Assessing coping strategies of nurses had an important role in determination of needed and solving the problems of nurses and clients.

To evaluate difference coping strategies according to gender and workplace in nurses.

The current study aimed to determine the effective factors on coping strategies among Iranian nurses in 2011.

In a descriptive-analytic study, 158 nurses with category sampling were assessed. The instrument for collecting data was a Lazarus and Folkman coping strategies standard questionnaire. All data were analyzed with SPSS software version 20 and using Nonparametric test such as Mann-whiney, Kruskal-wallis and Pearson correlation.

More than one-third of participants (41.1%) were male and 11.3% worked in Emergency Department. There was a significant association between Gender and workplace with some used coping strategies of studied nurses (P< 0.05). There was a significant correlation between some subclass of coping strategies. There were a significant relationship between Self- Controlling, Accepting Responsibility, Escape-Avoidance, Plan full Problem Solving, Positive Reappraisal and Seeking Social Support coping with workplace of nurses (p< 0.01).

Gender and Workplace are the associated factors on coping strategies in Iranian nurses.

Mean age of PD with or without agoraphobia was 31.1 years. Female to male ratio was 1.6/1. Mean age at onset was 26.3 years. Mean duration of illness was 4.4 years. Patients having PD without Agoraphobia were 81.4%, while having PD with agoraphobia were 18.6% in which the males (20%) affected more than females (17.8%). The comorbidity rate of MDD (mild to severe degree) in PD was 61%, & it was higher for males (68.9%) than females (57.5%).

The majority of patients with PD in our sample, they already got comorbidity with MDD, so it is important for an early detection and management of PD to reduce the complications and functional impairment.

According to lakein description of time management, individuals first determine their needs and want and then rank them of importance. Specific activities include setting goals to achieve the needs or wants and prioritizing the tasks necessary to accomplish them. The tasks of at most importance are then matched to the time and resources available by planning, scheduling, and making lists.

The Purpose of study are analysis of relation between time management behaviors (setting goal and priorities, mechanics of time management, control of time and organization) and occupational stress (role overload, role ambiguity and role conflict).

30head nurses (all of the samples) of educational hospitals depend on shaheed beheshti medical university of Tehran - Iran participate in this research. A questionnaire which had 57 questions was used. For data analysis, X2 and Pearson correlation coefficient were used.

In general most of sample located in good level of T.M.B (63.4%). In addition most of sample (50%) experience occupational stress in the normal level.

Finally Meaningful relation is seen between T.M.B and occupational stress (r = - 0.81 P< 0.001).

It is important to distinguish among the different facets of time management. The low correlation among the factors indicate that, for instance, if a person sets goal it does not necessarily follow that he or she feels in control of time or makes lists. Finally time management behaviors can reduce occupational stress.

Addiction is one of the major problems and concerns of the world today. The first step in combating a social phenomenon or disease, knowing it is correct. To determine the demographic characteristics and patterns of drug use has been done in this area.

This is descriptive cross-sectional study. The analysis of data in prospective study examines the characteristics of addicts who voluntarily to one of the centers in the city Quchan withdrawal over a year for withdrawal referred deal.

Of the 753 cases studied 75% were male and others female. Education (3 / 51%) of them were illiterate and elementary level. Consumables highest among these people (65%), syrup, and then (4 / 24%), opium (7 / 7%) Crystal (7 / 2%) comprised of heroin. In (5 / 66%) cases the main method of extraction used, (8 / 32%) percent of eating, (26 / 0%) injection, (39 / 0%) and was snuff. Inhaler and drink any case was not reported. Majority People (9 / 58%), the first female consumption of opium, (4 / 39%), syrup and only (26 / 0%), injection materials were mentioned. (2 / 60%) have a history of drug addiction had already.

Considering that the majority of cases of addiction in this city in men aged 30 to 39 years, Married, employed, with primary education and illiterate, and have a history of addiction relapse form provided in relation to knowledge Damage of addiction with this group seems to be necessary.

Predictive factors are used to alert the clinician to the necessity of carrying out a suicide risk assessment in those patients whose demographic and clinical characteristics suggests the possibility of suicide.

To identify demographic and clinical variables that could predict suicidal ideation in psychiatric outpatients.

150 consecutive return patients attending a psychiatric outpatient clinic were approached and requested to complete a clinician administered semi-structured questionnaire designed to assess the aims of the study. Data was analysed with descriptive statistics, univariate analysis and logistic regression using SPSS Version 17.

Of the 150 patients approached with written information, 133 consented to take part in the study giving a response rate of 88.7%. The mean age was 40.6 years (s.d = 12.7). On univariate analysis, there was a statistically significant relationship (p< 0.05) between three of the predictor variables (age, marital status and history of self-harm) and the likelihood of experiencing suicidal ideation in the preceding 12 months. However, with all other factors controlled for, only two of the independent variables (history of self-harm and no history of psychiatric inpatient treatment) significantly predicted suicidal ideation in the previous 12 months with odds ratios of 5.409 and 2.836 respectively.

Amongst variables studied, having a history of self-harm or no previous history of psychiatric inpatient treatment were the best predictors of suicidal ideation in the preceding year in a population of patients attending a psychiatric outpatient review clinic.

Despite the potential for using text message technology to manage patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and comorbid depression, very little is known about the mechanism by which this improvement occurs.

The aim of this study was to examine the perception of patients with AUD and comorbid depression about the usefulness of supportive text messages.

Participants (n=26) with AUD and depression and completing an in-patient dual diagnosis treatment programme had twice daily supportive text messages delivered to their mobile phones for three months. Participants’ views were the sought on the usefulness of the supportive text messages using a self-designed semi-structured questionnaire.

Overall, 24 out of 26 patients were contactable for feedback giving a response rate of 92%. Of these 24 patients, 20(83%) reported that they always or often read the supportive text messages. 19(79%) patients expressed the view that they were either very satisfied or satisfied with the frequency with which the text messages were delivered with the same number reporting that the messages made them to feel supported by the team. 18(75%) patients reported that the text messages always or often reminded them to remain abstinent from alcohol. Finally, 20(83%) patients reported that the intervention had played a useful role in helping to improve their mental health.

Text messages could help patients with AUD and depression remain abstinent and improve upon their mental wellbeing by providing increase support for patients.

Supportive text messages have the potential to provide personalised support for patients with depression and co-morbid Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). The objectives of the study are to explore the six months follow-up effects of twice daily supportive text messages delivered over a three month period on mood and abstinence outcomes for patients with depression and co-morbid AUD.

Participants (n=54) with a DSM IV diagnosis of unipolar depression and AUD who completed an in-patient dual diagnosis treatment programme were randomised to receive twice daily supportive text messages (n = 26) or a fortnightly thank you text message (n = 28) for three months. Primary outcome measures at six months were Beck's Depression Inventory (BDIII) scores and Cumulative Abstinence Duration (CAD). Trial registration: NCT0137868.

Unlike at three months, there was no statistically significant difference in six month BDI-II scores between the intervention (n=24) and control (n=24) groups; 13.28 (SD=8.7) vs. 15.08 (SD=11.37) respectively after adjusting for the baseline scores, F (1, 45) =0.192, p=0.66. There was also no significant difference in CAD between the text message group and the control group: 84.14 days (9.20) vs. 74.73 days (28.97), t= 1.422, df=41, p=0.16. However, patients in the intervention group had significantly higher days to first drink compared to those in the control group: 119.9 (47.7) vs. 62.4 (44.9), t=2.99, df=22, p=0.01.

The effects of supportive text message intervention were not sustained beyond the period that the patients were receiving the intervention.

It is generally thought that schizophrenia does not predispose subjects to homicidal behavior However; many previous studies have suffered from notable methodological weaknesses. In particular, obtaining comprehensive study groups of violent offenders has been difficult. Iraqi police have been able to solve increasingly percentage of homicides during the last few years with gradual rebuilding of infrastructure of police and judicial system; these bodies are totally collapsed after fall down of previous regime.

To study the sociodemographic characteristics of schizophrenic charge patients with homicidal accusation, and to find out the characteristic of victims of patients admitted in the secure unit.

file system In Ibin-AL-Hiatham Secure unit where examined for various socio demographic data, the 118homicidal admitted consequently in the secure unit were examined between July 2003, and July 2008.

The files were systematically checked for DSM-IV schizophrenia criteria.

The study revealed that the number of males dominant females, simply because males more liable to break the law than females, higher number of urban living offenders is over represented mainly because psychiatric services are more accessible to them than rural residents.

Victims are mostly of first degree relatives of the offenders. In an Arab culture however as Iraq is one of them, issues related to honor killing and male jealousy which are assumed to be of delusional nature in this study, are relatively frequent.

The Objective of the present study was to examine the clinical, demographic and neuropsychological correlations of insight in patients with schizophrenia.

We assessed insight level, clinical symptoms, demographic data and neuropsychological functions in 30 schizophrenic patients.

The patients with schizophrenia were significantly different in insight quality. From clinical variables, only positive symptoms and depression were significantly correlated with insight levels. There was no significant correlation between demographic data and neuropsychological functions with insight levels. But investigation of insight dimensions with all variables in schizophrenic patients separately, show different results.

The results show that quality of insight is different in schizophrenic patients. Subcomponents of insight are correlated with different factors (such as positive symptoms and depression) emphasizing the need to consider insight as multidimensional.

Although perceived social support (PSS) is purported to enhance young adults' mental health, it has been under investigated among college students in Kuwait. This study attempted to determine its association to a host of correlates.

A sample comprised of 468 subjects drawn from introductory courses at Kuwait University (50.6% females, Mean of age=20,90, 72.8% singles) was utilized to administer the questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed by students who consented to participate in the study.

Multiple Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988) showed high alph coefficients. They were as follows: Total .929, Family .871, Friends .852, and Significant Others .894. Concerning its association to study variables, gender revealed different patterns. For males MPSS was correlated to family income, nonsuicidal self injury, and borderline personality disorder. For females, MPSS was correlated to school year, internet use, and smoking.

MPSS seems to function differently with respect to gender. Some of findings of this study were consistent with previous research. Others, showed correlations in reverse directions. Both will be discussed theoretically and culturally.

Lithium has been used in the treatment of pregnant women with bipolar disorder for many decades but information on the effects of its exposure on perinatal variables is scarce.

To determine the effects of in-utero exposure to lithium on neonatal outcomes among infants born to women with treatment with lithium during pregnancy.

Prospective and observational study including all consecutive cases of pregnant women with bipolar disorder type I or II (N = 22) and maintenance treatment with lithium monotherapy (n=13) or polytherapy (n=9), attended at the PERINATAL PSYCHIATRY PROGRAM CLÍNIC-BARCELONA between 2005 and 2012. We evaluated sociodemographic data, lithium plasma concentrations in maternal blood and umbilical cord, obstetric and neonatal variables.

No statistically significant differences were found regarding sociodemographic data between both groups. Rates for umbilical cord:maternal plasma lithium levels were higher in women treated with polytherapy than in women who received lithium alone (1.08 vs. 1.05). Neonates exposed to polytherapy had a higher weight percentile at birth (p70 vs p50) and greater gestational age (39.72 vs. 38.28 weeks), than those exposed to lithium alone. Acute neonatal complications were more frequently observed in infants that were exposed to lithium monotherapy (33.3% vs. 38.50), being all complications transitory and not severe.

The infants exposed to lithium polytherapy presented a higher weight at birth compared to those who received lithium monotherapy. However, no statistically significant differences were found between treatment groups. Further research is needed to better clarify safety of lithium and its effect on neonatal outcomes.

There is a long controversial history between schizophrenia and autism.

To detail the history of the relationship between autism and schizophrenia.

Literature review.

The overlap phenomology genetics will be discussed.

Adult autism can easily be confused with schizophrenia. There are very significant overlaps and differences between autism and schizophrenia.

Community psychiatry serves as a tool to bridge the mental health gap that exists in many developing countries. Poverty in rural areas of such nations may hamper the quality of mental health services delivered to these populations. The study aims to describe the Sociodemographic Profile, Presentations, and Therapeutic Interventions in a Community Psychiatry Service in South-West, Nigeria.

A retrospective study of data collated over a 20-month period in a community psychiatry service of LUTH Primary Care Center in Pakoto, Ifo Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria. Data were extracted from the register opened at the commencement of the posting over the stated period. The psychiatric assessments were conducted by mental health professionals and diagnosis made based on ICD-10 criteria.

A total of 155 patients were seen (N=155). 54.2% were male. Majority (49.6%) was between the age ranges of 16-30 years.68.7% were unmarried and 71% were unemployed. 28.4% had Poor sleep, Hallucination-25.2%, Aggression-23.9%, Autistic behaviour-18.1%, Delusions-15.5% and 15.0% had mood changes. Typical antipsychotics were more prescribed than the Atypicals (89.5: 5.9%).

The study brings to light the importance of integrating community psychiatry into the primary care as many of the subjects had low socioeconomic profile and may have difficulty assessing adequate medical intervention. There is a need for government's intervention in areas of employment and subsidy of medication as most of the subjects with psychotic symptoms were placed on conventional antipsychotics due to inability to afford the cost of atypical alternatives.

Delirium is common but often under-diagnosed. Early detection and diagnosis are vital for better prognosis, placing emphasis on the quality of the admission clerking. NICE recommends using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) when assessing such patients. For a delirium diagnosis patients have to fulfill the CAM criteria.

To establish if the CAM is a useful tool in clerking patients presenting with confusion.

1. Assess uptake of the CAM

2. Identify how many patients presenting with confusion fulfill diagnosis criteria

3. Determine if the CAM results in a lower number of amended diagnoses

4. Describe associations between clinical findings and diagnosis

5. Evaluate junior doctor knowledge about the CAM

A prospective audit was performed to assess the quality of clerking in fifty patients presenting with “confusion’. The second phase involved a qualitative questionnaire to assess junior doctor knowledge of the CAM.

CAM was not used to make any diagnosis. Only 4% of clerkings fulfilled diagnosis criteria. Patients diagnosed with delirium, who then had their diagnosis amended, did not fulfill CAM criteria on admission. Junior doctor knowledge of delirium diagnosis was poor.

The CAM is a useful and valuable tool, resulting in fewer unnecessary investigations and a reduced hospital stay. Junior doctor knowledge of it is inadequate explaining why it is not currently being used in practice. We recommend that the CAM should be included in the teaching curriculum. This study shows that further investigation of the aim, and its objective, is warranted and justified.

The literature has found that eating disorders patients usually have a depression and anxiety diagnosis. However, not many investigations have studied the relationship between ED and subjective well-being.

For this reason in this study it is analyzed if women with an eating disorder diagnosis have less subjective well-being than a control group.

104 participants (35 with anorexia nervosa, 28 with bulimia nervosa, 16 with eating disorder not otherwise specified and 25 controls) were selected to conduct the study.

It was found that women with eating disorders reported less satisfaction with life and positive affect than the control group, but there were not statically significant differences in negative affect.

Reports of hedonic or subjective well-being problems were much more common in participants with eating disorders than in the control group (female individuals without clinical problems).

To obtain the estimates of the national prevalence of ADHD and ODD of Thai children.

The study was used three-stage stratified sampling to represent most population of each level. 7,118 Thai students graded 1-5 in primary school were recruited in the study and were screened by the SNAP-IV Thai version with the sensitivity 82%. The subjects, whose scores were positive for any subtypes of ADHD or ODD, were interviewed by child and adolescent psychiatrists using DSM-IV criteria. The percentage and 95% Confidence Intervals were used to represent the results.

521 subjects and 200 subjects were diagnosed ADHD and ODD, making a national prevalence of Thai students equals 8.1% (95%CI=7.5-8.7). The prevalencein boy 12% (95%CI=10.9-13.0) was substantially higher than girl 4.2% (95%CI=3.6-4.9), the ratio was 3:1. Considering the difference in regions were found southern region was highest at 11.7% (95%CI=10.0-13.4) and northern region was lowest prevalence equals 5.1% (95%CI=4.0-6.2). The prevalence of ADHD with comorbidity of ODD was 2.1% (95%CI=0.8-2.4). Prevalence of ODD was 3.1% (95%CI=2.7-3.5), which was found highest 5.5% (95%CI=3.7-7.2) in Bangkok.

ADHD prevalence in Thailand is higher, thus an early intervention to prevent the mental health problems and loss of quality population is needed. The health services and education system require changes in attitudes and development of resources. All who care for children including families, schools, communities, health care agencies, the government, and children themselves are required to participate and develop the solution and programs in community.

The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is defined as a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors affecting the same subject, when three out of the following five criteria are present: abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance (or diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes). Recent studies on the association between the MetS, depression and anxiety have reported conflicting findings; yet, clinically they are very frequently present in the same patient.

To review findings supporting the opportunity of considering the presence of depressive/anxiety symtoms as the “sixth criterion” of the Metabolic Syndrome.

Systematic review. A Medline search of the literature conducted on September 12th, 2012 (key words: metabolic syndrome, anxiety, depression) provided 148 references. A further temporal-limit of the search, taking into account only papers published in the last five years, provided 90 references. Finally, 16 studies were retained eligible for the present study.

Of 16 papers, 3 reported absolutely no association between MetS, depression and anxiety; 5 reported a significant correlation. As far as depression is concerned, 5 papers reported a correlation with MetS, 1 reported no correlation between MetS and the Major Depressive Disorder. As far as anxiety is concerned, 4 papers reported a significant correlation with MetS, 2 reported no correlation. The most reproducible finding was the correlation between anxious/depressive symptoms and the MetS (especially large waist circumference), when affecting women.

The presence of depression and/or anxiety could be considered the sixth criterion to diagnose the MetS in females with large waist circumference.

Since 2008 economic recession, all countries in Europe are experiencing severe consequences such as lowering of income and increase in unemployment. Several researches in literature point out that both unemployment and the fear of unemployment have negative consequences on health.

To study the relation between male suicidal behavior and antidepressants prescription in times of economic recession.

Descriptive study. The rate of suicide, attempted suicide, and unemployment were obtained from the website of the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT: www.istat.it, www.demo.istat.it). Data referring to drug consumption were found on the website of the Italian Agency of Drugs (AIFA: www.agenziafarmaco.gov.it). Years from 2000 to 2010 were studied. Statistics performed with the Pearson’s coefficient.

In Italy, in the last 10 years, the use of SSRIs and other new antidepressants (not TCA) steadily increased. Since the onset of the 2008 economic crises, unemployment rate increased from 6,1% in 2007 to 8,65% in 2010. The overall number of male suicides increased dramatically especially in the most recent years of economic crises, moving from 2.197 in 2008 up to 2.399 in 2010. In particular, comparing the number of male self-harm behaviours due to financial problems with the rate of unemployment in years 2007-2010, a linear correlation is found (r=0.92 for male suicides; r= 0.90 for male attempted suicides).

Greater availability of antidepressant therapies in Italy does not seem to impact on suicide rate as elsewhere reported (i.e. Hungary). These findings could support an important environmental effect, mediated by financial problems.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease, which leads to an increased risk for development of emotional and mental disorders and increased suicide risk. Many studies have shown that MS-patient have increased risk of depression, mania, anxiety and psychosis.

To carry out register-based studies and clinical study in order to clarify the requency of MS patients who received psychiatric diagnoses compared with the background population.

The aim of this project is being able to use the results from our register investigation together with the clinical findings to design a clinical guideline for the screening of psychiatric disorder in the diagnosis of MS.

The project consist of 2 parts:

1. A register-based cohort study with interconnection of The Danish Psychiatric Central register, the Danish Scleroseregrister, and Register of Medicinal Product Statistics from State Serum Institute. Statistics Denmark will perform the register interconnection. The cohort is a group of patient diagnosed with MS in the period from 1.January 1999- 1. January 2009. They will be investigated for psychiatric comorbidity before and after diagnosis of MS, compared to the background population.

2. Clinical study: The clinical examination includes screening of 75 MS patients from the Sclerosis Cl inic of Southern Denmark. The screenings instruments are Beck Depression Intervention and The hospital depression and anxiety scale (HADS scale.). The MS patients we found under screening with high risk of psychiatric comorbidity will be invited to a more detailed clinical interview using the diagnostics tool: Present State Examination (PSE) for depression and anxiety.