By many accounts, the state of reviewing is in dire straits. Editors cannot get people to respond to review requests, much less to say yes and complete the review on time. In previous work (Djupe 2015; Djupe, Smith, and Sokhey 2022) conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic, reviewing was heavily concentrated in a core set of reviewers, reviewing increased with age and rank, and political scientists stood by the value of peer reviewing for themselves, the discipline, and the research. Is any of that still true in the post-pandemic period? This article analyzes a Summer 2024 survey of 637 political scientists in comparison with 2013 data and finds an evident decline in reviewing post-pandemic from those who historically review the most. This pattern likely reflects broader movements, especially toward diversification, in the discipline and in higher education.

We assessed the chemical, microbiological, rheological and sensory parameters of a fermented dairy product (FDP) containing a galactooligosaccharide (GOS) preparation. This was made from a solution of dried whey and skim milk containing 25% (w/w) lactose using a new enzyme with high transgalactosylation activity (Nurica: Danisco A/S). Conversion of the high initial lactose content enabled a good yield of 56% GOS to be achieved. The obtained GOS preparation was applied to the FDP with a probiotic culture of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis in amounts of 0, 2, 10, and 20% (w/w). The FDPs were stored and monitored for 9 weeks. Bifidobacteria showed counts higher than 106 CFU/g throughout the storage period. GOS were not significantly utilized during fermentation and their changes during storage were also insignificant. Gel strength after fermentation showed a slight decrease with increasing doses of GOS preparation, but after 6 weeks of storage, the differences were no longer evident. The sensory analysis revealed the overall acceptability of the prepared FDPs, whilst the highest dose (20% GOS preparation) led to a sweeter taste.

Are LGBTQ legislators effective lawmakers? We build on theories that link voter discrimination to legislative effectiveness by arguing that voters’ biases against LGBTQ candidates narrow the candidate pool, leading to the election of only the most experienced and qualified LGBTQ candidates. As a result of this electoral selection effect, we expect that LGBTQ legislators will be more effective lawmakers than their non-LGBTQ counterparts. To test this, we combine data on state legislators’ LGBTQ identification with their State Legislative Effectiveness Scores (SLES). Our findings reveal that LGBTQ legislators are meaningfully more effective than non-LGBTQ legislators. To link our findings to voter discrimination, we leverage over-time variation in discrimination toward LGBTQ individuals. Across four tests, we consistently find that LGBTQ lawmakers elected in high-discrimination environments are more effective than those elected from less discriminatory environments.

The hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), has distinct native and invasive populations in Canada. On the country’s west coast, the adelgid is a native insect that feeds on western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Rafinesque-Schmaltz) Sargent, and mountain hemlock, Tsuga mertensiana (Bongard) Carrière (Pinaceae). In eastern Canada, the adelgid is an invasive species that attacks and kills eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (Linnaeus) Carrière (Pinaceae). We obtained all Canadian records of A. tsugae in institutional and public databases, developed updated range maps and phenologies for the species in British Columbia and eastern Canada, and developed dispersal estimates for populations in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, A. tsugae’s observed distribution is centred around the Lower Mainland and on Vancouver Island but with populations in the British Columbia Interior and along the Pacific coast that have been poorly explored. In eastern Canada, the adelgid has invaded southern Nova Scotia, portions of the Niagara region in Ontario as far west as Hamilton, and at least one site on the north shore of Lake Ontario. No populations have been found in New Brunswick, Quebec, or Prince Edward Island, Canada. Finally, we estimated the rate of spread in Nova Scotia at 12.6 ± 8.2 to 20.5 ± 27.21 km/year.

Difficulty with emotion regulation is a transdiagnostic problem associated with a variety of psychological disorders. The biosocial model suggests that early biological vulnerability, including impulsivity, may potentiate across development by transacting with environmental risk factors leading to the development of emotional dysregulation. During transition from late childhood to early adolescence, family may be a prominent source of environmental influences. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether trait impulsivity and family conflict influence each other in a transactional fashion over the span of two years (from age 9–10 to 11–12) using data collected from 6112 children and their caregivers through the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. In an exploratory manner, the study also aimed to test whether the transactional process was different among children with high, moderate, or low levels of emotion regulation difficulties at age 12–13. Results supported a cross lagged transaction between trait impulsivity and family conflict among this sample of children but a lack of reciprocal paths among those with higher levels of emotion dysregulation. These results provided partial support for the biosocial model.

The present study examined several distinct indicators of regulation (i.e., task-based executive function, surveyed child effortful control, and surveyed household chaos) as moderators of longitudinal bidirectional links between developmental changes in harsh parenting (HP) and child externalizing behaviors (EXT) from age 9 to 14 years. The sample included 311 children (50.4% female; 111 White or European American; 97 Hispanic or Latino; 103 Black or African American). We conducted cross-lagged panel analyses and utilized multiple reporters (mother, father, and child). Regarding bidirectionality between HP and EXT, findings were mixed depending on informant, but overall more child effects than parent effects or bidirectional effects emerged. Child and household regulation moderated certain effects, providing initial evidence of the potential role of regulations in bidirectional links between HP and EXT. The present study adds impetus to considering child self-regulation and household chaos as critical features influencing the bidirectional link between parenting and child functioning.

In contrast to the expansive work on how community policing affects citizens’ attitudes toward police, existing research says little about how community policing affects officers’ attitudes toward citizens. We examine officer-facing outcomes using an experiment in the Philippines, in which a random subset of a province’s 705 officers were assigned to intensive community policing activities for seven months. Treatment officers saw improved understanding of citizen concerns, but did not develop greater empathy or trust toward civilians, nor an increased sense of accountability for citizen-facing misconduct. We build from the experiment to develop an inductive theory of bureaucrat-citizen contact, relying on qualitative observations and exploratory analyses of heterogeneous effects. We propose that contact with citizens is only likely to improve attitudes among frontline bureaucrats who are not ex-ante embedded in their communities. Moreover, contact may have negative effects when it reveals threats to bureaucrats’ personal safety.

Femonationalism, or the selective use of feminist discourse to advance far-right causes, has often been analyzed through the lens of party politics. Shifting the focus to grassroots activists, this article studies a group of far-right female activists in France organized as a women-only collective of “identitarian feminists” to explore how these grassroots activists articulate anti-feminist frames while also appropriating selective aspects of feminism. The study relies on three types of empirical data: a long-term digital observation of the collective, a critical analysis of documents, and 10 semi-structured interviews. These data reveal that these activists diverge from traditional anti-feminism and instead reflect a femonationalist appropriation of feminism. This appropriation can be seen in three interconnected frames used by the collective in the fight against street harassment: an opposition to intersectional feminism, the use of postfeminist frames, and the racialization of sexism.

Fausto Corvino has recently argued in this journal that, given present people’s reasonable expectation of future people’s economic activity, present and future people stand in the relation required by both of the two main camps of justice as reciprocity: justice as self-interested reciprocity and justice as fair reciprocity. In reply, I argue that on neither view is the relation Corvino identifies the relation the view requires and that neither view endorses his principle of intergenerational distributive justice, Transgenerational Sufficiency, in a contract between generations. I show that these concerns generalize to any view of synchronic direct intergenerational reciprocity.

This study describes an optimal method for deploying rescue ships in response to marine accidents using dynamic programming and particle swarm optimisation in an archipelago. We solved the shortest distance problem from a rescue ship to a marine accident using dynamic programming, which avoids obstacles, such as land or aquacultures. The optimal location problem is NP-hard. However, the optimal locations were found to be efficient among the various candidate combinations using particle swarm optimisation. We compared two models based on the set covering location model (SCLM) and P-median model (PMM). The PMM outperformed the SCLM approach in the test. The findings of this study may be valuable for directing judgments regarding search and rescue (SAR) vessel placements to maximise resource utilisation efficiency and service quality. Furthermore, this process can flexibly arrange multiple rescue ships.

Countries across Asia have attempted to expand the involvement of fathers in childcare, motivated by declining birth rates, growing elderly populations, notable gender inequality gaps, and the demand of fathers for paid leave. This article assesses the efforts of twenty-one Asian nations to achieve a more equal distribution of the responsibility for child-rearing by comparing legal entitlements to paid maternity leave, paternity leave, and parental leave. Twenty-one jurisdictions are classified according to three models. Model A is a ‘gender equality’ model where non-transferable paid leave is provided in more equal share to parents, with an additional post-birth period exclusively for birth mothers. Model B is a ‘quota for fathers’ approach where a number of days or weeks are provided in amounts that fall far short of the amount of paid leave exclusively offered to mothers. Model C captures countries that offer no legal entitlements for paid leave for fathers. The data reveals the extent to which Asia lags behind global good practice in the provision of leave to different-sex and same-sex parents, with regional laws reflecting the view that caregiving primarily or exclusively falls upon women. Generous, paid and non-transferable leave for fathers is needed to increase leave-taking.

We provide two constructions of Gaussian random holomorphic sections of a Hermitian holomorphic line bundle $(L,h_{L})$ on a Hermitian complex manifold $(X,\Theta )$, that are particularly interesting in the case where the space of $\mathcal {L}^2$-holomorphic sections $H^{0}_{(2)}(X,L)$ is infinite dimensional. We first provide a general construction of Gaussian random holomorphic sections of L, which, if $H^{0}_{(2)}(X,L)$ is infinite dimensional, are almost never $\mathcal {L}^2$-integrable on X. The second construction combines the abstract Wiener space theory with the Berezin–Toeplitz quantization and yields a Gaussian ensemble of random $\mathcal {L}^2$-holomorphic sections. Furthermore, we study their random zeros in the context of semiclassical limits, including their distributions, large deviation estimates, local fluctuations and hole probabilities.

Historically, the picking of cloudberries (Rubus chamaemorus) for sale and subsistence has been of fundamental importance to Sámi livelihoods. Even today cloudberries are commonly described as the “gold” among berries. Based on anthropological fieldwork, participant observation and in-depth interviews with berry pickers in the Várjjat municipality of Unjárga-Nesseby, Northern Norway, this article investigates how relationships of humans, animals, plants and berries take part in the making and remaking of home place landscapes. I emphasise Sámi landscape research and theorizations to elevate their productive contributions to the ongoing, international landscape debates, by engaging with landscapes as homes.