a nuclear *-algebra the previous results together imply that each self-adjoint KMS functional has a unique integral representation by means of extreme KMS functionals almost all of which are self-adjoint.

We prove that for a topological operad $P$ the operad of oriented cubical singular chains, $C_{*}^{^{\text{ord}}}(P)$, and the operad of simplicial singular chains, ${{S}_{*}}(P)$, are weakly equivalent. As a consequence, $C_{*}^{^{\text{ord}}}(P;\,\mathbb{Q})$ is formal if and only if ${{S}_{*}}(P;\,\mathbb{Q})$ is formal, thus linking together some formality results which are spread out in the literature. The proof is based on an acyclic models theorem for monoidal functors. We give different variants of the acyclic models theorem and apply the contravariant case to study the cohomology theories for simplicial sets defined by $R$-simplicial differential graded algebras.

Our main result is a Tauberian theorem for the general Euler-Borel summability method. Examples of the method include the discrete Borel, Euler, Meyer- Kônig, Taylor and Karamata methods. Every function/ analytic on the closed unit disk and satisfying some general conditions generates such a method, denoted by (£,ƒ). For instance the function ƒ(z) = exp(z — 1) generates the discrete Borel method. To each such function ƒ corresponds an even positive integer p = p(f).We show that if a sequence (sn)is summable (E,f)and as n→ ∞ m > n, (m— n)n-p(f)→0, then (sn)is convergent. If the Maclaurin coefficients of/ are nonnegative, then p(f) =2. In this case we may replace the condition . This generalizes the Tauberian theorems for Borel summability due to Hardy and Littlewood, and R. Schmidt. We have also found new examples of the method and proved that the exponent —p(f)in the Tauberian condition (*) is the best possible.

A combinatorial interpretation of Schur functions in terms of Young tableaux is well-known. (For example, see Littlewood [1] or Thomas [4]). The purpose of this paper is to present a combinatorial interpretation of the wreath product (or plethysm) of two Schur functions.

We prove a Torelli theorem for the moduli space of semistable parabolic Higgs bundles over a smooth complex projective algebraic curve under the assumption that the parabolic weight systemis generic. When the genus is at least two, using this result we also prove a Torelli theoremfor the moduli space of semistable parabolic bundles of rank at least two with generic parabolic weights. The key input in the proofs is a method of J.C. Hurtubise.

Mahler's measure is a natural generalization of Jensen's formula to polynomials in several variables. Its definition is as follows:

The importance of Mahler's measure for polynomials in several variables lies in its connection to Lehmer's classical question which can be phrased in terms of Mahler's measure for polynomials in one variable:

Given , are there any polynomials p with integer coefficients in one variable for which ?

Surprisingly, Boyd [1] has shown that to answer this question, it is necessary to investigate the larger question involving polynomials in several variables.

Suppose that G1 and G2 are two locally compact Hausdorff groups with identity elements e and e’ and with respective left Haar measures dx and dy. Let 1 ≦ p ≦ ∞, and Lp(Gi) be the usual Lebesgue space over Gi formed relative to left Haar measure on Gi. We denote by M(Gi) the space of Radon measures, and by Mbd(Gi) the space of bounded Radon measures on Gi. If a ϵ Gi we write ϵa for the Dirac measure at the point a. Cc(Gi) will denote the space of continuous, complex-valued functions on Gi with compact supports, whilst Cc+ (Gi) will denote that subset of Cc(Gi) consisting of those functions which are real-valued and non-negative.

For complex projective manifolds we introduce polar homology groups, which are holomorphic analogues of the homology groups in topology. The polar $k$-chains are subvarieties of complex dimension $k$ with meromorphic forms on them, while the boundary operator is defined by taking the polar divisor and the Poincaré residue on it. One can also define the corresponding analogues for the intersection and linking numbers of complex submanifolds, which have the properties similar to those of the corresponding topological notions.