In this paper, we introduce an iterative scheme using an extragradient method for finding a common element of the set of solutions of a generalized equilibrium problem, the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping and the set of the variational inequality for a monotone, Lipschitz-continuous mapping. We obtain a weak convergence theorem for three sequences generated by this process. Based on this result, we also obtain several interesting results. The results in this paper generalize and extend some well-known weak convergence theorems in the literature.

In this paper we consider the statistical concept of causality in continuous time between filtered probability spaces, based on Granger’s definitions of causality. Then we consider some stable subspaces of $H^p$ which contain right continuous modifications of martingales $P(A \mid {\mathcal {G}}_t)$. We give necessary and sufficient conditions, in terms of statistical causality, for these spaces to coincide with $H^p$. These results can be applied to extremal measures and regular weak solutions of stochastic differential equations.

A complete Sylow sequence, 𝒫=P1,…,Pm, of a finite group G is a sequence of m Sylow pi-subgroups of G, one for each pi, where p1,…,pm are all of the distinct prime divisors of |G|. A product of the form P1⋯Pm is called a complete Sylow product of G. We prove that the solvable radical of G equals the intersection of all complete Sylow products of G if, for every composition factor S of G, and for every ordering of the prime divisors of |S|, there exist a complete Sylow sequence 𝒫 of S, and g∈S such that g is uniquely factorizable in 𝒫 . This generalizes our results in Kaplan and Levy [‘The solvable radical of Sylow factorizable groups’, Arch. Math.85(6) (2005), 490–496].

Jonathan A. Hillman asked “Must a 2-knot whose group has non-trivial center be fibered?” We will answer this question negatively.

It is shown that, if G is a totally disconnected, compactly generated and nilpotent locally compact group, then it has a base of neighbourhoods of the identity consisting of compact, open, normal subgroups. An example is given showing that the hypothesis that G be compactly generated is necessary.

The objectives of this study of slice convergence are two-fold. The first is to derive results regarding the passage of certain semi–convergences through Young–Fenchel conjugation. These semi–convergences arise from the splitting of the usual slice topology in the primal and dual spaces into (non-Hausdorff) topologies: the upper slice topology ; a topology generating a convergence closely resembling the bounded–weak* upper Kuratowski convergence; along with the respective primal and dual lower Kuratowski topologies. This gives rise to topological convergences not reliant on sequentially–based definitions found in many such studies, and associated topological continuity results for conjugation (in normed spaces), in contrast to the usual sequential continuity exhibited by analogues of Mosco convergence. The second objective is to study the passage of slice convergence through addition. Such sum theorems have been derived in other works and we establish previous theorems from a unified framework as well as obtaining a new result.

Dedicated to Professor K. Doerk on his 60th Birthday.

In this paper the subnormal subgroup closed saturated formations of finite soluble groups containing nilpotent groups are fully characterised by means of extensions of well-known properties enjoyed by the formation of all nilpotent groups.

We establish a boundary Schwarz lemma for solutions to nonhomogeneous biharmonic equations.

Let $a,b,c$ be a primitive Pythagorean triple and set $a=m^{2}-n^{2},b=2mn,c=m^{2}+n^{2}$ , where $m$ and $n$ are positive integers with $m>n$ , $\text{gcd}(m,n)=1$ and $m\not \equiv n~(\text{mod}~2)$ . In 1956, Jeśmanowicz conjectured that the only positive integer solution to the Diophantine equation $(m^{2}-n^{2})^{x}+(2mn)^{y}=(m^{2}+n^{2})^{z}$ is $(x,y,z)=(2,2,2)$ . We use biquadratic character theory to investigate the case with $(m,n)\equiv (2,3)~(\text{mod}~4)$ . We show that Jeśmanowicz’ conjecture is true in this case if $m+n\not \equiv 1~(\text{mod}~16)$ or $y>1$ . Finally, using these results together with Laurent’s refinement of Baker’s theorem, we show that Jeśmanowicz’ conjecture is true if $(m,n)\equiv (2,3)~(\text{mod}~4)$ and $n<100$ .

Difference equations with piecewise continuous nonlinearities and their singular perturbations, first order neutral type delay differential equations with small parameters, are considered. Solutions of the difference equations are shown to be asymptotically periodic with period-adding bifurcations and bifurcations determined by Farey's rule taking place for periods and types of solutions. Solutions of the singularly perturbed delay differential equations are considered and compared with solutions of the difference equations within finite time intervals. The comparison is based on a continuous dependence of solutions on the singular parameter.

We characterize certain properties in a matrix ordered space in order to embed it in a C*-algebra. Let such spaces be called C*-ordered operator spaces. We show that for every self-adjoint operator space there exists a matrix order (on it) to make it a C*-ordered operator space. However, the operator space dual of a (nontrivial) C*-ordered operator space cannot be embedded in any C*-algebra.

In this paper, we consider the simultaneous representation of pairs of positive integers. We show that every pair of large positive even integers can be represented in the form of a pair of linear equations in four prime variables and k powers of two. Here, k=63 in general and k=31 under the generalised Riemann hypothesis.

It is shown that a finite group G is a normal subgroup of the group of units of the group ring of G over the ring of integers modulo n if and only if G is abelian or n = 2 and G is isomorphic to the symmetric group on 3 letters.

This paper gives a detailed classification of the indecomposable representations of one non-trivial “commutative quiver”, gives brief details of certain generalisations, and uses methods likely to be more widely applicable.

It is shown that the dual of the space Cp(I) of all real-valued continuous functions on the closed unit interval with the pointwise topology, when equipped with the Mackey topology, is a non K-analytic but weakly analytic locally convex space.

We consider C∞ manifolds endowed with torsionfree affine connections and C∞ projective submersions between them which, by definition, map geodesics into geodesics up to parametrisation. After giving a differential characterisation of these mappings, we deal with the case when one of the given connections is projectively flat or satisfies certain conditions concerning its Ricci tensor; under these hypotheses we prove that the projective submersion is actually a covering.

Let f∈ℚ[X] and let us consider a Diophantine equation z2=f(x)2±f(y)2. In this paper, we continue the study of the existence of integer solutions of the equation, when the degree of f is 2 and if f(x) is a triangular number or a tetrahedral number.

Let rk (n) denote the number of representations of n as the sum of k squares. We give elementary proofs of relations between rk (n) and rk (m) where n = 4λm and 4 ∤ m, when k = 5, 7, 9 and 11. The relations, which were first stated without proof by Stieltjes, are of the form rk (n) = Crk (m) where C depends on λ and on the residue of m modulo 8. They have recently been include by S. Cooper in a more complete description of the relations between rk (n) and rk (n′) where n′ is the squarefree part of n, when k = 5, 7, 9 and 11.

In this paper, we first prove that for $g\in \{3,4\}$, there are infinitely many 3-geodesic transitive but not 3-arc transitive graphs of girth $g$ with arbitrarily large diameter and valency. Then we classify the family of 3-geodesic transitive but not 3-arc transitive graphs of valency 3 and those of valency 4 and girth 4.