Ambulatory actigraphy is a simple and objective method for the evaluation of motor activity that is used in several neuropsychiatric disoders such as depression, agitation, apathy, and sleep disorders.

To evaluate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of actigraphic postural detection versus postural data gathered by observer during multiple guided activities.

A voluntary healthy subject was equipped with different actigraphs (Actiwatch®; MicroMini- Motionlogger®; MotionLog®; Movilis®) then realized multiple guided activities during a 7-hour diurnal period : walking, standing, sitting, decubitus with sleep. Actigraphs were worn on different locations (wrists, thorax, ankles, belt) and two of them included postural recognition in addition to motor activity monitoring. Se and Sp for postural recognition compared to ground-truth were obtained from table of confusion based on raw activity data recordings; error of attribution due to devices is detailed in confusion matrix.

Actigraphy postural recognition is efficient for lying position detection (MotionLog: Se 99% Sp 97%; Movilis: Se 80% Sp 72%). Standing position was mainly recognized as sitting position and therefore actigraphic detection lacks of accuracy for these positions. Walking is detected with 20% error.

Postural actigraphy is efficient for lying position detection and actigraphic postural recognition could improve detection and characterization of nocturnal awakenings and diurnal napping in clinical practice.

Combatants with PTSD demonstrate a considerable change of personal characteristics but changes related to sexuality are barely studied though this area determines adaption to microsocium, helps establish emotional relationships and so on. Correlations between combat-related PTSD symptoms and sexuality are indistinct.

We studied interrelation between sexuality as a central I-function and PTSD symptoms using ISTA test and The Mississippi Scale within the group consisting of 682 male combatants among which 149 respondents had expressed PTSD symptoms and 533 men had subclinical symptoms.

Sexuality in combatants with PTSD was characterized by rising destructive manifestations, deficit of constructive forms and constancy of deficiency. The group with subclinical PTSD symptoms showed insignificant rise in destructive activity compensated by increase of constructive components of sexuality while its deficiency components demonstrated considerable fall.

Combatants displayed malfunction in sexual sphere characterized by resort to abnormal and unaccepted norms, such sexual activity is often offensive both to partners and combatants and can result in sexual abuse. Personal disposition to establish relationships and derive enjoyment from intercourse is damaged at different levels and sometimes is retarded. These abnormalities are conditioned by intensity of manifested PTSD symptoms and may be part of other combat-related PTSD symptoms, such as impulsivity, aggression and others. Low values of PTSD indicate that combatants are apt to reduced prohibitions in sexual activity and moderate tendency to sexual abuse, but these trends are hypercompensated by an ability to establish mature sensual relationships and by understanding needs at different levels.

The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) is considered the gold standard of attachment assessment, but is expensive and time consuming. The Relationship Scale Questionaire (RSQ) is a self-report assessment of attachment, but measures different constructs.

We investigated how each measure correlates with brain activity in attachment-related tasks: conscious valence and salience appraisal of mother's face.

28 female subjects ages 18–30 were given the AAI and RSQ. Using fMRI subjects viewed pictures of their mother and were asked to rate how good the image made them feel (valence rating) and how related they felt (salience rating). Brain activity correlating with AAI and RSQ measures of attachment security and dismissingness was determined by linear regression.

Salience processing and valence processing were associated with increased thalamo-striatal, posterior cingulate and visual cortex activity. Salience processing was associated with bilateral decrease in PFC activity. In salience processing AAI secure subjects had attenuated visual cortex response and increased lingual gyrus activity while RSQ secure subjects had decreased right temporal lobe activity and AAI dismissing subjects had enhanced left PFC deactiviation while RSQ dismissing subjects had increased left temporal pole and visual cortex activity. In valence processing RSQ secure subjects demonstrated increased left insula activity and AAI dismissing subjects demonstrated bilateral increase in thalamic and posterior cingulate activation.

AAI and RSQ measures of attachment measure different constructs with divergent patterns of associated brain activity. AAI measures of attachment tap midline structures (pre-reflective/unconscious attachment processing), while RSQ measures tap lateral structures (cognitive/conscious attachment processing).

The clinical diagnosis of personality disorder in adolescence tends to be conservative and unspecific.

To examine the prevalence of personality disorder, and the involvement of stigma effect in adolescents with Axis I psychiatric disorders.

A sample of 100 patients with psychiatric disorders (M = 15.8, SD = 0.9 years, range 15-17, 70% women), were assessed and diagnosed for personality disorders in a mental health public centre.

The prevalence of PD identified by clinicians (12%), differs from the prevalence identified by the semi-structured interview (34–37%) showing a greater number (p < .001) of people affected. In the present sample most of the cases identified by clinicians are related to personality disorders (PD) not otherwise specified, while with the implementation of semi-structured interviews, most of the sample met criteria for Cluster B PDs. Additionally, 11% of the sample has dimensional pathological features (probable PD) without complying categorically the criteria for a full PD.

In clinical settings, a considerable proportion of adolescents with psychopathology meet features for PD, although few of them have a confirmed clinical diagnosis. Considerations about impact of the stigma are discussed.

What are the FDA and EMEA approved Psychotropic Medications for Psychiatric Illnesses? What do these approval processes mean?

Describe the process for FDA/ EMEA approval of drugs used to treat psychiatric disordres, identify disorders of DSM-IV TR commonly seen in Medicine, present currently FDA/EMEA approved Psychotropic Medications for Psychiatric Illnesses in International Medicine.

To identify psychiatric disorders of DSM-IV TR commonly seen in Medicine and have access to a FDA/EMEA approved Psychotropic Medications.

The FDA and its European Counterpart, the EMEA are recognized for enforcing two of the world's most rigorous review processes, determining what medications are safe/effective, which makes their approval a meaningful title to patients. A readily accessible list of DSM-IV TR Psychiatric disorders with the corresponding FDA and EMEA approved medications listed would help communication between providers and patients and prevent bad outcomes. Currently, no such document is readily available.

Review of most commonly seen psychiatric disorders in International Medicine. Review of the current FDA Orange book for current FDA approved Psychotrop Medications for Common Psychiatric Illnesses.

A list of DSM-IV TR Psychiatric disorders commonly seen in Medicine with the corresponding FDA/EMEA approved medications listed.

To create a user friendly document listing common DSM-IV TR Psychiatric disorders seen in the US military setting with the corresponding FDA approved psychotropic medications to aid healthcare providers, and educate patients about the significance of using a medication for its FDA approved diagnoses versus “off-label” prescribing, and to compare this process to the EMEA process.

Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a genetically heterogenous and rare disorder characterized by the combination of hypothalamic hypogonadism and anosmia/hyposmia. In about one third of the patients, mutations have been identified in at least seven different genes. Apart from one published case report, virtually no data are available about possible neuropsychiatric symptoms in KS.

Studying the putative relationship between KS and schizophrenia.

Investigating the genetic etiology in a patient with a clinical diagnosis of KS and paranoid schizophrenia.

Detailed diagnostic evaluation including genetic analysis of an adult male patient with paranoid schizophrenia, hypogonadism and anosmia.

Psychiatric examination of the 28-years-old male patient disclosed negative psychotic symptoms only, following an acute paranoid schizophrenic episode one year before. He used 15mg aripiprazole daily and testosterone gel 20mg/gr. Hormonal panel showed extremely low levels of LH and FSH. MRI scanning of the brain demonstrated complete absence of the olfactory bulbs. Otolaryngeal examination disclosed complete anosmia. Neuropsychological assessment revealed subaverage intelligence distinctly disconcordant with premorbid functioning, markedly lowered speed of information processing, and impaired executive and social cognitive functions. Genome wide SNP array analysis and mutation analyses for the KAL1, FGFR1, PROK2, PROKR2, FGF8 and CHD7 genes, disclosed no genetic imbalance or any pathogenic mutation.

This first report on a patient with KS and paranoid schizophrenia in whom extensive genetic analyses were performed, stipulates the need for studying a possible increased risk for psychiatric symptoms in patients with KS.

The Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMD) is characterized by intellectual disability (ID), childhood hypotonia, severely delayed or absent speech, and autistic features without major dysmorphisms and somatic anomalies. Haploinsufficiency of the SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3) gene in 22q13.3 is thought to be causative for the PMD-phenotype comprising, in addition to sleep disturbances and deficits in language and communication, several behavioural abnormalities and increased reactivity to sensory stimuli. Data about neuropsychological dysfunctions or psychiatric symptoms are not available as yet.

Investigating the possible psychopathological phenotype of PMD.

Diagnostic evaluation of one geriatric female and two male adult patients.

Detailed neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological examination of 3 patients with genetically proven PMD.

In an adult male with a history of mood and behaviour fluctuations, psychiatric examination at the age of 24 disclosed symptoms of a severe major depression with irritability, loss of initiative, and marked sleep disturbances. Severe ID and marked deficits in expressive and receptive language were established. After addition of nortriptyline to valproic acid, depressive symptoms gradually remitted. His older brother has a similar history but with less severe symptomatology. The 70- years-old institutionalized female patient, had a history of affective and behavioural imbalance over many decades. Monotherapy with carbamazepine led to acceptable stabilization. Genetic evaluation in the two brothers and the female patient demonstated an identical loss of 2.15Mb and a 610kb deletion in 22q13.3, respectively, all including SHANK3 gene.

Provisonal diagnosis of atypical bipolar disorder could be made in all three patients.

Depression affects up to 20% of alle women entering perimenopause. The symptoms of depression are often debilitating and are related to the decrease of the steroid hormones progesterone and estrogen. Treatments such as SSRIS and SNRIs often worsen the physical symptoms of perimenopause such as hot flashes and there is some evidence that a decrease of estrogen inhibits the effectiveness of SSRIs. Thus, we investigated whether agomelatin was effective in treating perimenopausal depression without worsening hot flashes and other perimenopausal-related physical symptoms.

35 women with moderate to severe depression related to perimenopause as diagnosed by a typical hormonal constellattion and by systematic psychiatric assessment were treated with agomelatin for 6 weeks. Symptom change of both depression and of physical symptoms was evaluated weekly by several rating scales.

Agomelatin improved both depression and physical symptoms of perimenopause, particularly hot flashes and night sweats. After 6 weeks 70% of the women reported remission from depression and all said that their sleeping pattern had improved as well as their overall quality of life. They related this strongly to the significant improvment of hot flashes and night sweats.

Agomelatin improves both depressive and physical symptoms of perimenopause. Since hot flashes and night sweats are among the most debilitating symptoms of perimenpause and since about 80% of women suffers from them, agomelatin might be a good option for those women who do not want HRT.

Sex, family environment, which is a natural extension of acceptance and satisfaction in preserving the familial system is effective for delivery due to circumstances during sexual behavior changes. But it changes because of special conditions of women daring pregnancy and after child birth.

120 cases of married women (60 women and 60 children with no children), age range 30-20 years, with a non-random sampling Vbgvnh available at the health centers were selected Vmtb specialty Obstetrics & Gynecology.

Showed that women who have not yet lived through the experience of pregnancy and improve sexual function (p =) 0/017) and the nature of marital satisfaction than And the mean score for each group, the average sexual women without children 6/3 and for women with children 3/3 is.

The results suggest that married women without children also benefit satisfaction marital sexual satisfaction scores than women who have experienced childbirth have gained.

And this is indicative of the important role satisfaction marital sex is important to mention that other factors are likely to determine the cause of marital sexual satisfaction, age, marital duration, economic factor have an important role in this field.

Examination of social factors such as (Age, sex and personal) records like economic and educational - Family condition on suicide.

The sample society consists of too individuals who take action of suicide and they call on the emergency center of Zaveh.

The method is non-accident available sampling and the sample society are those who call on the hygiene and treatment clinics and emergency centers. These person fill the questionnaires by consent and after we explain about our Goal.

Results showd that suicidal people between 13 of55 years in ages 18 of 20 people. Most suicidal patients.the women the mostsuicidal people(69% vs 31%) as well as single people than married 96%percent of the suicides and deaths can not be missed conclusion.

The results showd a significant realation between age.education and marital status are also significant realation between socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders with with suicide.

Sex, family environment, which is a natural extension of acceptance and satisfaction in preserving the familial system is effective for delivery due to circumstances during sexual behavior changes. But it changes because of special conditions of women daring pregnancy and after child birth.

A total of 120 married women (60 women and 60 children with no children), age range 30-20 years, with a nonrandom sampling available at the health centers were selected b specialty Obstetrics & Gynecology.

showed that women who have not yet lived through the experience of pregnancy and improve sexual function (p = 0/017) had., And in front of a group of married women who have children are having more sexual satisfaction. With a secure attachment style are.

The results suggest that there is a significant relationship between attachment style and sexual function. Thus a decrease in sexual function in women with children to insecure attachment (Avoidant and Ambivalent) to eat. indicated that attachment styles are very important This shows that it attachment styles have main role on sexual performance.

Everyone experiences stress during the lifetime, a process. Stress is environmental and psychologicalphenomena, that is, stressful stimulus threatening or endangering it, is called stress.

To select respondents, first, three schools were selected, and then some samples were selected randomly out of them. Sampling was done in three schools, out of which three classes (first, second, third) were selected; so, out of each school, 24 subjects (8 from first grade, 8 from second grade, 8 from third grade) were selected, so that, the sample, totally, consisted of 72 subjects.

The highest score is related to anxiety (X-45) and the lowest score is elated to rational justification. The highest average ( =30.2) was related to anxiety and the lowest average (( = 3) was related to esteem.

To sum up, out of the all variables of defensive mechanisms only simulation, offering excuses, are related meaningfully with regression and fantasy with regression, and rational justification with certainty level 1- and the other variables of defensive mechanism are not meaningful.

The present study investigates and compares in blind and normal students.social adjustment and self esteem.

To this end, a 120-subject sample, 60 blind students (30 male and 30 female), 60 normal students (30 male and 30 female), 12 to 18 years old, were selected. In data collection, we have used Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and Gresham & Elliot social adjustment questionnaire; also Pearson Correlation Coefficient and T-Test were used to test the hypotheses.

Based on the Pearson Correlation results between social adjustment and self-esteem in blind students there is meaningful relationship. But this relationship is not meaningful for normal students.

Comparing the average self-esteem in normal & blind students as well as social adjustment in blind & normal students, social adjustment in normal males and females, self esteem of blind males and females, shows no meaningful differences between both averages.

Comparing self-esteem in normal male and female students shows meaningful difference.

Increasing evidence indicates that major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with cognitive as well as mood disturbances.

To evaluate cognitive function and white matter structure, resting-state brain function in first-episode, treatmentnaive patients with MDD.

To explore brain structure and function mechanisms of cognitive impairment in MDD.

46 Han Chinese MDD patients aged 18–45 year and 46 controls were assessed by a series of validated test procedures.Then, 30 patients and 30 controls were obtained by MRI scan.White matter abnormalities evaluated using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were analyzed using tract based spatial statistics (TBSS) and resting-state brain function was evaluated using regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis.

Cognitive impairment in patients with MDD was demonstrated by reduced accuracy in the Wisconsin Card Sorting test (WSCT) and to a lesser extent the Continuous Performance test (CPT) and Trail Making tests (TMT). White matter abnormalities found in the left cerebellum, and resting-state abnormalities present in the left inferior parietal gyrus, left anterior cingulate nucleus and left hippocampal gyrus were associated with impaired performance in the WSCT and CPT tests. We also showed that poor WSCT performance was associated with increased interconnectivity between the left ventral anterior cingulate nucleus and the medial frontal lobe areas.

The present study indicates cognitive disturbances in patients with MDD are associated with white matter and resting-state changes and altered interconnections in specific brain areas.

Depressivity-free are 15 of examined employees (26.41%), three of them (5.66%) are depressive in remission. Depressive with other disorders are 28 employees (52.83%), and eight non-medical workers (15.09%) need depression medical treatment. Considering the female examinees, 7 of them are depression-free (22.58%), two of them are depressive in remission (6.45%), 16 of them are depressive with other disorders (51.61%), and 6 female examinees (19.35%) need depression medical curing.

The separate male results are following:

Seven male examinees are depression-free (31.8%), one of them (4.54%) belongs to the depression in remission cathegory, 12 of them (54.54%) are depressive with other disorders, and 2 male examinees (9.09%) need depression medical treatment.

Above mentioned proves the greater depression occurance at female examinees.

The suicidal thoughts are present at 5.66% of the examined workers.

Results denotes depression level at the examined group, and primarily give accent to the etiologic factors for depression origin. Considerably factors involved in this problem, among the others, are the low social-economic status and numerous traumatic events in the recent time period.

Cognitive theory is a model applicable to schizophrenia, in some of its symptoms and stages, since it achieves a better understanding and organization of thoughts and belief system.