We show that if {ak}k is bounded then for almost every 0 < x < 1 where is the dyadic expansion of x. It is also shown that almost everywhere where p > 1 is any fixed integer.

Two characterisations are obtained for a gamma mixture distribution. The first is a generalisation of a result of Engel, Zijlstra and Philips [4] and the second based on Gumbel's bivariate exponential distribution. The two characterisatio are of direct relevance to some practical problems.

The basic properties of polytopes and their faces are derived from a set of axioms which are satisfied, in particular, by polytopes in Euclidean, hyperbolic or (hemi-)spherical space. The underlying space is not assumed to be either dense or unbounded.

Let S be an inverse semigroup and let F be a subring of the complex field containing 1 and closed under complex conjugation. This paper concerns the existence of trace functions on F[S], the semigroup algebra of S over F. Necessary and sufficient conditions on S are found for the existence of a trace function on F[S] that takes positive integral values on the idempotents of S. Although F[S] does not always admit a trace function, a weaker form of linear functional is shown to exist for all choices of S. This is used to show that the natural involution on F[S] is special. It also leads to the construction of a trace function on F[S] for the case in which F is the real or complex field and S is completely semisimple of a type that includes countable free inverse semigroups.

We prove the existence of a solution for a semilinear boundary value problem at resonance in the first eigenvalue. The nonlinearity is assumed to be bounded below or above; no further growth restrictions are assumed.

In this note we answer a question of W. G. Bade by showing that if a normal, unital Banach function algebra A is strongly regular at one of its characters φ has a bounded approximate identity, then A has bounded relative units at φ. In particular, every strong Ditkin algebra has bounded relative units at all points of its character space. There need not, however, be a global bound available for the relative units.

Relative Property (T) for a subgroup H of a group G and its connection with positive definite functions are studied. A relation with the Haagerup approximation property is established. We show that if H is a non-normal subgroup of a group G which has Property (T) and G/H is amenable as a graph then H has finite index in G.

We give the relation between the (rigid) graded Morita duality and the Morita duality on a finitely group-graded ring and the relation between a left Morita ring and some of its matrix rings.

For each prime p, a Fraenkel-Mostowski model is constructed in which there are two elementary Abelian p-groups with the same cardinality that are not isomorphic.

We find topological conditions on a space X under which the left (right, or two-sided) uniformity of the free topological group F(X) induces the universal uniformity or the product uniformity ux × ux on the square of X. Special attention is given to kω metrisable spaces. The main technical tool in the paper is an extension of certain continuous pseudometrics from X2 to F(X) considered by the author in the previous volume of this journal.

The known effective bounds for the magnitude of integer points on elliptic curves are exponential in the “height” of curve. The bound given in this note is polynomial in the height and depends slightly on the discriminant.

For a C*-algebra A, we give simple proofs of the following: Cb (Prim A) is isomorphic to the centre ZM(A) of the multiplier algebra, Cb (Prim A) is isomorphic to C (Prim M(A)) and Prim ZM(A) is the Stone-Čech compactification of Prim A.

Some extension properties of maps defined on dense subsets are studied for approximate polyhedra. The latter are characterised as approximate extensors for finite maps with small oscillation.

We study the s-cobordism type of closed orientable (smooth or PL) 4–manifolds with free or surface fundamental groups. We prove stable classification theorems for these classes of manifolds by using surgery theory.

A group G is called a CSA-group if all its maximal Abelian subgroups are malnormal; that is, Mx ∩ M = 1 for every maximal Abelian subgroup M and x ∈ G − M. The class of CSA-groups contains all torsion-free hyperbolic groups and all groups freely acting on λ-trees. We describe conditions under which HNN-extensions and amalgamated products of CSA-groups are again CSA. One-relator CSA-groups are characterised as follows: a torsion-free one-relator group is CSA if and only if it does not contain F2 × Z or one of the nonabelian metabelian Baumslag-Solitar groups B1, n = 〈x, y | yxy−1 = xn〉, n ∈ Z ∂ {0, 1}; a one-relator group with torsion is CSA if and only if it does not contain the infinite dihedral group.

In this paper we show that given a σ-algebra Σ of subsets of a set Ω and a normed space X, then the normed space B(Σ, X), endowed with the usual supremum-norm, of the X-valued functions defined on Ω that are the uniform limit of a sequence of σ-simple X-valued functions on Ω is barrelled of class s if and only if X is barrelled of class s. This extends in the normed case the well known result obtained by Mendoza (1982) for barrelled spaces.

Let fnλ be the regularised solution of a general, linear operator equation, K f0 = g, from discrete, noisy data yi = g(xi ) + εi, i = 1, …, n, where εi are uncorrelated random errors with variance σ2. In this paper, we consider the two well–known methods – the discrepancy principle and generalised maximum likelihood (GML), for choosing the crucial regularisation parameter λ. We investigate the asymptotic properties as n → ∞ of the “expected” estimates λD and λM corresponding to these two methods respectively. It is shown that if f0 is sufficiently smooth, then λD is weakly asymptotically optimal (ao) with respect to the risk and an L2 norm on the output error. However, λD oversmooths for all sufficiently large n and also for all sufficiently small σ2. If f0 is not too smooth relative to the regularisation space W, then λD can also be weakly ao with respect to a whole class of loss functions involving stronger norms on the input error. For the GML method, we show that if f0 is smooth relative to W (for example f0 ∈ Wθ, 2, θ > m, if W = Wm, 2), then λM is asymptotically sub-optimal and undersmoothing with respect to all of the loss functions above.

Approximation by smooth convex functions and questions on the Smooth Variational Principle for a given convex function f on a Banach space are studied in connection with majorising f by C1-smooth functions.

We extend the recent work of Dummit and Hayes on rank one Drinfeld modules on elliptic curves and hyperelliptic curves in the case that the infinite place is ramified to the case that the infinite place is inert.

Let A and B be n × n matrices over the real or complex field. Lower and upper bounds for |det(A + B)| are given in terms of the singular values of A and B. Extension of our techniques to estimate |f(A + B)| for other scalar-valued functions f on matrices is also considered.