Praecox feeling (PF) is a characteristic feeling of bizarreness or unease that a psychiatrist experiences when facing a patient with schizophrenia. This term, proposed by Rumke in 1941, was considered an important feature of a schizophrenia diagnosis. However, since the movement toward operational diagnostic methods in the late 1970s, it has fallen out of use.

This work aims to discuss the role of Praecox Feeling in the clinical approach to schizophrenia diagnosis.

PubMed database was searched using combinations of the terms “praecox”, combined with “feeling” and “schizophrenia”.

PF is sometimes experienced silently before the patient participates verbally. An experienced and attentive clinician can intuitively feels changes in the body posture, facial expression, the tone of the voice, motor behavior, and attitude that could look insignificant, but as a whole they present the patient as “definitely un-understandable.” Although there is lacking evidence to sustain the rehabilitation of the PF as a reliable and valid clinical criterion consistent with the operational approach, a broader scientific approach is called for. PF should not be trivialized, as is sometimes the case, into a quick diagnosis but could be a real determinant of medical decision.

Even though there may not be sufficient evidence to consider it valid clinical diagnostic criteria, it still appears to play an important role in the clinical decision-making process and should not be underestimated or stigmatized. This concept is not completely subjective and does rely on objective information, such as the patient’s behaviour and body language.

No significant relationships.

Anhedonia is a symptom usually, and probably simplistically, defined as the inability to experience pleasure. It is considered one of the core symptoms of depression and a negative symptom of schizophrenia.

We intend to explore whether previous studies found common or dissimilar experiences of anhedonia in depression and schizophrenia.

We performed a review of the published literature on the subject using PubMed. We conducted a search using ‘anhedonia’, ‘schizophrenia’, and ‘depression’ as keywords.

There is different and diverging evidence on the matter. Historical reports associated schizophrenia with trait anhedonia, and depression with state anhedonia. More recently, some authors correlated appetitive anhedonia (lack of interest/desire) with schizophrenia, and consummatory anhedonia (lack of pleasure/enjoyment) with depression, but this was not corroborated by other studies. However, in line with it, there are findings of a normal physiological response to pleasurable stimuli among schizophrenics. Some authors propose that, in schizophrenia, this symptom might not represent an inability to feel pleasure but rather a deficient expression of its experience, as a part of blunted affect. Reward models highlight a deficit in reward learning in depression, but disorganization of reward processing and a focus on irrelevant clues in schizophrenia, which prevent patients from pursuing a pleasurable experience.

There are still limited studies comparing the experience of anhedonia in depression and schizophrenia. There seem to be significant differences between the two, but further studies are needed. In particular, this could be important in screening schizophrenic patients for depression.

No significant relationships.

Refugees are at elevated risk of developing common mental disorders (CMD) as they may have been exposed to stressors and traumatic experiences before, during and after their movement. However, prevalence rates of CMDs among refugees reported across studies vary strongly.

To examine the prevalence of CMDs (PTSD, anxiety, depression and somatic disorder) among Syrian refugees in the Netherlands, and the diagnostic accuracy of self-reporting questionnaires in Arabic.

A sample of N=1339 adult Syrian refugees was randomly selected from the Dutch national population registry. Participants were approached in December 2020-March 2021 to complete questionnaires on symptoms of PTSD (PCL-5), anxiety/depression (HSCL-25), and somatic disorder (SSS-8). After the survey, a sub-sample was invited for a clinical interview using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) to enquire about the presence or absence of PTSD, anxiety, depression or somatic disorder.

In total, 407 participants (53.6% female, M age=34.2yrs, SD=14.1) completed the survey. The majority (65.9%) arrived in the Netherlands in 2015-2017. Using a cut-off of PCL-5 ³33, 75 participants (18.4%) reported probable PTSD. Using a cut-off of ³1.83 on the HSCL-25 depression subscale and ³1.75 on the anxiety subscale, 153 participants (37.6%) reported depression and 135 (33.2%) reported anxiety, and using a cut-off of ³12.0 on the SSS-8, 121 (29.8%) reported somatic complaints. A sub-sample of 214 participants (52.6%) were followed-up with the SCID-5. Psychometric properties will be presented.

Syrian refugees in the Netherlands are at high risk for the development of a CMD. Implications, strengths and limitations of the study will be discussed.

No significant relationships.

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a severe mental disorder with a high genetic load, in which is relevant to identify potential differences in affective temperaments between both diagnostic subtypes.

To find differences between BDI and BDII patients in affective temperaments evaluated by Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego TEMPS-A.

A sample of 407 euthymic patients with diagnosis of bipolar disorder type I (BDI= 307) or type II (BDII= 100) according to DSM-IV-TR criteria being age 18 or older was recruited from the Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. Five affective temperaments were evaluated using the TEMPS-A. It was initially verified that the scores of these temperaments do not fulfil the assumption of normality by means of tests. Differences in means were estimated using Mann-Whitney U and Chi square tests (p <0.05) as appropriate, and ANCOVA controlling the effect of confounding variables.

Data revealed that patients with BD II had significantly higher scores in four affective temperaments: dysthymic, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious compared to BDI. After controlling the most relevant moderating variables, BDII patients continued to show higher scores in irritable temperament .

BDII patients present a more irritable temperament than BDI (p=0,037), which can affect the course and management of the disease. It could be suggested that presenting higher scores of these temperaments could be associated with BDII and further studies are needed to replicate this finding since it might help the clinicians in early phases to guide in the diagnostic process.

No significant relationships.

Since there is no objective criteria, unique clinical symptom or laboratory test to make the diagnosis of conversion disorder; its diagnosis and treatment is challenging which leads to a poor prognosis.

The aim of this study is to investigate the brain metabolic activity of patients with conversion disorder with PET/MRI.

12 conversion disorder patients were included. Somatosensory Amplification Scale, Somatoform Dissociation Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Toronto Alexithymia Scale were filled in by the participants. Neurological, mental status examinations, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Form (WAIS-R) and brain F18-FDG-PET/MRI were performed. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales were administered.

83% of the patients were female, the mean age was 33 years and average education period was 10,2 years. WAIS-R total scores were consistent with low avarage intelligence level.Cerebral hypermetabolism was detected in the primary visual cortex. Average regional brain metabolic activity had a tendency to increase in bilateral prefrontal, right sensorimotor (SM),cingulate,right inferior parietal,occipital lateral,right temporal lateral cortices and cerebellum. Each region was metabolically correlated with the homologous contralateral regions. Significant correlations in the same direction was found between frontal and occipital lateral & primary visual cortices; cerebellum and left sensorimotor cortex; anterior cingulate cortex(ACC) and superior parietal cortex & cerebellum. No correlations were found between ACC and left SM cortex.

Findings of our study indicate that there are moderate changes in regional brain metabolic activities and inter-regional correlations in patients with conversion disorder. In order to confirm these findings, furter functional neuroimaging studies are needed.

No significant relationships.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex mental disorder. Cognitive dysfunction represents a core feature, strongly related with patients’ functional outcome. Functional Remediation (FR), is an integrated neuropsychological and psychosocial rehabilitation treatment aimed at enhancing cognitive functions in order to achieve full functional recovery(Torrent et al., 2013). Evidence highlighted an association of neurotrophins and cognitive dysfunctions. Particularly, BDNF has been investigated a potential biomarker. Preliminary studies explored the effects induced through FR interventions on serum BDNF levels(Bonnin et al., 2019). Evidences suggest that high BDNF serum levels are related to good cognitive functioning(Mora et al., 2019). Results require further explorations. The present pilot study targets to identify the neurobiological correlates of response, investigating the potential neuroprotective role of the FR.

Assess the effectiveness of FR in ameliorate cognitive deficits measured with BAC-A and psychosocial functioning with FAST, in modifying BDNF levels in a sample of euthymic patients with BD, compared to standard treatment.

Two arms(1:1)randomized, rater-blinded, controlled study of 30out-patients with BD-I and BD-II, according to DSM-5 criteria. Patients between 18 and 55 years in euthymic phase. Neurocognitive and clinical assessments, at the same times, serum assessment of BDNF levels will be performed.

All patients will be assessed at baseline(T0), at the end of treatment(T1) and at the 3-month follow-up(T2).

After treatment, patients receiving FR show better cognitive and psychosocial performance than those receiving TAU.

Given the important role of neutrophins in the pathogenesis of BD, identifying BD-specific biomarkers would contribute to understand the underlying neuro-pathophysiological processes and to personalize treatments.

No significant relationships.

Mood episodes in bipolar disorder (BD) are still identified with subjective retrospective reports and scales. Digital biomarkers, such as actigraphy, heart rate variability, or ElectroDermal activity (EDA) have demonstrated their potential to objectively capture illness activity.

To identify physiological digital signatures of illness activity during acute episodes of BD compared to euthymia and healthy controls (HC) using a novel wearable device (Empatica´s E4).

A pragmatic exploratory study. The sample will include 3 independent groups totalizing 60 individuals: 36 BD inpatients admitted due to severe acute episodes of mania (N=12), depression (N=12), and mixed features (N=12), will wear the E4-device at four timepoints: the acute phase (T0), treatment response (T1), symptoms remission (T2) and during euthymia (T3; outpatient follow-up). 12 BD euthymic outpatients and 12 HC will be asked to wear the E4-device once. Data pre-processing included average downsampling, channel time-alignment in 2D segments, 3D-array stacking of segments, and random shuffling for training/validation sets. Finally, machine learning algorithms will be applied.

A total of 10 patients and 5 HC have been recruited so far. The preliminary results follow the first differences between the physiological digital biomarkers between manic and depressive episodes. 3 fully connected layers with 32 hidden units, ectified linear activation function (ReLU) activation, 25% dropout rate, significantly differentiated a manic from a depressive episode at different timepoints (T0, T1, T2).

New wearables technologies might provide objective decision-support parameters based on digital signatures of symptoms that would allow tailored treatments and early identification of symptoms.

No significant relationships.

Bipolar disorder is related with functional impairment in euthymia. The contribution of biological functions such as sleep, sexual functioning; or the presence of obesity on this loss remain understudied.

The aim of this work was to study the influence of biological determinants in context with clinical and demographical determinants of functioning in a 3-year cohort of euthymic BD patients.

In this multicentric study 67 euthymic adult bipolar outpatients were followed during three years. Functioning was assessed with FAST, insomnia severity with Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire (OSQ) and, sexual functioning with Changes on Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ-14) and obesity was expressed as body mass index (BMI). The basal effect of sleep, sexual functioning and obesity (Time 0) on FAST (Time 3) was analyzed with a mixed ordinal regression model including time effect, age, sex, number of manic and depressive episodes, euthymia length, and comorbidity with personality disorder. Change in functioning (Time 3 to 0) was analyzed in another mixed model also considering the difference in biological determinants (Time 3 to 0) and the presence of mood episodes during the period.

A basal worse sexual functioning, a higher severity of insomnia and a higher BMI predicted a worse functioning at three years (p=0.005, p=0.043, p=0.05 respectively). Regarding FAST difference from Time0 to 3, only having a manic episode related to an impairment on functioning (p=0.027).

Sexual functioning, quality of sleep and BMI are predictors of functioning in euthymia in BD. Manic episodes in the following contribute to impairments on functioning more than depressive episodes.

No significant relationships.

Bipolar disorder or manic-depressive illness is a mental disorder which consists of abnormal and long-lasting changes in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to function. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic restrictions precipitate the condition of those with bipolar affective disorder.

We searched for significant differences before and during the pandemic by analyzing socio-demographic data.

We carried out a research activity at the I Psychiatry Clinic of the Clinical Hospital of Neuropsychiatry Craiova. We formed two groups of hospitalized patients during 2019 and during 2020, when the pandemic broke out. The inclusion criterion was the presence of bipolar affective disorder as a primary diagnosis.

The number of cases and the total number of hospitalization days was higher during the pandemic, 101 cases versus 94 cases, 1667 days versus 1184 days. We identified a predominance of females during the pandemic, whereas in the previous year the distribution by sex was approximately equal. Regarding environment, the number of patients from urban and rural areas was approximately equal in 2019, while during the pandemic those in urban areas predominated, possibly due to easier access to psychiatric services. The ages of patients maintained a Gaussian distribution with a concentration of cases between 35-55 years.

While other psychiatric disorders were less present in the clinic during the pandemic, the number of bipolar affective disorder cases increased. Bipolar affective disorder is a major challenge due to the wide range of symptoms which cross with comorbidities that increase the likelihood of a SARS-CoV-2 infection.

No significant relationships.

The average concentration of copper in the air, e.g. in the USA it ranges from 5–20 ng/m3, in soil from 5–70 mg/kg, and the intake of copper from food is 1.0–1.3 mg/days for adults (0.014–0.019 mg/kg/day) (Barceloux, 1999). The effect of lipoic acid is reflected in the intensification of ATP synthesis, participates in the assimilation of lactic acid, activates the enzyme cycle of tricarboxylic acid, stimulates the growth of lactic acid bacteria by replacing acetate (acetate transfer factor), stimulates CoA synthesis (fatty acid utilization), prevents liver damage by various toxins, normalizes aldolase and transferase levels.

The aim of this study is to show the useful role of a supplement, lipoic acid, as an antioxidant in the prevention of oxidative stress.

All procedures were performed after anesthesia of albino rats with ketal in accordance with the principles of sacrifice in laboratories. After medial laparotomy albino rates Wistar soy, a 10% homogenate of brain tissue was made in an appropriate medium and an analysis of acid and alkaline DNase activity was performed (Kocić i sar., 2004).

DNases are thought to be the main executors of apoptosis, responsible for internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, which is the breakdown of chromosomal DNA into oligonucleosome-sized fragments. Administration of lipoic acid has been shown to protect against oxidative stress caused by copper.

Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that lipoic acid is a powerful and powerful antioxidant.

No significant relationships.

Suicide is the most terrible outcome of bipolar disorders (BD). It impacts families and healthcare professionals deeply. Family history of suicide (FHS) is one of its main risk factors, whereas lithium treatment and absence of substance use disorders (SUD) are two of its few modifiable protective factors.

To explore the relationship between FHS and clinical characteristics in BD. We hypothesized that FHS would be associated with less SUD, higher rates of lithium treatment and shorter duration of untreated illness (DUI).

Cross-sectional analysis of subjects with BD followed-up in a specialised outpatient unit (Barcelona, October’08-March’18). We described data with measures of frequency, central tendency and dispersion, and we used χ², Fisher’s test and t-tests for comparisons.

The sample consisted of 83 subjects, 56.6% males, mean age 41.9 years (SD 12.7). 74.7% (n=62) had a diagnosis of BD-I and 25.3% (n=21) of BD-II. 11 subjects (13.3%) had FHS. Those with FHS did not show significant differences in sociodemographic data, DUI (58.5+/-60.4 vs 38.19+/-84.9 months, p=0.341), lithium use (72.7% vs 73.6%, p=0.95) or SUD (27.3% vs 23.6%, p=0.79). There were differences in terms of lifetime suicide attempts (54.5% vs 20.8%, p=0.026), family history of mental disorders (100% vs 69.4%, n=0.032).

Contrary to our hypothesis, FHS was not associated with the modifiable protective factors against suicide (namely, less SUD and more lithium prescription). Similarly, we did not find an association with earlier access to mental health services at symptom onset (DUP as proxy). Therefore, our results suggest FHS does not modify attitudes towards prevention.

No significant relationships.

The integration of virtual reality into everyday life is changing sociocultural practices, including those related to cyberaggression, which causes negative consequences for mental health and well-being. Particular attention needs to be paid to the poorly researched but widespread roles of bystanders and defenders in cyberaggression (Machackova, 2020; Polanco-Levican, Salvo-Garrido, 2021).

The aim is to study the behavioral witness strategies in cyberaggression in VR and their relation to personal and psychophysiological characteristics.

50 adolescents aged 14-18 years old (50% female) witnessed cyberaggression in an experimental situation in the virtual space of VR-chat. Participants also filled Ten-Item Personality Inventory (Gosling et al., 2003; Egorova, Parshikova, 2016), I7-Impulsiveness (Eysenck, Eysenck, 1985; Kornilova, Dolnikova, 2011), Prosocial Behaviour (Furmanov, Kuhtova, 1998). To determine the functional state Heart rate variability (UPTF 1/30 Psychophysiologist, Mediсom) was measured before and after the experiment.

Behavioral strategies in VR-aggression were divided into uninvolved bystanders (58%) and defenders (42%). All participants experienced stress and functional state decline when faced with cyberaggression, but the defenders were more affected (U=207, p<0.043). Defenders were more likely to have higher social responsibility (U=207, p<0.056) and lower neuroticism (U=208, p<0.054). There were no significant differences in impulsiveness.

Cyberaggression in a virtual environment is stressful, especially for active defenders, who are more included in the situation compared to passive bystanders. The prosocial role of a defender rather than a passive bystander may be related to such characteristics as social responsibility and emotional stability, but not to impulsiveness. The research was supported by RSF (project No. 18-18-00365)

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project # 18-18-00365.

Despite youth’s high Global Burden of Disease there is a substantial service delivery gap between this population’s urgent needs and their access to health services. Because attention has remained under-prioritized (Babatunde et al., 2019), youth typically do not receive the treatment they require, i.e., they present an unmet need (Barwick et al., 2013). This is particularly problematic given that untreated mental disorders (MD) are associated with short-term and long-term functional deterioration.

To determine the level of functioning of children who receive mental healthcare in the selected psychiatric hospitals of Mexico.

A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2018-2020. Sample of children who received mental healthcare at the time of the study. Questionnaire for the evaluation of disability WHODAS 2.0 (World Health Organization-Disability Assessment Schedule) was applied. T test and analysis of variance were applied to know the differences of means of the variables and indicators.

Sample (n= 397), 63% were boys. Mean (SD) for Age: 12 (3.6) and schooling: 5.8 (3.6). 51% (n =202) of children reported having a generic diagnosis for hyperkinetic disorders and 34% depressive disorder. WHODAS scores: significant differences in the functioning domains (Do). Mean and (SD) for Do5 Life activities domestic: 45 (26.7); Do6 Social participation:37 (20.6); and Do1 cognition: 36.6 (19.3). Figure 1.

The children with MD are more vulnerable due to the associated disability and it requires specific heath interventions adapted to their mental health care needs. References: 1) Babatunde et al. (2021). Glob.Soc.Welfare 8, 29–46. 2) Barwick et al. (2013). J.evid.based.soc.work, 10(4), 338–352.

No significant relationships.

Background: Copy-number variants (CNVs) of chromosome 15 have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and developmental delay.

We report 6 patients with autistic features and other neurodevelopmental problems carrying CNVs of chromosome 15.

Materials and methods: The probands belong to a group of patients referred to our clinic and laboratory with autism as main feature. A complete clinical evaluation was performed with focus on neurologic, psychiatric, and psychological evaluation with specific autism tests. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) was performed using 180K platform (Agilent technology).

six patients investigated by array-CGH had a CNV involving chromosome 15. Four of these patients, previously reported by us (ref 1), had small duplications of 15q13.3 involving CHRNA7 and OTUD7A genes. The other two patients had large deletions of 15q21q22 and 15q24, respectively. A deletion of 15q21.2 - q22.2 was detected in one patient. The deleted region contains 62 genes and has been rarely reported in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. A deletion of 15q24.1 - q24.2 was detected in the other patient. This region is recurrently deleted in developmentally delayed patients (ref 3).

Our data highlight that chromosome 15 is a hub for neurodevelopmental disorder and illustrates the utility of array-CGH in the investigation of patients with autism, specifically in the context of complex phenotypes. Acknowledgment: The research leading to these results has received funding from the EEA Grant 2014-2021, under the project contract No 6/2019. References: Genes (Basel). 2021 Jul 1;12(7):1025. https://www.omim.org/entry/618060 Clinical Genome Resource. https://dosage.clinicalgenome.org/clingen_region.cgi?id=ISCA-46296

No significant relationships.

It is known that frequently ill adolescents are significantly more likely to have a disharmonious subjective pattern of health and associated maladaptive behavior in the field of health.

To study dynamics of subjective pattern of health in frequently ill adolescents.

The sample: 57 frequently ill adolescents (mean age 10.6±0.1) in 2014-2015, 2017 and 2019. We used: The method of unfinished sentences about health (Yakovleva, 2014), “Index of attitude toward health” (Deryabo, Yasvin, 1999).

The index of emotionality has decreased (98.93 vs 84.87, p=0.015), while the cognitive indicator of the attitude toward health remains unchanged. The rate of positive self-assessment of health reduces and the rate of negative self-assessment of health increases. Frequently ill teenagers in older age are more likely to give an objective definition of the disease and less likely to emotionally assess it. At a young age they often pointed out active lifestyle as the main reason for health, with age the psychological characteristics of a person (strength of will, cheerfulness, etc.) this reason becomes. The rate of health recognition as the absolute value of man decreases (in the second cut answers, this category accounted for only 24.4%), but at a later age teenager show “adult” category of “quality of life” (noted by 7.4% of older teenagers).

The study of the dynamics of the subjective pattern of health in frequently ill adolescents has high practical significance due to the possibility of preventive and correctional work with these adolescents. Research is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 21-18-00624.

Research is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 21-18-00624.

Studies regarding environmental contributions on callous-unemotional (CU) traits in children have informed about the protective role of positive parenting. However, it has not been explored whether findings from these studies -mostly conducted in High-Income Countries- can be generalised to Low-Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Exposure to community violence is common in LMICs and is associated with emotional and behavioural problems in children. Therefore, it may represent an environmental risk factor for CU traits.

This prospective study explores whether positive parenting has a protective role in relation to CU traits in young Colombian children whose families have been exposed to community violence.

We assessed 235 families with children at age 3.5 years, from three contrasting regions of Colombia, using observations of mother-child interactions and maternal reports of community violence at ages 3.5 and 5.0 years.

Hierarchical multiple linear regression models indicated that maternal positivity at 3.5 years was associated with lower CU traits at age 5.0 years only in children of families exposed to community violence (interaction term p= .001). In the exposed group maternal positivity explained 10% of the variance (β= -.34, p= .001) with low positivity associated with elevated CU traits and high positivity with low CU traits. Maternal praise was not associated with CU traits. However, maternal negativity during play was associated with elevated CU traits as a main effect.

Based on these findings, whether or not exposure to community violence is associated with elevated CU traits depends on maternal positivity, with low positivity creating vulnerability, and high positivity, resilience.

No significant relationships.

In our previous study, we have developed the Child Psychosis-risk Screening System (CPSS), which incorporates psychological and behavioral characteristics of childhood into an algorithm, based on a retrospective survey.

In this study, we actually tried to evaluate the risk of psychosis in pediatric and psychiatric outpatients using the CPSS.

We conducted an epidemiological study of 323 outpatients aged 6-18 years visiting pediatric and psychiatric departments using CBCL and clinical data (sex, age, winter birth, chief complaint, diagnosis, abuse, bullying, hikikomori). ROC analysis was used to assess the accuracy of CPSS predictions. Cross-sectional logistic regression analysis was performed on the clinical data to identify factors associated with risk groups exceeding the cutoff value.

The results of the ROC analysis showed that the AUC (Area under the ROC Curve) was 80.3%, indicating that the CPSS has Moderate accuracy. The cutoff value was 98.11% (sensitivity: 0.857, specificity: 0.835), and 18% of the subjects were identified as risk groups above this value. Cross-sectional logistic regression analysis showed that schizophrenia diagnosis, no abuse, winter birth, and hikikomori were associated with the risk group, with respective odds ratios of 22.88, 10.76, 1.91, and 1.37.

The results of this study suggest that the CPSS can be applied to pediatric practice for early detection of risk for psychosis. The risk group is also present among pediatric patients with physical chief complaints. The factors suggested to be associated with risk groups may reflect the factors acting on the critical period of psychosis onset and the dynamic state.

No significant relationships.

The number of children with developmental language delay is growing. But the isolated use of speech therapy doesn’t always help to improve the long-term prognosis. It was found that developmental language delay is almost never the only violation of a child.

To develop the prevention program of emotional and behavioral disorders in children with developmental language delay.

100 children with developmental language delay (70 boys; Mage= 26.9 months, SD = 5.5) and 50 children with typical language development were studied by clinical follow-up method. The clinical method was supplemented by the Bayley Scale, the Language Development Survey and the Child Behavior Checklist 1½ -5.

A comprehensive children examination revealed developmental language delay risk factors, the psychomotor profile of the children, and the types of emotional and behavioral impairments, which were determined by us as: emotionally labile, emotionally detached and oppositional. The presence of subclinical disorders symptoms in children makes it necessary to carry out preventive measures. The primary prevention consists of pregnancy planning, effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. The secondary prevention aims to early diagnosis of developmental language delay, risk factors assessment of emotional and behavioral disorders and effective methods application of language and psychomotor development correction. Tertiary prevention have to individualized solves the children problems in accordance with revealed types of emotional and behavioral impairments. But the most important part is psychoeducation (special courses for parents and children with developmental language delay).

The prevention program was developed to prevent numerous psychiatric problems in childhood and adolescence.

No significant relationships.

Poor academic performance has been linked to factors such as sleep, health, illicit drug use, physical fighting, social media use, cyber bullying, physical activity, homelessness, times spent in video games and television. It is difficult to get a sense of the interplay between and relative importance of different behaviours/factors on academic performance as only limited research has been aimed at quantifying these factors.

To evaluate association of school performance and variables in five categories of the YRBSS: physical fighting, diet/lifestyle, electronic device usage, concurrent substance use, and violence/self-harm.

The CDC Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) data from 1991-2019 was used in study. Respondents were grouped by good and poor school performance and variables related to nutrition/lifestyle, electronic device use, concurrent substance use, mood/violence/self-harm were analyzed using chi-square test.

A total of 41,235 student respondents.Nutrition/Lifestyle, electronic device use, concurrent substance use, mood/violence/self-harm are found to be significantly correlated with school performance.

In national data, we found school performance is affected by nutrition, lifestyle, substance use, mood and exposure to surrounding violence, and self-harm. Further studies should be planned to evaluate benefits from the risk stratification to reduce this burden amongst US adolescents.

No significant relationships.

Atomoxetine, a first-line treatment option for ADHD, is affected by pharmacogenetic (PGx) variation of the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP2D6. Despite the recommendation of CYP2D6 testing, the use of PGx-guided dosing remains low in Denmark.

We investigated wide-ranging clinical outcomes in atomoxetine users in association with PGx variability.

We analyzed 6,798 individuals (55% children) with a first prescription for atomoxetine identified from the Danish population-based iPSYCH case-cohort study linking biobank information with Danish registers. Individuals were categorized based on their single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based CYP2D6 genotype into normal (NM), intermediate (IM), and poor metabolizer (PM). Clinical outcomes included treatment switching, discontinuation, psychiatric inpatient-, outpatient-, and emergency contact, suicide attempt/self-harm, sleep problem, and depression. Individuals’ CYP2D6-status could change due to drug-drug-interactions of weak, intermediate, or strong-CYP2D6 inhibitors (phenoconversion), which we accounted for by time-varying phenotype assessment. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Poisson regression analyses and adjusted for a wide range of potential confounders and covariates.

Over two-thirds of the individuals had a hospital diagnosis of ADHD at the first atomoxetine prescription. The distribution of CYP2D6 phenotypes was similar in children and adults. IM/PM children had a significantly higher risk of a sleeping problem compared with NM children (IRR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01-1.54). Compared with NM adults, those with IM/PM had a higher risk of switching (1.15, 95% CI 0.98-1.35).

This is the first study showing the potential impact of PGx variability on clinical outcomes of atomoxetine users in a population-based setting, highlighting the utility of PGx testing.

No significant relationships.