Research is only beginning to shape our understanding of eating disorders as metabolic-psychiatric illnesses. How eating disorders (EDs) are classified is essential to future research for understanding the etiology of these severe illnesses and both developing and tailoring effective treatments. The gold standard for classification for research and diagnostic purposes has primarily been and continues to be the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). With the reconceptualization of EDs comes new challenges of considering how EDs are classified to reflect clinical reality, prognosis and lived experience. In this article, we explore the DSM-5 method of categorical classification and how it may not accurately represent the fluidity in which EDs present themselves. We discuss alternative methods of conceptualizing EDs, and their relevance and implications for genetic research.

This paper proposes a novel method of applying an iterative generation differential equation method to the multi-component nonlinear signal analysis of a diesel engine. The characteristics of a dynamic model of the single cylinder are analysed and discussed. The iterative generation differential decomposition method decomposes the multi-component signal and extracts multiple single-component signals. The sensitive single-component analysis technology of the complex vibration signal of a diesel engine is formed. The relationship between characteristic parameters of engine vibration dynamics and operation law is derived. A priori information about the unmeasured vibration signals of the roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Ro) passenger ships is not required. The experimental data is validly processed based on this developed method. Results show that this method is practical and feasible in analysing diesel engine vibration signals, especially under different load operating conditions.

Muslims in the Central African Republic have experienced extreme violence for more than a decade. Through ethnographic fieldwork and archival research, this article shows how the foundations for contemporary violence were created through colonial and postcolonial state-making. The civilizing mission of republican colonialism set Muslims apart. Lifestyle and mobility were never fully colonized; escape depicted difference. Nationalist liberation mythologies render Muslim citizenship as foreign, precarious, and subject to ongoing contestation. Pentecostalism, a lateral liberation philosophy presented as patriotism, provides power to anti-Muslim discourse. Violence against Muslims is situated in an accumulated “pastness” of state-making and struggle in Central African historiography.

The international community has consistently emphasized the importance of protecting the Amazon rainforest as a global carbon reservoir and climate regulator. Basin states have historically responded by rejecting the ‘internationalization of the Amazon’, arguing that they have sovereign rights to exploit the area under their own development plans. By reaffirming their sovereignty rights over international environmental concerns, they have also excluded the ancestral rights of Indigenous peoples in the basin. This article examines how the principles of absolute sovereignty (‘enclosure’), ‘common heritage of humankind’, and ‘common concern of humankind’ have been incorporated into the discourses, instruments, and practices of international environmental governance of the Amazon. These principles interact through shared anthropocentric, ethnocentric, and state-centric premises. Through an analysis of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO), the article finds that despite the discursive rejection of international forces, the basin states appeal to ‘common concern’ to embrace international cooperation while promoting transnational extractive and infrastructure projects through the principle of ‘enclosure’. This produces fragmented governance that legitimizes the expansion of extractivism under sovereign and developmental imaginaries while excluding the self-determination claims and ecological perspectives of the Indigenous peoples of the Amazon.

This paper reports an expansion of the English as a second language (L2) component of the Multilingual Eye Movement Corpus (MECO L2), an international database of eye movements during text reading. While the previous Wave 1 of the MECO project (Kuperman et al., 2023) contained English as a L2 reading data from readers with 12 different first language (L1) backgrounds, the newly collected dataset adds eye-tracking data on English text reading from 13 distinct L1 backgrounds (N = 660) as well as participants’ scores on component skills of English proficiency and information about their demographics and language background and use. The paper reports reliability estimates, descriptive statistics, and correlational analyses as means to validate the expansion dataset. Consistent with prior literature and the MECO Wave 1, trends in the MECO Wave 2 data include a weak correlation between reading comprehension and oculomotor measures of reading fluency and a greater L1-L2 contrast in reading fluency than reading comprehension. Jointly with Wave 1, the MECO project includes English reading data from more than 1,200 readers representing a diversity of native writing systems (logographic, abjad, abugida, and alphabetic) and 19 distinct L1 backgrounds. We provide multiple pointers to new venues of how L2 reading researchers can mine this rich publicly available dataset.

In this paper we study logical bilateralism understood as a theory of two primitive derivability relations, namely provability and refutability, in a language devoid of a primitive strong negation and without a falsum constant, $\bot $, and a verum constant, $\top $. There is thus no negation that toggles between provability and refutability, and there are no primitive constants that are used to define an “implies falsity” negation and a “co-implies truth” co-negation. This reduction of expressive power notwithstanding, there remains some interaction between provability and refutability due to the presence of (i) a conditional and the refutability condition of conditionals and (ii) a co-implication and the provability condition of co-implications. Moreover, assuming a hyperconnexive understanding of refuting conditionals and a dual understanding of proving co-implications, neither non-trivial negation inconsistency nor hyperconnexivity is lost for unary negation connectives definable by means of certain surrogates of falsum and verum. Whilst a critical attitude towards $\bot $ and $\top $ can be justified by problematic aspects of the Brouwer-Heyting-Kolmogorov interpretation of the logical operations for these constants, the aim to reduce the availability of a toggling negation and observations on undefinability may also give further reasons to abandon $\bot $ and $\top $.

This paper, co-authored by two adult academics and three young researchers aged 11 to 16, investigates the authors’ collective experiences in a participatory research project about growing up multilingual with Chinese heritage and migration background, where race and racism emerged as key themes. Drawing on critical dialectical pluralism and the concept of “reflexivities of discomfort,” we explore how co-constructing research with children and young people can enrich the research process. Despite the intricate and often opaque nature of discussing racism, especially anti-Asian racism, with children from migration backgrounds, this study advocates for participatory research as a critical tool for uncovering these complexities, paving the way for more open and meaningful conversations. In collaboration with young researchers, we reevaluate the role of research and researchers in discussing racism, (de)construct children as experts of their racialized experiences, and imagine the future of researching racism with children through what we call “collective reflexivity”—a practice of open discussions that highlight young people’s positionalities, experiences, and insights. Through practices that protect individuality and value personal experience, our work makes a methodological contribution by offering “collective reflexivity” and co-authorship as a pathway that ensures children are not viewed as “representatives,” but valued for their positionalities, encouraging more engaged and critical conversations on race and racism with them.

This article explores gender inequality in work–family balance since the pandemic from a comparative perspective. It examines the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on working mothers in the UK and South Korea, particularly the factors affecting their work–family balance. It also critically analyses work–family balance policies from a gender perspective. While a number of studies have examined work–family balance issues in both countries, there has been little comparative research on working mothers’ perceptions of the way childcare/unpaid work is distributed, and few policy comparisons involving the two countries. The findings from surveys conducted in 2020 show that mothers in both countries not only did more unpaid work but encountered challenges in balancing work and family during the pandemic. This article argues that policies must be further developed to promote equal sharing of paid and unpaid work between men and women.

Some Iranian local sainfoin landraces were studied to evaluate morphologic diversity and some related parameters according to 31 characteristics. Results indicated remarkable diversity for all characteristics whereas the phenotypic and genotypic CV (coefficient of variation) amounts were high for most of the measured characteristics. The magnitudes of heritability and genetic gain showed good potential in all of the sainfoin landraces. Also, the genetic advance as a mean per cent (breeding potential) for four characteristics was low while for 11 characteristics like thousand seed weight was moderate whereas for the other 16 remaining characteristics like total fresh and dry yield as well as seed yield was high, so the genetic advance of most characteristics was high and moderate and they can be improved by suitable selection strategy. Sainfoin landraces were categorized into four clusters via Wilks' lambda in both years whereas cluster-I with 10 common landraces at both years were early flowering and maturing while the seven common landraces of cluster-II and four common landraces of cluster-III indicated moderate values for most of sainfoin's traits. The three common landraces of cluster-IV (G14 from Azna, G19 from Kahlaran, and G25 from Saqqez) indicated higher values for most characteristics of sainfoin, and can be advised for releasing as the superior cultivars or used in crossbreeding programmes for generating the new cultivars with high-yield performance as well as high quality.