Galaxies are observed to obey a strict set of dynamical scaling relations. We review these relations for rotationally supported disk galaxies spanning many decades in mass, surface brightness, and gas content. The behavior of these widely varied systems can be summarized with a handful of empirical laws connected by a common acceleration scale.

In this paper it is shown that rope-rope magnetic reconnection in the solar wind can enhance multifractality in the inertial subrange and drive intermittent magnetic field turbulence. Additionally, it is shown that Lagrangian coherent structures can unveil the transport barriers of magnetic elements in the quiet Sun.

Young low-mass galaxies with extreme emission-line properties are ubiquitous at high redshift. However, a detailed characterisation of their physical properties, key for understanding cosmic reionisation and the early growth of galaxies, will be only possible with JWST and ELT observations. Rare lower-z analogues of these primeval galaxies provide us ideal laboratories to study in larger detail the complex physical mechanisms taking place in these extreme systems. In this talk, I will review key results from these high-z analogues, with an emphasis on lessons learned from deep spectroscopic observations of green pea galaxies at z ⩽ 0.3. New recent results based on high-dispersion Echelle and IFU spectroscopy of green peas will be presented. They illustrate current advantages and limitations of the chemodynamical analysis for a simultaneous study of the ionised gas kinematics, chemical enrichment and the escape of ionising photons in compact low-mass starbursts.

We present white light images of the Sun's corona acquired during the total Solar Eclipses on August 21, 2017 in mountains north of Boise Idaho USA and on July 2, 2019 south of Copiapo Chile. In both cases the viewing was excellent, altitudes ∼ 1200 m and relative humidity ∼ 10. We used an Orion equatorial reflecting telescope with 203 mm diameter aperture and 1000 mm focal length for f4.9 optics. A computer-controlled Canon EOS Rebel T3i digital camera was used. We plan to use our 2019 eclipse images for analysis since the Sun is near solar minimum so 2D steady state MHD equations can be used. We present a plan to process the images and convert them into a 2D empirical model of electron density and magnetic field in radial distance and co-latitude, from which 2D maps of flow velocity, effective temperature and effective heat flux can be computed.

Many recent integral field spectroscopy (IFS) survey teams have used stellar kinematic maps combined with imaging to statistically infer the underlying distributions of galaxy intrinsic shapes. With now several IFS samples at our disposal, the method, which was originally proposed by M. Franx and collaborators in 1991, is gaining in popularity, having been so far applied to ATLAS3D, SAMI, MANGA and MASSIVE. We present results showing that a commonly assumed relationship between dynamical and intrinsic shape alignment does not hold in Illustris, affecting our ability to recover accurate intrinsic shape distributions. A further implication is that so-called “prolate rotation”, where the bulk of stars in prolate galaxies are thought to rotate around the projected major axis, is a misnomer.

The Sun is our dynamic host star due to its magnetic fields causing plentiful of activity in its atmosphere. From high energetic flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) to lower energetic phenomena such as jets and fibrils. Thus, it is of crucial importance to learn about formation and evolution of solar magnetic fields. These fields cover a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, starting on the larger end with active regions harbouring complex sunspots, via isolated pores, down to the smallest yet resolved elements – so-called magnetic bright points (MBPs). Here, we revisit the various manifestations of solar magnetic fields by the largest European solar telescope in operation, the 1.5-meter GREGOR telescope. We show images from the High-resolution Fast Imager (HiFI) and spectropolarimetric data from the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS). Besides, we outline resolved convective features inside the larger structures – so-called light-bridges occurring on large to mid-sized scales.

We leverage new ultra-deep, high resolution, multi-frequency radio imaging at 6 and 3 GHz with the unique datasets available in the GOODS-S/HUDF region in order to assess the AGN fraction in a faint radio-selected sample. For AGN identification, we adopt a multi-wavelength approach, combining X-ray and (mid-)infrared (IR) selections with radio identification such as X-ray to radio excess, flat radio spectral slopes, and the radio-IR correlation. We identify AGN in 43% of our radio sample, yielding an AGN source density of ∼ 1 arcmin−2. This AGN fraction is likely underestimated, as 1) our shallower 3 GHz data is biased against flat radio spectrum sources and 2) all of our selections may be biased against the most heavily obscured AGN. The James Webb Space Telescope’s Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) will address the latter issue and we briefly outline our Cycle 1 Guaranteed Time Observation (GTO) program to search for heavily obscured AGN.

We present surface photometry and stellar kinematics of NGC 4264, a lenticular galaxy in the region of the Virgo Cluster undergoing a tidal interaction with its neighbour, NGC 4261. We measured the bar radius and strength from SDSS imaging and the bar pattern speed from MUSE integral-field spectroscopy. We find that NGC 4264 hosts a strong and large bar, which is rotating fast. The accurate measurement of the bar rotation rate allows us to exclude that the formation of the bar was triggered by the ongoing interaction.

Star formation provides insight into the physical processes that govern the transformation of gas into stars. A key missing piece in a predictive theory of star formation is the link between scales of individual stars and star clusters up to entire galaxies. LEGUS is now providing the information to test the overall organization and spatial evolution of star formation. We present our latest findings of using star clusters from LEGUS combined with ALMA CO observations to investigate the transition from molecular gas to star formation in local galaxies. This work paves the way for future JWST observations of the embedded phase of star formation, the last missing ingredient to connect young star clusters and their relation with gas reservoirs. Multi-wavelength studies of local galaxies and their stellar and gas components will help shed light on early phases of galaxy evolution and properties of the ISM at high-z.

We investigate how the properties of spiral arms relate to other fundamental galaxy properties. To this end, we use previously published measurements of those properties, and our own measurements of arm-interarm luminosity contrasts for a large sample of galaxies, using 3.6μm images from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies. Flocculent galaxies are clearly distinguished from other spiral arm classes, especially by their lower stellar mass and surface density. Multi-armed and grand-design galaxies are similar in most of their fundamental parameters, excluding some bar properties and the bulge-to-total luminosity ratio. Based on these results, we discuss dense, classical bulges as a necessary condition for standing spiral wave modes in grand-design galaxies. We further find a strong correlation between bulge-to-total ratio and bar contrast, and a weaker correlation between arm and bar contrasts.

We present an overview of Guitarra, a simulator for the Near Infrared Camera that creates scenes from catalogues of mock or real sources using the current best estimates of the instrument characteristics and the pattern on the sky of the observations.

Stellar magnetic field is the driver of activity in stars and can trigger spots, energetic flares, coronal plasma ejections and ionized winds. These phenomena play a crucial role in understanding the internal mechanisms of the star, but can also have potential effects in orbiting planets. During the transit of a planet, spots can be occulted producing features imprinted in the transit light curve. Here, we modelled these features to characterize the physical properties of the spots (radius, intensity, and location). In addition, we monitor spots signatures on multiple transits to estimate magnetic cycles length of Kepler stars. Flares have also been observed during transits in active stars. We derive the properties of the flares and analyse their UV impact on possible living organisms in planets orbiting in the habitable zone.

Whiting 1 is a faint and young globular cluster embedded in the Sag dSph. It has similar distance, metalicity and radial velocity with the trailing stream of the Sag. Due to these special properties, Whiting 1 was suggested to be associated with the trailing stream of Sag. However, its origin is still unclear and further investigation of its relation with Sgr dSph is needed. In this work, we use DECaLS data to search the tidal tail of Whiting 1, with the aim of looking for spatial connection between Whiting 1 and Sgr dSph. With Matched Filter method, we detected a tidal tail around the main body of Whiting 1. This tail extends to at least 0.5 degree and aligns with the mean orbit direction of Sgr dSph. This tail is newly detected and it provides additional evidence of the association between Whiting 1 and Sgr trailing stream.

The very brightest z > 6 galaxies are ideal laboratories for studying the physical properties of star-forming objects into the epoch of reionization. Selected from degree-scale, ground-based fields, these rare objects provide a key insight into early dust production and may harbour faint AGN. Targeted follow-up of small samples have unexpectedly shown both Lyman-alpha emission and other rest-frame UV lines (e.g CIV and HeII), suggesting unique star-formation conditions (or AGN) at early times. Furthermore, ALMA observations have revealed that 75% of the star-formation in these galaxies may be obscured. I will talk about HST/ALMA follow-up of bright z ∼ 7 LBGs in COSMOS and present new results from even brighter samples from z = 6 – 9 selected over ∼ 5 deg2. The power of both ALMA and JWST, coupled with the intrinsic luminosity of these sources, will provide a unique insight into the formation and evolution of vigorously star-forming galaxies in the first billion years.

We have derived absolute proper motions of stars in the Galactic bulge region combining the VVV InfraRed Astrometric Catalogue (VIRAC) and Gaia. We use the proper motions to study the kinematic structure of the bulge both integrated along the line-of-sight and in magnitude intervals using red clump stars as standard candles. In parallel we compare to a made-to-measure barred dynamical model, folding in the VIRAC selection function, to understand and interpret the structures that we observe. The barred dynamical model, which contains a boxy/peanut bulge, and has a pattern speed of 37.5 kms−1 kpc−1, is able to reproduce all structures impressively well.

Mapping the molecular gas content of the universe is key to our understanding of the build-up of galaxies over cosmic time. Spectral line scans in deep fields, such as the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF), provide a unique view on the cold gas content out to high redshift. By conducting ‘spectroscopy-of-everything’, these flux-limited observations are sensitive to the molecular gas in galaxies without preselection, revealing the cold gas content of galaxies that would not be selected in traditional studies.

In order to capitalize on the molecular gas observations, knowledge about the physical conditions of the galaxies detected in molecular gas, such as their interstellar medium conditions, is key. Fortunately, deep surveys with integral-field spectrographs are providing an unprecedented view of the galaxy population, providing redshifts and measurements of restframe UV/optical lines for thousands of galaxies.

We present the results from the synergy between the ALMA Spectroscopic Survey of the HUDF (ASPECS), with deep integral field spectroscopy from the MUSE HUDF survey and multi-wavelength data. We discuss the nature of the galaxies detected in molecular gas without preselection and their physical properties, such as star formation rate and metallicity. We show how the combination of ALMA and MUSE integral field spectroscopy can constrain the physical properties in galaxies located around the main sequence during the peak of galaxy formation.

Characterising primeval galaxies entails the challenging goal of observing galaxies with modest star formation rates (SFR < 100 Mȯyr−1) and approaching the beginning of the reionisation epoch (z > 6). To date a large number of primeval galaxies have been identified thanks to deep near-infrared surveys. However, to further our understanding on the formation and evolution of such primeval objects, we must investigate their nature and physical properties through multi-band spectroscopic observations. Information on dust content, metallicity, interactions with the surrounding environment, and outflows can be obtained with ALMA observations of far-infrared (FIR) lines such as the [Cii] at 158 μm and [Oiii] at 88 μm. Here, we, thus, discuss the recent results unveiled by ALMA observations and present new [Cii] observations of BDF-3299, a star-forming galaxy at z = 7.1 showing a spatial and spectral offset between the rest-frame UV and the FIR lines emission.

For the shortest period exoplanets, star-planet tidal interactions are likely to have played a major role in the ultimate orbital evolution of the planets and on the spin evolution of the host stars. Although low-mass stars are magnetically active objects, the question of how the star’s magnetic field impacts the excitation, propagation and dissipation of tidal waves remains open. We have derived the magnetic contribution to the tidal interaction and estimated its amplitude throughout the structural and rotational evolution of low-mass stars (from K to F-type). We find that the star’s magnetic field has little influence on the excitation of tidal waves in nearly circular and coplanar Hot-Jupiter systems, but that it has a major impact on the way waves are dissipated.

We present scanning Fabry-Perot observations of different types of star-forming galaxies from apparently isolated LIRGs to equal mass interacting galaxies. We analyze the ionized gas kinematics, its relation with the morphology of each system and the location of SF regions for different systems.

Study of the composition from diverse sources of the Universe helps to us to understand their evolution. Molecular spectroscopy provides detailed information of the observed objects. We present a small study of the starburst NGC 253 with ALMA at 1mm. We detect the prebiotic molecules NH2CHO, and CNCHO. We obtain the integrated intensity maps and abundances of HNCO, CH3OH, H3O+ and CH3C2H. We propose the use of Artificial Intelligence for big data to find prebiotic molecules in galaxies.