Based on examination of most species of Brechmorhoga, Gynothemis, Macrothemis, and Scapanea, these four genera are rediagnosed, resulting in the following taxonomic changes: Brechmorhoga archboldi (Donnelly, 1970) comb. nov., Gynothemis pumila (Karsch, 1890) comb. nov., Macrothemis heteronycha (Calvert, 1909) comb. nov., and Macrothemis calliste (Ris, 1913) comb. nov. The male of M. calliste is described and illustrated for the first time.

Cochylis arthuri Dang, new species, pest of wild sunflower, Helianthus sp., from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is described and illustrated.

Proteopteryx Willingana, Kearf.—Two additional specimens; Regina VII., 20. One strongly marked ♀ and one almost unicolorous ♂, the same as the types.

Ancyclis mediofasciana, Clem.—One specimen; Regina, VI., 18. Does not differ from Eastern examples; already recoreded by Dyar from Kaslo.

In 1912 the writer published a preliminary list of the Odonata of the prairie provinces of Canada (Walker, 12a ), in which 49 species were recorded, including 40 from Manitoba. Since that time 23 additional species have been taken in this province and our knowledge of the distribution of those already recorded has been considerably extended. Some of these records have already been published in the “Entomological Record” and elsewhere (see list of references) but they are scattered and incomplete and it therefore seems worth while to bring all the available data together into one paper as a basis for future work on the Manitoba fauna.

Barnes and Lindsey in their monograph of the American Pterophoridae mentioned the fact that they had examined a series of a Platyptilia in the Fernald collection from St. George and St. Paul Islands, Alaska, which was scarcely recognizable as P. pallidactyla Haw., but was placed under this species because of the poor nature of the series.

In the “Canadian Entomologist” for March, 1930 (pp. 54-62) I commented on the Ephenteroptera collected in 1929 by W. J. Brown at various points along the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Further studies by Mr. Brown in 1930 at Thunder River (June 12-28 and Aug. 15-29) and at Bradore Bay (July 4-16 and July 29-Aug. 12) have resulted in a number of additional records which I present in the following paper.

That, my friends, completes the serious part of what I came all the way from New York to say. Our ignorance concerning insects does not depress me because I feel certain that we shall learn. The insect menace does not frighten me because I believe that we can overcome it if we stop our calamity howling and get dorvn to constructive fundamental rvork. In what follows I invite you to join with me in some of the excursions of a museum man who has had the curious Museum experience of having had charge for more than twenty years of a large taxonomic collection without ever describing a new species or changing the name of an old one.

Several writers (Baker, 1917; Patch, 1917, 1918, 1923) have published descriptions and keys for the aphids of the eastern United States. Many of these aphids are found in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. The only published list of the aphids of the latter area is that of Burnham (1938).

The following is a preliminary list for the Maritime Provinces of the aphids of the genus Aphis; collections have been made in various years since 1934. Notes on the dates of collections, hosts, and localities are given for most of the species.

Pachylobius picivorus (Germar) is one of the weevils which is assuming increased importance as a pest of natural and planted pine seedlings. Brood development requires from 100 to 128 days during the summer. Weevils are long lived, with oviposition occurring at a rate of approximately 0.7 eggs per day per female for the life of the insect. There are two population peaks during the year in the Georgia Piedmont. These peaks reflect the response of the weevils to temperature and to developmental cycles.

Aphalara monticola sp. n. is described from 37 ♂ and 49 ♀ collected from Rumex pauciflorus Nutt. in the Kananaskis Valley, Alberta, Canada. A. monticola is closely related to the Nearctic A. rumicis Mally and the Palaearctic A. exilis (Weber & Mohr).

The search for compounds effective in the immunization of crop plants from insects or fungi has been prolonged and, with few exceptions, unsuccessful. It was not until the early 1940's that Kukenthal, in the routine testing of the biological activities of new compounds prepared by the I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G., observed that certain fluorine and phosphorus compounds synthesized by Schrader (1917), had this property and were described by Schrader as suitable for the “internal therapy” of plants. Because of the accepted application of the term therapeutant by Cunningham (1935) to toxicants in general, Shaw and the writer (1947) borrowed the term systemic (meaning that the plant as a whole is affected) to differentiate this type of action from the localized effect of previously known insecticides.

A new genus Pulicalvaria is erected for some species of needle miners formerly placed in the genus Recurvaria Haworth. Included are apicitripunctella Clemens, thujaella Kearfott, piceaella Kearfott, coniferella Kearfott, gibsonella Kearfott, and australis, new species. A new species Exoteleia chillcotti is also described.

The susceptibilities of genetically diverse Canadian spring wheats, Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum Desf., to three aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were investigated. Trophic interactions measured as changes in biomass of aphids and wheat plants were used to quantify levels of resistance, components of resistance, and impact of aphids on yield. Plants in field cages were infested with small numbers of aphids for 21 days at heading. These plants were usually more suitable for the development of S. avenae and S. graminum than of R. padi. Partial resistance, measured as seed production by infested plants as a proportion of that by a control, varied from 11% to 59% for different aphid species and wheat classes when all wheat plants were infested at the same stage. Cultivars within wheat classes responded similarly to each of the aphid species. None of the wheat cultivars showed agriculturally effective levels of antibiosis. The specific impact of each aphid species and wheat class varied from 5 to 15 mg of plant biomass lost for each milligram of biomass gained by the aphids. Canadian Western Red Spring wheat had a lower specific impact and therefore was more tolerant to aphids than the other two classes, but not tolerant enough to avoid economic damage at the aphid densities observed. Plants did not compensate for feeding damage after aphid feeding ceased, based on the higher specific impacts observed for mature plants than for plants that were heading. The interactions between aphids and plants show that current economic thresholds probably underestimate the damage caused by cereal aphids to Canadian spring wheat.

Further experiments were done in an attempt to ascertain the significance of the mandibular glands of nurse bees in female caste differentiation. Groups of 200, 10-day-old nurse bees, with their mandibular glands removed, fed female larvae for 80 h in plastic queen cell cups in the laboratory. After this, each larva finished feeding in a 4-day-old queen cell containing "royal jelly"; final development occurred in an artificial pupation dish. Because four adults, classified as "queenlike intermediates," were reared it appears that (1) mandibular gland secretion is less important as a larval food than that of the hypopharyngeal glands, and (2) if a "queen determining substance" exists the mandibular glands are not its only source.

Detailed estimates of defoliation caused by spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)] over the crown length of young balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.] were made throughout a spruce budworm outbreak from 1976 to 1984 in the Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia. The results show no clear tendency for a particular level of the crown to be damaged more heavily than any other. Thus, there is no reason to continue the common practice of taking samples from the mid-crown level on the assumption that they represent an ‘average’ level of defoliation either for high or low populations. Sampling from the bottom of the crown should provide a more convenient and cost-effective approach for estimating defoliation.