L'adhésion toujours croissante de nouveaux membres au Conseil de l'Europe, ainsi que l'augmentation simultanée du nombre d'États parties à la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme, promet de poser des défis inédits à la nouvelle Cour européenne des droits de l'homme — institution unique qui siégera en permanence à Strasbourg à compter du 1er novembre 1998. Diverses théories existent quant au type de défis que cette nouvelle Cour devra relever. Il en est une toutefois dont on ne peut pas faire abstraction et selon laquelle la Cour devra probablement traiter un plus grand nombre d'affaires résultant de situations de conflit. Le juge Jambrek, en préconisant la retenue et le conservatisme judiciaires dans une opinion dissidente qu'il a émise, a attiré l'attention sur le fait que la Cour pourrait avoir à se pencher sur les événements qui se sont déroulés dans la région croate de la Kraijna, en République Srpska, ainsi que dans d'autres parties de la Bosnie-Herzégovine ou en Tchétchénie.

Le but de cette brève étude est tout d'abord de faire ressortir l'importance que revêt, pour les réfugiés et personnes déplacées à l'intérieur de leur pays (ci-après personnes déplacées), le droit international humanitaire, et, en particulier, les Conventions de Genève de 1949 et leurs Protocoles additionnels de 1977. Non seulement cette branche du droit international protège ces catégories de personnes lorsqu'elles sont victimes de conflits armés, mais encore ses règles, si elles étaient appliquées scrupuleusement, permettraient d'empêcher la plupart des déplacements.

Los cinco helicópteros rusos de transporte levantaban mucho polvo cuando, el 15 de junio de 1997, depositaban en Cartagena de Chairá su valiosa carga: 70 soldados de las fuerzas armadas gubernamentales, apresados por la guerrilla tras haber perdido un combate, nueve meses y medio antes. Con el espectacular aterrizaje en la selva comenzaba su libertad y finalizaba, asimismo, un trágico episodio de guerra, que había humillado a los altos mandos militares y había tenido a todo el país en ascuas. Tanto mayor fue la alegría cuando los 70 soldados, dados por desaparecidos, pudieron finalmente abrazar a la respectiva madre y toda Colombia pudo abrigar, durante algunos instantes, le dulce ilusión de una paz cercana. En presencia de observadores internacionales y de incontables periodistas, los jefes de la guerrilla concluyeron con un patético festejo la entrega de los soldados al CICR. Luego, éstos volvieron a subir a los helicópteros.

Since the adoption of the first United Nations Security Council (UNSC) counterterrorism resolution after the 9/11 attacks, the UNSC has increasingly required the domestic criminalization of “terrorism” acts and ancillary activities. Without the inclusion of an explicit international humanitarian law (IHL) or humanitarian exception, the UNSC has – so far – failed to harmonize the counterterrorism legal framework with IHL, leaving it up to States to define the interaction between the two. In their national legislation and courts, States’ interpretations have varied but counterterrorism legislations have been used to adjudicate conducts in armed conflicts, regardless of their legality under IHL. As the domestication of UNSC offences is ongoing, good practices are highlighted in this paper and recommendations are offered to ensure the development of international customary law in accordance with IHL.

Con profunda tristeza, el CICR se enteró del fallecimiento, el 5 de noviembre de 1991, a la edad de 80 años, del profesor Stanislaw E. Nahlik.

Los miembros del Comité Internacional y muchos de sus colaboradores que lo conocían bien deploran la desaparición de un gran humanista de nuestro tiempo, que dedicó su vida a la defensa y a la promoción del derecho.

Nacido el 8 de mayo de 1911 en Lvov (Polonia), Stanislaw Nahlik hizo sus estudios en la Universidad Johann-Casimir de Lvov, donde obtuvo, en 1933, licenciaturas en Derecho y en Ciencias Políticas. En 1936, entró en el servicio diplomático de la República de Polonia y sucesivamente, trabajó en el Consulado General de Polonia en Londres y, de 1939 a 1946, en la Embajada de Polonia en Berna.

The ICRC learned with great sorrow of the death of Mr. Marc Blaser, a radio operator in Angola, on 16 December 1985.

Twenty-one years old and single, Marc Blaser went to Angola in October 1985 on his first mission for the ICRC. In the evening of 16 December, while in the neighbourhood of Lobito, he was killed in an armed attack. An inquiry is in progress to determine the exact circumstances of this tragic incident.

Although he had only recently joined the institution, Marc Blaser was highly thought of by all his colleagues for his good nature and his competence. The ICRC is grieved by the loss of this young delegate and has expressed to his parents and friends its profound sympathy.

The promotion of world peace, although of concern to the Red Cross, was for a long time outside the purview of its programme of action. However, after the First World War the International Red Cross, sharing the hopes of the nations, declared its intention to work thenceforth, not only in time of peace, but also for peace. Since that time, nearly all International Conferences of the Red Cross have adopted resolutions on the contribution which the Red Cross could make to this noble cause.

Among the increasingly frequent acts of non-compliance with, and grievous violations of, international humanitarian law around the world, especially in non-international armed conflicts, attacks on objects and persons enjoying special protection, and their abuse, as well as the misuse of the distinctive emblems of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, come as no surprise. Although a repressive approach to the problem – through the prosecution and punishment of perpetrators – cannot completely prevent such occurrences, an effective and appropriate judicial stigmatisation can significantly contribute to making them as rare as possible. In this regard, the court proceedings held before the War Crimes Chamber in Belgrade and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague in connection with the events in and around the Vukovar Hospital and Ovčara farm have provided an appropriate judicial response. This is notwithstanding the fact that, at least for now, not all perpetrators have been prosecuted for their acts (or failure to act) at the time of the commission of these grave crimes.

It comes natural these days to associate the concept of solidarity with the universality of the work of the Red Cross. Serving the same ideal, respecting the same principles, carrying out similar activities, Red Cross Societies are linked to each other and belong, as it were, to a single body, the International Red Cross.

The solidarity, born of the very structure of the Red Cross movement, is also a powerful incentive, for it manifests itself in the active co-operation of all Red Cross members for the benefit of the whole. The urge which Red Cross men and Societies have to help each other beyond national boundaries has become so strong over the years that it is not too presumptuous to adopt it as a Red Cross principle. By giving the concept of charity a universal dimension for the benefit of suffering mankind, solidarity is akin to the principles of humanity and universality of which it is both the emanation and the moving force.

In 1976 the League adopted a new constitution. Four years of study, research and discussion were necessary until the special commission, set up by the Board of Governors in 1973, with the co-operation of National Societies, came up with what is to be the charter of the League for years to come.