Suicidal behaviour is the cause of many frequent visits to the emergency room and is a serious health problem. The relationship between the use of a diverse range of psychotropics and suicidal behaviour is a cause of great controversy.

The objective of this study is to see if there exists a relationship between the consumption of antidepressants, antipyschotics and benzodiazepines and the apparition of suicidal behaviour.

A retrospective study of case histories and control groups was undertaken. The data was collated from the computerised clinical histories of in-patients at the “Unidad de Hospitalización Breve de Psiquiatría del Hospital San Telmo de Palencia” from 2006 to 2011. The cases used are those where the patient had a diagnosed suicidal tendency and for each case two controls we taken into consideration- age and gender. Exposure to the psychotropics was also taken into consideration in the three months previous to the appearance of suicidal behaviour. The raw odds were calculated and adjusted for severity of the condition within the confidence ratio.

1. The anti-depressants are associated with a larger risk of suicidal behaviour. However the effect is not dependent on the seriousness of the patients condition.

2. The anti-pyschotics are associated with a reduction in the suicidal behaviour which is congruent with the effect which they have on behaviour.

3. The benzodiazepines are associated with a slight increase of suicidal behaviours and the effects are more evident in the patients with less serious conditions.

Quality of life (QOL) has recently been recognized as an important goal of psychiatric and mental health care and has been increasingly used to evaluate health care outcomes in patients with schizophrenia.

The major objectives of this study were to examine levels and correlations of QOL, social support, and severity of psychiatric symptoms as well as to identify the variables that predict QOL among Jordanian patients with schizophrenia.

Descriptive cross-sectional design was used employing structured interview method from 160 patients selected through systematic random sampling from two psychiatric outpatient clinics.

Results showed that the highest QOL domain was social relationship and the highest source of social support was from significant others. Severity of affective symptoms was the highest and the severity of positive symptoms was the lowest. QOL correlated positively with social support, patients’ educational and income level, and employment; and negatively with severity of psychiatric symptoms, duration of untreated illness, and duration of treatment. Support from friends, duration of untreated illness, income level, and severity of affective symptoms predicted QOL and accounting for 47.3% of the variance.

This study confirms poor QOL in schizophrenia despite significant improvement in various methods of treatment. Enhancing social support, decreasing the duration of untreated illness, encouraging working and employment, and controlling affective symptoms will improve QOL of patients with schizophrenia.

To investigate the cross cultural difference in driver behaviours; violations, errors and lapses and compare driving behaviours of four countries; Qatar, Jordan, Indian subcontinent and Philippines.

The Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) was used to measure the driving behaviour and accident involvement. A representative sample of 1,824 drivers participated.

Majority of the Qatari (35.9%) and Jordanian drivers (37.5%) were below 30 years, whereas Philippino (42.3%) and Indian subcontinental (34.1%) drivers were in the age group 30-39 years. Qatari drivers (52%) were more involved in accidents, followed by Jordanians (48.3%). The most common type of collision was head on collision which was similar in four countries. The Qatari drivers scored higher on almost all items of violations, errors and lapses, while Philipino drivers were lower on all the items. All ten items of violations were reported in the Qatar sample. “Disregard the speed limits on a motorway” was the violation observed more frequent in four countries. Errors were reported less in all countries. “Queing to turn right/left on to a main road…… nearly hit the car” was the most common error observed in studied drivers. Lapses were higher in Indian drivers, followed by Qatari and Jordanian drivers. “Forget where you left your car …….hit something when reversing” were the two most common lapses reported in four countries.

Qatari drivers scored higher on most of the items of violations, errors and lapses compared to other countries, whereas Philippino drivers scored lower in DBQ items.

To examine the effect of age, gender and psychological distress on driver behaviour and accident involvement and also to examine the differences in driving skills, driver behaviour and performance and its effects on Road Traffic Crashes [RTCs] in Qatar.

This is a cross-sectional and representative of 1824 drivers participated in this survey using socio-demographic information, Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ), and Driver Skill Inventory(DSI).

Mean age was 36.5 years for males, and 36.8 for females (p= 0.013). There was a significant difference between males and females regarding education level (p= 0.013). Significantly higher proportion of males (62% vs. 57%; p 0.035) having 4WD. More than half of females were using mobile phones during driving (51% vs. 39%; p < 0.001). Higher proportion of males reported usually excessive speeding as compare females (39% vs. 28%; p < 0.001). Mean scores of males were significantly higher on the violations regarding driving close to the front car pushing the driver to speed or get out of way (p= 0.012), disregarding red traffic signals (p=0.011), disregarding speed limits at night (p< 0.001) and on the motorway (p< 0.001). Overall, males were significantly higher skilled as compared to females (mean score 40.6 vs. 38.7; p 0.001). Significantly higher proportion of females involved in head on collision.

Age, gender and use of seat belt, and talking on mobile were main predictors for motor crashes and injuries. The challenge for public health is to modify risk-taking behaviour in young males and females drivers to reduce dangerous driving practices.

ADHD is the pattern that includes lasting less attention or hyperactivity and impulsive behavior that is more severe than expected given the age and developmental level of the child. Recent studies were reported different prevalence of psychiatric disorders co morbidity with ADHD.

This study evaluates the prevalence of psychiatric disorders comorbidity in children with ADHD admitted to Akhavan Hospital(Kashan-Iran).

In this cross-sectional study all children referred to child psychiatric Clinic (Akhavan Hospital 1389–1390) with diagnosis of ADHD were interviewed by child and adolescent psychiatrist for psychiatric comorbidity according to DSM-IV criteria. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.

200 children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder were studied. The mean age was 1.23 ± 7.35 years. 167 children (83.5%) had 5–9 years old .132(66%) were male. 107 (53.5%) had psychiatric disorder comorbidity. The highest comorbidities with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder were OCD and then Enuresis and ODD respectively. The relation between sex, age and type of psychiatric dis comorbidity was Significant.

Considering that the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders comorbidity such as OCD,Enuresis and ODD in childern with ADHD, Diagnosis and proper treatment of these disorders is necessary in this children. More studies is recommended for detection and proper treatment these psychiatric disorder comorbidities.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between nurses’ exposure to workplace bullying and PTSD symptomology and the protective role of intrapersonal resources (psychological capital).

Workplace bullying has serious organizational and health effects in healthcare which threaten the quality of patient care. Few studies have examined the relation of workplace bullying to serious mental health outcomes, such as PTSD. In addition, the buffering effect of intrapersonal resources to protect nurses from effects of workplace bullying has not been studied.

A provincial survey of hospital nurses (n = 1205) was conducted to study the relationship between workplace bullying and PTSD and whether intrapersonal resources (Psycap) influenced this relationship. Nurses completed 3 standardized measures of bullying, PTSD, and Psycap.

A moderated regression analysis revealed that more frequent exposure to workplace bullying was significantly related to PTSD symptomology (R2 = .38). Psycap was not a significant moderator. Bullying exposure and Psycap were significant independent predictors of PTSD symptoms (β = .52 and -.21, respectively).

Workplace bullying appears to have a positive relationship with PTSD, a serious mental health outcome. This effect was not mitigated by Psycap, posited to be a protective against workplace stressors. This suggests that workplace bullying is a serious threat to nurses’ health requiring attention of hospital management.

The family is the first universal institutional system that is necessary for human survival and development. The relationship between family members determine predisposition to illness and health.

The purpose of this study is to examine differences in perception between patients with schizophrenia and their normal siblings with regard to family functioning and support.

In this cross sectional study fifty schizophrenic patients admitted in 2 psychiatric hospital in shiraz and their 50 normal siblings were participated. A demographic questionnaire, The Perceived Social Support-Family Scale and Family Assessment Device were completed by participants.

Significant differences were noted in perception of family structure and family support between patients with schizophrenia and their normal siblings (p = 0.001). Score of general family function, problem solving and emotional responsiveness in patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower than their normal siblings (P< 0.001).

Patients with schizophrenia perceive their family structure and support more negatively than their sibling. This difference was more significant in problem solving and emotional responsiveness dimensions. Family psycho education and therapy in patients with schizophrenia must consider these aspects of family dysfunction.

Professional guidelines for forensic interviews of children have emphasized cognitive factors associated with children's memory retrieval and paid less attention to the emotional factors that may inhibit the cooperativeness of reluctant interviewees.

The current study explored whether an additional focus on rapport-building altered the dynamics of interviews with alleged victims of intra-familial abuse, and increased abuse disclosures.

426 4- to 13-year-old suspected victims of intra-familial abuse were interviewed using either the NICHD Investigative Interview Standard Protocol (SP) or a Revised Protocol (RP) designed to enhance rapport between the child and interviewer.

Children were more likely to make valid (corroborated) allegations of abuse when the RP was employed, with variation according to age, gender and prior disclosure. Similar patterns were evident in a larger sample of 1424 which included non-corroborated cases.

Subsequent analyses focusing on a subset of interviews (n=200) were designed to explore differences in the dynamics of the interviews using the SP or RP which may account for the increase of allegation rates using the RP.

The interviews were coded to identify expressions of the interviewers’ support and the children's reluctance and uncooperativeness in the pre-substantive portions of the interviews.

As expected, RP interviews contained more supportive comments and fewer unsupportive comments. Children interviewed in this way showed reduced reluctance, with remarkably fewer expressions of resistance and denial but also fewer omissions.

Focus on rapport-building altered the interview dynamics, rendering reluctant children more cooperative and more likely to disclose their abuse.

Alcohol abuse is the cause of many somatic diseases, more severe illness manifestation, and the premature patient deaths.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of alcohol abuse and dependence among patients with a c somatic diseases hospitalized in emergency multidisciplinary hospital.

Within five days, 807 patients were examined with the help of clinical and psychometric tools: specially designed patient study card, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). In addition, all patients were tested for AST, ALT, GGT, and blood ethanol. In 1.5 months treatment outcomes were analyzed.

The study revealed a high percentage of patients with substance abuse disorders (about a quarter). The vast majority of them (80%) had a problems with alcohol. About the same number of patients admitted to hospital in varying degrees of alcohol intoxication. Among patients admitted to somatic hospitals, “hidden” contingent of people who have problems with alcohol is much greater than the “left out” (who consulted in the specialized addiction outpatient clinic). The majority of this hidden contingent did not seek any specialized treatment. Alcohol was found as a significant risk factor for urgent hospitalization, more severe disease manifestation and outcome. Alcohol problem were often observed in toxicology patients, patients with head injury, burns, diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system and diabetes.

A program for qualified treatment intervention in somatic patients with alcohol problems is needed.

In competitive world of today, stress is not preventable. Stress may result in different behavioral, hormonal and/or molecular pathologies.

To our knowledge all the studies up to know, in this field is limited to stress victims, in their own generation not their next generation at all.

In order to study any possible foot print of parent's stress on their off springs we planned this study.

48 male and female 250 gr adult rats were divided to four groups (n=12). Stressed and control. To induce stress, forced swim stress was administered daily 15 min for 21 continuous days. Mating between groups resulted in four type of pups.

Stressed both mother and father, just mother stressed, just father stressed, and non-stressed parents.

So, we can conclude that anxiety could be transferred from parents to offspring. off springs were studied at 30th day of age by elevated plus maze and biochemical studies for corticosterone plasma level.

Our results showed a higher corticosterone plasma leve and anxiety-like behavior in victim pups in comparison to control.

Our results showed anxiety in victim pups, but not the pups with normal parents. So, we can conclude that anxiety could be transferred from parents to offsprings.

General physicians (GPs) have essential role in patient care and are exposed to high levels of job stress. GPs mental health affect on their functional ability and their medical management.

This study was carried out to evaluate the mental health of GPs in emergency wards in kashan university of medical sciences (IRAN).

In this cross-sectional study, all of GPs in emergency wards include 90 subjects were studied. Survey instruments were two questionnaires:1-demographic variables and 2- General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28).Data were analyzed by using spss soft ware and chi square, fisher- exact,mann-whitney statistical tests.

The mean age of GPs was 36.11±5.67. 89.7% of them were married and 60.3%were male. In the study 41% GPs had mental health problem. The mean score of GHQ was 22.56±9.24.There was significant relation between mental health and age, employment situation and number of child. (p< 0.05).older physicians had better mental health than younger physicians.There was significant relation between employment situation with anxiety and somatic symptom. (p=0.017). (p=0.03)There wasn’t a significant relation between mental health and sex and marital status. (p>0.05).

The results indicated that significant rate of GPs of emergency wards had mental disorder. Then further attention should be given to the mental health of general physicians in emergency wards by mental health providers for decreasing medical mismanage and mortality.

General physicians (GPs) have essential role in patient care and are exposed to high levels of job stress. GPs mental health affect on their functional ability and their medical management.

This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of GPs mental health in emergency wards in kashan university of medical sciences (IRAN).

In this cross-sectional study, all of GPs in emergency wards include 90 subjects were studied. Survey instruments were two questionnaires:

• 1- demographic variables and

• 2- General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28).

The mean age of GPs was 36.11±5.67. 89.7% of them were married, 60.3%were male. In the study 41% GPs had mental health problem. The mean score of GHQ was 22.56±9.24.There was significant relation between mental health and age, employment situation and number of child. (p< 0.05).older physicians had better mental health than younger physicians. There was significant relation between employment situation with anxiety and somatic symptom. (p=0.017). (p=0.03) There wasn’t a significant relation between mental health and sex and marital status. (p>0.05).

The results indicated that significant rate of GPs of emergency wards had mental disorder. Then further attention should be given to the mental health of general physicians in emergency wards by mental health providers for decreasing medical mismanage and mortality.