We characterize positive links in terms of strong quasipositivity, homogeneity, and the value of Rasmussen and Beliakova-Wehrli's $s$-invariant. We also study almost positive links, and in particular, determine the $s$-invariants of almost positive links. This result suggests that all almost positive links might be strongly quasipositive. On the other hand, it implies that almost positive links are never homogeneous links.

We classify and analyze the orbits of the Kepler problem on surfaces of constant curvature (both positive and negative, ${{\mathbb{S}}^{2}}$ and ${{\mathbb{H}}^{2}}$, respectively) as functions of the angular momentum and the energy. Hill's regions are characterized, and the problem of time-collision is studied. We also regularize the problem in Cartesian and intrinsic coordinates, depending on the constant angular momentum, and we describe the orbits of the regularized vector field. The phase portraits both for ${{\mathbb{S}}^{2}}$ and ${{\mathbb{H}}^{2}}$ are pointed out.

It is proved that flatness of an analytic mapping germ from a complete intersection is determined by its sufficiently high jet. As a consequence, one obtains finite determinacy of complete intersections. It is also shown that flatness and openness are stable under deformations.

We review some simple techniques based on monotone-mass transport that allow us to obtain transport-type inequalities for any log-concave probability measures, and for more general measures as well. We discuss quantitative forms of these inequalities, with application to the Brascamp–Lieb variance inequality.

Kantor pairs arise naturally in the study of 5-graded Lie algebras. In this article, we introduce and study Kantor pairs with short Peirce gradings and relate themto Lie algebras graded by the root system of type $\text{B}{{\text{C}}_{2}}$. This relationship allows us to define so-called Weyl images of short Peirce graded Kantor pairs. We use Weyl images to construct new examples of Kantor pairs, including a class of infinite dimensional central simple Kantor pairs over a field of characteristic $\ne$ 2 or 3, as well as a family of forms of a split Kantor pair of type ${{\text{E}}_{6}}$.

Let $G$ be a locally compact group and let $\omega$ be a continuous weight on $G$. We show that for each of the Banach algebras ${{L}^{1}}\left( G,\,\omega \right),\,M\left( G,\,\omega \right),\,LUC{{\left( G,\,{{\omega }^{-1}} \right)}^{*}}$, and ${{L}^{1}}{{\left( G,\,\omega \right)}^{**}}$, the order structure combined with the algebra structure determines the weighted group.

We prove the consistency of

$$~~\text{add}\left( \mathcal{N} \right)<\operatorname{cov}\left( \mathcal{N} \right)<\mathfrak{p}\text{=}\mathfrak{s}\text{=}\mathfrak{g}< \text{add}\left( \mathcal{M} \right)=\text{cof}\left( \mathcal{M} \right)<\mathfrak{a}=\mathfrak{r}=\text{non}\left( N \right)=\mathfrak{c}$$

$\text{ZFC}$

Jean-Louis Loday introduced a class of symmetric operads generated by one bilinear operation subject to one relation making each left-normed product of three elements equal to a linear combination of right-normed products: $({{a}_{1}}{{a}_{2}}){{a}_{3}}\,=\,\sum{{{_{\sigma }}_{\in {{s}_{3}}}}\,}{{x}_{\sigma }}\,{{a}_{\sigma \,(1)}}({{a}_{\sigma (2)\,}}{{a}_{\sigma (3)}})$. Such an operad is called a parametrized one-relation operad. For a particular choice of parameters $\{{{x}_{\sigma }}\}$, this operad is said to be regular if each of its components is the regular representation of the symmetric group; equivalently, the corresponding free algebra on a vector space $V$ is, as a graded vector space, isomorphic to the tensor algebra of $V$. We classify, over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, all regular parametrized one-relation operads. In fact, we prove that each such operad is isomorphic to one of the following five operads: the left-nilpotent operad defined by the relation $(({{a}_{1}}{{a}_{2}}){{a}_{3}})\,=\,0$, the associative operad, the Leibniz operad, the dual Leibniz (Zinbiel) operad, and the Poisson operad. Our computational methods combine linear algebra over polynomial rings, representation theory of the symmetric group, and Gröbner bases for determinantal ideals and their radicals.

We obtain bounds for the number of variables required to establish Hasse principles, both for the existence of solutions and for asymptotic formulæ, for systems of additive equations containing forms of differing degree but also multiple forms of like degree. Apart from the very general estimates of Schmidt and Browning–Heath–Brown, which give weak results when specialized to the diagonal situation, this is the first result on such “hybrid” systems. We also obtain specialized results for systems of quadratic and cubic forms, where we are able to take advantage of some of the stronger methods available in that setting. In particular, we achieve essentially square root cancellation for systems consisting of one cubic and $r$ quadratic equations.

The dual immaculate functions are a basis of the ring QSym of quasisymmetric functions and form one of the most natural analogues of the Schur functions. The dual immaculate function corresponding to a composition is a weighted generating function for immaculate tableaux in the same way as a Schur function is for semistandard Young tableaux; an immaculate tableau is defined similarly to a semistandard Young tableau, but the shape is a composition rather than a partition, and only the first column is required to strictly increase (whereas the other columns can be arbitrary, but each row has to weakly increase). Dual immaculate functions were introduced by Berg, Bergeron, Saliola, Serrano, and Zabrocki in arXiv:1208.5191, and have since been found to possess numerous nontrivial properties.

In this note, we prove a conjecture of M. Zabrocki that provides an alternative construction for the dual immaculate functions in terms of certain “vertex operators”. The proof uses a dendriform structure on the ring QSym; we discuss the relation of this structure to known dendriform structures on the combinatorial Hopf algebras FQSym and WQSym.

In this paper we introduce Hardy-Lorentz spaces with variable exponents associated with dilations in ${{\mathbb{R}}^{n}}$. We establish maximal characterizations and atomic decompositions for our variable exponent anisotropic Hardy-Lorentz spaces.

A fundamental idea in toric topology is that classes of manifolds with well-behaved torus actions (simply, toric spaces) are classified by pairs of simplicial complexes and (non-singular) characteristic maps. In a previous paper, the authors provided a new way to find all characteristic maps on a simplicial complex $K(J)$ obtainable by a sequence of wedgings from $K$.The main idea was that characteristic maps on $K$ theoretically determine all possible characteristic maps on a wedge of $K$.

We further develop our previous work for classification of toric spaces. For a star-shaped simplicial sphere $K$ of dimension $n-1$ with $m$ vertices, the Picard number Pic$(K)$ of $K$ is $m-n$. We call $K$ a seed if $K$ cannot be obtained by wedgings. First, we show that for a fixed positive integer $\ell $, there are at most finitely many seeds of Picard number $\ell $ supporting characteristic maps. As a corollary, the conjecture proposed by V. V. Batyrev in is solved affirmatively.

Secondly, we investigate a systematicmethod to find all characteristic maps on $K(J)$ using combinatorial objects called (realizable) puzzles that only depend on a seed $K$. These two facts lead to a practical way to classify the toric spaces of fixed Picard number.

We continue the investigation of the isomorphism problem for multiplier algebras of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces with the complete Nevanlinna-Pick property. In contrast to previous work in this area, we do not study these spaces by identifying them with the restrictions of a universal space, namely the Drury-Arveson space. Instead, we work directly with the Hilbert spaces and their reproducing kernels. In particular, we show that two multiplier algebras of Nevanlinna-Pick spaces on the same set are equal if and only if the Hilbert spaces are equal. Most of the article is devoted to the study of a special class of complete Nevanlinna-Pick spaces on homogeneous varieties. We provide a complete answer to the question of when two multiplier algebras of spaces of this type are algebraically or isometrically isomorphic.This generalizes results of Davidson, Ramsey,Shalit, and the author.

A current research theme is to compare symbolic powers of an ideal $I$ with the regular powers of $I$. In this paper, we focus on the case where $I\,=\,{{I}_{X}}$ is an ideal defining an almost complete intersection (ACI) set of points $X$ in ${{\mathbb{P}}^{1}}\,\times \,{{\mathbb{P}}^{1}}$. In particular, we describe a minimal free bigraded resolution of a non-arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (also non-homogeneous) set $Z$ of fat points whose support is an ACI, generalizing an earlier result of Cooper et al. for homogeneous sets of triple points. We call $Z$ a fat ACI. We also show that its symbolic and ordinary powers are equal, i.e, $I_{Z}^{\left( m \right)}\,=\,I_{Z}^{m}$ for any $m\,\ge \,1$.

We study the regularity of convolution powers for measures supported on Salem sets, and prove related results on Fourier restriction and Fourier multipliers. In particular we show that for $\alpha $ of the form $d\,/\,n,\,n\,=\,2,3,...$ there exist $\alpha $-Salem measures for which the ${{L}^{2}}$ Fourier restriction theorem holds in the range $p\,\le \,\frac{2d}{2d\,-\,\alpha }$. The results rely on ideas of Körner. We extend some of his constructions to obtain upper regular $\alpha $-Salem measures, with sharp regularity results for $n$-fold convolutions for all $n\,\in \,\mathbb{N}$.

We provide a simple, general argument to obtain improvements of concentration-type inequalities starting from improvements of their corresponding isoperimetric-type inequalities. We apply this argument to obtain robust improvements of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality (for Minkowski sums between generic sets and convex sets) and of the Gaussian concentration inequality. The former inequality is then used to obtain a robust improvement of the Riesz rearrangement inequality under certain natural conditions. These conditions are compatible with the applications to a finite-range nonlocal isoperimetric problem arising in statistical mechanics.

We study metric Diophantine approximation for function fields, specifically, the problem of improving Dirichlet's theorem in Diophantine approximation.

We provide the differential equations that generalize the Newtonian $N$-body problem of celestial mechanics to spaces of constant Gaussian curvature $\kappa $, for all $\kappa \in \mathbb{R}$. In previous studies, the equations of motion made sense only for $\kappa \ne 0$. The system derived here does more than just include the Euclidean case in the limit $\kappa \to 0;$ it recovers the classical equations for $\kappa =0$. This new expression of the laws of motion allows the study of the $N$-body problem in the context of constant curvature spaces and thus oòers a natural generalization of the Newtonian equations that includes the classical case. We end the paper with remarks about the bifurcations of the first integrals.

By a tiling of a topological linear space $X$, we mean a covering of $X$ by at least two closed convex sets, called tiles, whose nonempty interiors are pairwise disjoint. Study of tilings of infinite dimensional spaces was initiated in the 1980's with pioneer papers by V. Klee. We prove some general properties of tilings of locally convex spaces, and then apply these results to study the existence of tilings of normed and Banach spaces by tiles possessing certain smoothness or rotundity properties. For a Banach space $X$, our main results are the following.

• (i) $X$ admits no tiling by Fréchet smooth bounded tiles.

• (ii) If $X$ is locally uniformly rotund $\left( \text{LUR} \right)$, it does not admit any tiling by balls.

• (iii) On the other hand, some ${{\ell }_{1}}\left( \Gamma \right)$ spaces, $\Gamma $ uncountable, do admit a tiling by pairwise disjoint $\text{LUR}$ bounded tiles.

Under the local Langlands correspondence, the conductor of an irreducible representation of $\text{G}{{\text{l}}_{n}}\left( F \right)$ is greater than the Swan conductor of the corresponding Galois representation. In this paper, we establish the geometric analogue of this statement by showing that the conductor of a categorical representation of the loop group is greater than the irregularity of the corresponding meromorphic connection.