Female. Length about 7 mm., anterior wing 6.5 ; robust, without much hair, the abdomen bare and shining, without hair bands, but the mesopleura with rather abundant greyish-white hair; head and thorax dark green, the thorax posteriorly and at its sides almost black; mandibles black, faintly reddish apically; margin of clypeus black; face shining green; mesothorax dark, more bluish green, dull in front, shining posteriorly; scutellum steel-blue, postscutellum black, but metathorax, seen from above, olive green; legs and abdomen black; antennae black; tegulae dark brown, with minute punctures, only seen under microscope; clypeus flattened in middle, with several longitudinal grooves; front dull; vertex shining blue; mesothorax without distinct sculpture as seen under a lens, but with minute rather sparse punctures on a minutely lineolate surface; scutellum strongly bigibbous, the elevations shining; area of metathorax large, dull, with a shining margin, plications strong on basal half; posterior truncation sharply bounded; wings conspicuously reddish, stigma and nervures dull red ; second cubital cell large, receiving recurrent nervure near end; hair on inner side of hind tarsi pale reddish; hind spur with four very long oblique spines, and a fifth rudimentary one; abdomen without evident punctures, as seen under lens, the microscope shows excessively minute scattered ones.

Continued study of the material in the flea collection at the Dominion Entomological Laboratory at Kamloops, B. C., has emphasized certain mistakes in the literature. Some of the more obvious of these are cited in the following notes.

Seated at my desk this evening, with a copy of Vol. I. of Edwards' Butterflies of North America before me, I am forcibly reminded, as I turn to the magnificent plate designated as “Argynnis I.,” of an experience of my boyhood. My home, from 1858 to the fall of 1863, was in the village of Salem, N. C., famous as one of the most successful of the settlements made by the Moravian Brethren under the lead of the good Count Zinzendorf, and well known throughout the South as the seat of an excellent seminary for young ladies. The war broke out and the hopes cherished of sending me to the North to be educated were in conseqnence disappointed. I was left to pursue my studies under a tutor, and to roam the neighborhood of afternoons in quest of insects, of which I gathered a large collection. Unfortunately my stock of books upon entomology was limited, and aside from an original copy of Say's work, of no especial value. My determination of species was therefore very imperfect.

A set of six microprocessor-controlled mini-environmental chambers (0.04 m3 each) was designed, built, and tested. Chambers are capable of subfreezing temperatures (less than −10 °C) and can operate under constant or time-varying temperature regimes. Chambers are cooled by circulating ethyl alcohol from a reservoir chilled by an immersion cooler. Heat is provided by 17-W cartridge heaters. Temperatures are independently controlled by a single IBM 8088 computer instructing a data acquisition and control system. A single photoperiod is maintained by a commercial timer activating two miniature light bulbs in each chamber. Chamber temperatures were within 0.5 or 0.75 °C of the set temperature 65 or 94% of the time, respectively, during a 39-d test period. Minimum temperature capabilities were estimated for a variety of chamber configurations by an examination of the thermodynamic characteristics of the system.

The name nubilata Pack. which has been generally applied to the species with black hair-pencil at base of primaries on underside and which was figured in the Barnes & McDunnough “Contributions”, will have to be dropped as a homonym. It is preoccupied by C. nubilata Pack., 1867, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 48, proposed for a Labrador species; this name was later sunk by Moeschler (1870, Stett. Ent. Zt., 368), as a synonym of his lugubrata, an action concurred in by Packard (Mon. Geom., 118) who, however, wrongly transferred the name to another species in a varietal sense.

The author (1959) reported on four species of Hymenoptera that had not been previously recorded as parasites of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.). During further studies at Ottawa four more new records were obtained: Three species were primary parasites, namely, Netelia sayi (Cush.) (Ichneumonidae), Nepiera marginata (Prov.) (Ichneumonidae), and Microplitis alaskensis Ashm. (Braconidae); and one species, Catolaccus cyanoideus Burks (Pteromalidae), was a secondary parasite. N. marginata and M. alaskensis were also reared from larvae collected at Kapuskasing, Ontario.

A shift in the average number of an organism from an economic to a non-economic density, the goal of biological control, is usually brought about by the addition to the ecosystem of exotic "key" factors whose lethal action is more efficient and broader in scope than that of the mortality factors already operating.Such a shift in the homeostasis of a pest population can occur only when its protection from the lethal action of key factors is fortuitous. With fortuitous protection (in contrast to absolute protection) host-searching by parasite or predator populations is so unrestricted by physical barriers that no portion of the target population is continuously immune to attack.In many instances after the attainment of low-density homeostasis the controlling action of the added key factor does not appear to be either supplemental to or superimposed on the total pest mortality that had prevailed in the ecosystem but largely a substitution for that mortality through its displacement and greatly amplified replacement. Means for verifying the responsible key factor in a given locality following the importation and establishment of a possible key factor and observations on hierarchies of such factors are reviewed.

Analysis of food webs is important for defining functional components of ecosystems, but dietary data are often difficult to obtain and coarsely characterised. We compared three methods of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum); Salmoniformes: Salmonidae) and prickly sculpin (Cottus asper Richardson; Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae) gut content analysis: traditional morphological taxonomy of prey items, genetic sequencing of individual prey items, and next-generation sequencing of homogenised gut contents. Prey analysis of invertebrates by morphological identification allowed order-level classifications and produced ecologically important count and mass data. Sequencing individual specimens provided greater taxonomic resolution, while next-generation sequencing of stomach contents revealed more prey diversity in the diets of both fish species as it was possible to detect prey that were degraded beyond visual recognition. Both fish species exhibited generalist feeding characteristics; however, terrestrial Insecta were a large diet component for rainbow trout. This study demonstrates an efficient approach for prey analysis using molecular techniques that complement traditional taxonomy.

Much paler in the ground-color of the forewing than the typical form, the olive-gray shades being replaced by whitish; this is particularly evident between the reniform and apex of wing and along the inner margin. The broad blackish shading through central portion of wing from base to outer margin is heavy and a similar shade patch occurs on costa above the orbicular and reniform; the former is filled with white and in consequence is quite a prominent feature of the maculation, the latter is also largely white-filled with a slight ochreous shade in central portion and a strong black border-line on basal side. Secondaries almost pure white with faint traces of smoky terminal shading (somewhat more pronounced in the female) and indications of a smoky postmedian line in costal half of wing. Expanse 35 mm.

The San José scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus Comstock, died within 8 to 22 weeks on McIntosh, Red Delicious, Common Delicious, Winesap, Rome Beauty, and Newtown apples harvested on commercial picking dates and placed in standard cold storage. The scale died in much shorter periods on early maturing varieties than on late maturing varieties.

The later a variety was harvested the longer the fruit had to be stored to kill the scale. The maximum storage period was 32 weeks for Winesaps and Newtowns harvested in early November, approximately 1 month after the commercial picking date.

The storage period required to kill the San José scale on Winesap apples varied from year to year, cool weather in early autumn apparently increasing the storage period.

A new species, Geotrupes (Geotrupes) fisheri, from Nevada de Golima, Jalisco, Mexico, is described and compared with the related Geotrupes cavicollis Bates. Figures and a description of the larva of Ceratotrupes bolivari Halffter and Martinez are included, along with notes on its biology.

The westermanni group of the genus Euxoa is defined, and a key to the eleven constituent North American species is presented. Two species are described as new: chimoensis from Fort Chimo, Quebec, and luteomaculata from montane areas of southern Alberta, southern British Columbia, and northern Washington.

A lightweight and inexpensive cylindrical-sleeve insect cage is described. The cage was constructed of plastic screening and cotton fabric closed by an open-ended zipper. The cage was successfully used to collect insects from rust cankers on the stems and branches of pine trees.

The eggs, larvae, and pupae of Steremnius carinatus (Boh.) are described and characters given to distinguish them from those of Steremnius tuberosus Boh. A key separates the larvae and pupae of S. carinatus from those of S. tuberosus, species of Pissodes, and Scolytidae. The relationship of Steremnius to Pissodes and Hylobius is discussed briefly.

Anthobioides pubescens, an unusual new genus and new species of rove beetle, is described from the Olympic and Mt. Rainier National Parks, WA. The genus is assigned to the Anthobium-group of genera in the tribe Anthophagini, subfamily Omaliinae. The new genus represents the sister group of the genus Camioleum Lewis from Japan. The phylogeny of Anthobioides and Camioleum and their relationship to the other four genera assigned to the Anthobium-group is discussed. All pertinent characters of Anthobioides are illustrated by line drawings or scanning electron photomicrographs.

In March, 1946, the writers reported in Scientific Agriculture (1) that benzene hexachloride showed pronounced fumigant action and that air currents as slow as 2 m.p.h. lowered its effectiveness against insects to a marked extent. The present paper deals with further experiments with benzene hexachloride and gives preliminary data on the fumigant action and effect of air currents on three other chlorinated hydrocarbons, viz., DDT, Hercules Toxicant 3956 (a chlorinated terpene) and Velsicol 1068 (a mixture of isomers with the empirical formul C10 H6 Cl8).