This appendix presents examples of coherent presentations of monoids. In particular, focus is placed on families of monoids which occur in algebra and whose coherent presentations are computed using the rewriting method that extends Squier’s and Knuth-Bendix’s completion procedures into a homotopical completion-reduction procedure. Coherent presentations of monoids are shown to explicitly describe the actions of monoids on small categories. This construction is applied to the case of Artin monoids. In particular, it is proven that the Zamolodchikov 3-generators extend the Artin presentation into a coherent presentation and, as a byproduct, a constructive proof of a theorem of Deligne on the actions of an Artin monoid on a category is given. Coherent presentations of plactic and Chinese monoids are also provided.

This chapter introduces all the notions and tools necessary to define and establish the existence of the folk model category structure on ω-categories. Particular focus is placed on the concept of ω-equivalences, which will serve as the weak equivalences of this model structure. The class of ω-equivalences is the appropriate generalization to ω-categories of the class of equivalences of ordinary categories. In particular, an ω-equivalence between 1-categories is nothing but an equivalence of categories. To define this notion, it is necessary to generalize the concept of an invertible cell (or isomorphism). This leads to the notion of a reversible cell, which is, in intuitive terms, a cell admitting an inverse up to cells admitting inverses, up to cells admitting inverses, etc. Another fundamental tool is the ω-category of reversible cylinders in an ω-category, which will lead to a sensible notion of homotopy.

This chapter extends the argument that K-12 urban teachers learn through organizational socialization to adopt shared cultural meanings about their students that inform the individual actions they use to manage cultural differences between themselves and their students. It argues that these actions operate to increase, maintain, or decrease relational distance – or the perception that there is psychological status and structural distance amongst individuals within an organization – between teachers and their students. It also begins to develop the argument that urban-teacher actions may vary based on the nature of their organizational commitment – in particular how the type of commitment they have for their work informs their perceptions and management of various role stressors in their workplace environments.

The Epilogue draws together the book’s various concerns by examining James’s wartime fundraising efforts on behalf of the American Volunteer Motor-Ambulance Corps, a project that demonstrates his interest in the relational and testimonial uses for transport.

10.1 Introduction

In Chapter 9, we discussed management of banking assets such as bank loans and investments. Broad considerations on profitability, solvency and liquidity guide overall strategic decisions on the volume and type of bank lending and pricing of loans. Operational decisions related to items on the liabilities side of a bank's balance sheet are equally important and are covered in this chapter.

During the post-reform period, banks assumed adequate operational autonomy as regards deposit mobilisation and fixing of interest rates on deposits as well as exploration of several sources of borrowings. This has created a highly competitive environment for mobilising deposits by attracting customers through aggressive marketing and pricing strategies. Banks are heavily reliant on borrowings not only for day-to-day liquidity management but also to raise capital from the market for meeting tier-2 capital requirements under the Basel norms.

OBS items such as bank guarantees, LCs, acceptances and endorsements have been offered by banks in India to facilitate trade and business. Contingent upon failure of the counterparty to honour the underlying transaction, any OBS item can become an effective liability. Hence, such items are popularly referred to as contingent liabilities. These items are not real bank liabilities as long as they are not crystalised. During the post-reform period, not only has the volume of transactions in traditional OBS items like bank guarantees and LCs significantly multiplied, new financial derivatives mainly pertaining to foreign exchange (forex) contracts have also become very popular. Given the importance of OBS items in the banking business in recent times, this chapter also briefly discusses management of these items.

In 2004, the film Mother’s Guest (Mehman-e Maman), produced by Dariush Mehrjui and based on a short story by Houshang Kermani, hit Iran’s cinemas. It was warmly welcomed by the public and critics, became one of the most popular films of 2004 and 2005, and was chosen the best film at the 22nd Fajr Film Festival.

This chapter examines the ability to obtain government information through the operation of freedom of information legislation in relation to AI data in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia. Freedom of Information (FOI) legislation provides a potential avenue of obtaining crucial information about the software used to automate decisions, the circumstances in which it was created or purchased, the materials that were used to train it, and any tests run to gauge its accuracy.

So what really happens when a program loads? When an interrupt event occurs? Well, a lot!