Let R be a local ring with maximal ideal m and let us make the following definition according to the paper [NR] of Northcott and Rees, which is essentially due to F. S. Macaulay.

Consider a nonnegative Hölder continuous 2-form P(z)dxdy on a hyperbolic Riemann surface R (z = x + iy). We denote by PB(R) the Banach space of solutions of the equation Δu = Pu on R with finite supremum norms. We are interested in the question how the Banach space structure of PB(R) depends on P. Precisely we consider two such 2-forms P and Q on R and compare PB(R) and QB(R). If there exists a bijective linear isometry T of PB(R) to QB(R), then we say that PB(R) and QB(R) are isomorphic.

It is a well-known result due to Sjogren [9] that if G is a finitely generated p-group then, for all n ≦ − 1, the (n + 2)-th dimension sub-group Dn+2(G) of G coincides with γn+2(G), the (n + 2)-th term of the lower central series of G. This was earlier proved by Moran [5] for n ≦ p − 2. For p = 2, Sjogren’s result is the best possible as Rips [8] has exhibited a finite 2-group G for which D4G) ≠ γ4(G) (see also Tahara [10, 11]). In this note we prove that if G is a finitely generated metabelian p-group then, for all . It follows, in particular, that, for p odd, for all n ≦ p and all metabelian p-groups G.

Let g be a semi-simple Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field K of characteristic 0. For finite dimensional representations of g, the following important results are known;

We will answer negatively to the question whether the completeness of infinitely sheeted covering surfaces of the extended complex plane have anything to do with their types being parabolic or hyperbolic. This will be accomplished by giving a one parameter family {W[α]: α ∈ A} of complete infinitely sheeted planes W[α] depending on the parameter set A of sequences α = (an)n>1 of real numbers 0 < an ≤ 1/2 (n ≥ 1) such that W[α] is parabolic for ‘small’ α’s and hyperbolic for ‘large’ α’s.

Throughout this paper, we denote by N, Q and R the set of all natural numbers containing 0, the set of all rational numbers, and the set of all real numbers, respectively.

Modifications of balayage spaces are studied which, in probabilistic terms, correspond to killing and transitions (creation of mass combined with jumps). This is achieved by a modification of harmonic kernels for sufficiently small open sets. Applications to coupling of elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations of second order are discussed.

Soient f = (f0, …, fn) un système transcendant dans le plan |z| < ∞ et X = {F} un ensemble de combinaisons des fonctions f0,…,fn, linéaires, homogènes à coefficients constants et linéairement indépendantes n + 1 à n + 1. Alors, combien de combinaisons exceptionnelles au sens de Nevanlinna y-a-t-il dans X? On sait que 1) il y en a une infinité dénombrable au plus en général ([5]) et 2) si l’ordre inférieur de f est égal à zéro, il y en a n au plus ([4]).

We shall prove in the present note a theorem on units of algebraic number fields, applying one of the strongest formulations, be Hasse [3], of Grunwald’s existence theorem.

The interpretations of simplicial cohomology groups for associative commutative algebras and for Lie algebras were given by Beck [2], Iwai [9] and Shimada and others [15,16]. On the other hand, Jonah [10] gave a formulation and an interpretation of the second and third cohomology groups of an associative coalgebra after the Hochschild’s treatment [5 ∽ 8].

A vast class of abstractions are proved self-contradictory by Russell-type paradoxes in the sense that the negation of any one of them can be proved tautologically. On the other hand, there are a vast class of abstractions, each being self-consistent. A simple criterion for abstractions to be self-consistent (a sufficient condition) can be given. However, even a fairly restricted class of abstractions, each satisfying the criterion to be self-consistent, may contradict to each other.

We clarify the class of second and third order ordinary differential equations which can be tranformed to the simplest equations Y″ = 0 and Y‴ = 0. The coordinate changes employed to transform the equations are respectively area preserving maps for second order equations and contact form preserving maps for third order equations. A geometric explanation of the results is also given by using connections and associated covariant differentials both on tangent and cotangent spaces.

According to [4] a meromorphic function h(z) = f(g)(z) is said to have f(z) and g(z) as left and right factors respectively, provided that f(z) is non-linear and meromorphic and g(z) is non-linear and entire (g may be meromorphic when f(z) is rational). h(z) is said to be E-prime (E-pseudo prime) if every factorization of the above form into entire factors implies that one of the functions f, or g is linear (polynomial). h(z) is said to be prime (pseudo-prime) if every factorization of the above form, where the factors may be meromorphic, implies that one of f or g is linear (a polynomial or f is rational).

In the proof of Lemma 12.2, the following inequality (p. 43, line 11) is incorrect.

This should be corrected as follows.

We show that the generic fiber of a family $f:X\rightarrow S$ of smooth $\mathbb{A}^{1}$-ruled affine surfaces always carries an $\mathbb{A}^{1}$-fibration, possibly after a finite extension of the base $S$. In the particular case where the general fibers of the family are irrational surfaces, we establish that up to shrinking $S$, such a family actually factors through an $\mathbb{A}^{1}$-fibration $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}:X\rightarrow Y$ over a certain $S$-scheme $Y\rightarrow S$ induced by the MRC-fibration of a relative smooth projective model of $X$ over $S$. For affine threefolds $X$ equipped with a fibration $f:X\rightarrow B$ by irrational $\mathbb{A}^{1}$-ruled surfaces over a smooth curve $B$, the induced $\mathbb{A}^{1}$-fibration $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}:X\rightarrow Y$ can also be recovered from a relative minimal model program applied to a smooth projective model of $X$ over $B$.

We classify the periodic monodromies which are realized as the monodromies of hyperelliptic families.

Let $I$ and $J$ be homogeneous ideals in a standard graded polynomial ring. We study upper bounds of the Hilbert function of the intersection of $I$ and $g(J)$, where $g$ is a general change of coordinates. Our main result gives a generalization of Green’s hyperplane section theorem.

As usual we denote by H∞(K) the Banach algebra of bounded holomorphic functions on a Riemann surface R equipped with the supremum norm ‖·‖ Consider the ideal I(f1 … fm) of H∞(R) generated by functions f1 …fm in H∞(R). If a function g in H∞(R) belongs to I(f1 … fm or equivalently, if there exist m functions h1 …, hm in H∞(R) with

on R, then common zero points of f1, ... fm are also zero points of g in the following strong sense:

on R for a positive constant δ > 0. The generalized corona problem asks whether the converse is valid or not. In the case g ≡ 1 on R the problem is referred to simply as the corona problem.

We continue the work started in parts (I) and (II) of this series. In this paper, we classify which continuous quivers of type A are derived equivalent. Next, we define the new ${\mathcal {C}(A_{{\mathbb {R}},S})}$ , which we call weak continuous cluster category. It is a triangulated category, it does not have cluster structure but it has a new weaker notion of “cluster theory.” We show that the original continuous cluster category of [15] is a localization of this new weak continuous cluster category. We define cluster theories to be appropriate groupoids and we show that cluster structures satisfy the conditions for cluster theories. We describe the relationship between different cluster theories: some new and some obtained from cluster structures. The notion of continuous mutation which appears in cluster theories (but not in cluster structures) appears in the next paper [20].

In this paper we generalize results of the third paper of this series. As a corollary we can show the following: Let Li (1 ≤ i ≤ n) be a positive definite quadratic form which is equivalent to one of Cartan matrices of Lie algebras of type An (n ≥ 2), Dn (n ≥ 4), E6, E7, E8 and assume that is positive definite quadratic forms and satisfies that rk Mt ≥ 2 and implies rk K or rk L = 1. Then we have n = m and Lt is equivalent to a constant multiple of Ms(i) for some permutation s. Therefore we get the uniqueness of decompositions with respect to tensor products in this case.