We investigate and compare applications of the Zilber–Pink conjecture and dynamical methods to rigidity problems for arithmetic real and complex hyperbolic lattices. Along the way, we obtain new general results about reconstructing a variation of Hodge structure from its typical Hodge locus that may be of independent interest. Applications to Siu’s immersion problem are also discussed, the most general of which only requires the hypothesis that infinitely many closed geodesics map to proper totally geodesic subvarieties under the immersion.

This paper analyzes the initial value problem for the Toda lattice with almost periodic initial data: let $J(t; J_{0})$ denote the family of Jacobi matrices which are solutions of the Toda flow equation with initial condition $J(0; J_{0})=J_{0},$ then, the given almost periodic datum $J_{0}$ is a discrete linear Schrödinger operator with almost periodic potential, which plays a fundamental role in our considerations. We show that, under some given hypotheses, the spectrum of the Schrödinger operator is pure absolute continuous and homogeneous (measure-theoretically) by establishing exponential asymptotics on the size of spectral gaps. These two conclusions enable us to show the boundedness and almost periodicity in the time of solutions for Toda lattice equation with almost periodic initial data. As a consequence, our result presents a positive answer to the discrete Deift’s conjecture [Some open problems in random matrix theory and the theory of integrable systems. Integrable Systems and Random Matrices (Contemporary Mathematics, 458). American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2008, pp. 419–430; Some open problems in random matrix theory and the theory of integrable systems. II. SIGMA Symmetry Integrability Geom. Methods Appl. 13 (2017), Paper no. 016].

For a class of potentials $\psi $ satisfying a condition depending on the roof function of a suspension (semi)flow, we show an EKP inequality, which can be interpreted as a Hölder continuity property in the weak${^*}$ norm of measures, with respect to the pressure of those measures, where the Hölder exponent depends on the $L^q$-space to which $\psi $ belongs. This also captures a new type of phase transition for intermittent (semi)flows (and maps).

The rank of a tiling’s return module depends on the geometry of its tiles and is not a topological invariant. However, the rank of the first Čech cohomology $\check H^1(\Omega )$ gives upper and lower bounds for the rank of the return module. For all sufficiently large patches, the rank of the return module is at most the rank of $\check H^1(\Omega )$. For a generic choice of tile shapes and an arbitrary reference patch, the rank of the return module is at least the rank of $\check H^1(\Omega )$. Therefore, for generic tile shapes and all sufficiently large patches, the rank of the return module is equal to the rank of $\check H^1(\Omega )$.

Given a number field $\mathbb {K} \subset \mathbb {C}$ that is not contained in $\mathbb {R}$, we prove the existence of a dense set (with respect to the topology of local uniform convergence) of entire maps $f \colon \mathbb {C} \rightarrow \mathbb {C}$ whose preperiodic points and multipliers all lie in $\mathbb {K}$. This contrasts with the case of rational maps. In addition, we show that there exists an escaping quadratic-like map that is not conjugate to an affine escaping quadratic-like map and whose multipliers all lie in $\mathbb {Q}$.

Krieger’s embedding theorem provides necessary and sufficient conditions for an arbitrary subshift to embed in a given topologically mixing $\mathbb {Z}$-subshift of finite type. For certain families of $\mathbb {Z}^d$-subshifts of finite type, Lightwood characterized the aperiodic subsystems. In the current paper, we prove a new embedding theorem for a class of subshifts of finite type over any countable abelian group. Our theorem provides necessary and sufficient conditions for an arbitrary subshift X to embed inside a given subshift of finite type Y that satisfies a certain natural condition. For the particular case of $\mathbb {Z}$-subshifts, our new theorem coincides with Krieger’s theorem. Our result gives the first complete characterization of the subsystems of the multidimensional full shift $Y= \{0,1\}^{\mathbb {Z}^d}$. The natural condition on the target subshift Y, introduced explicitly for the first time in the current paper, is called the map extension property. It was introduced implicitly by Mike Boyle in the early 1980s for $\mathbb {Z}$-subshifts and is closely related to the notion of an absolute retract, introduced by Borsuk in the 1930s. A $\mathbb {Z}$-subshift has the map extension property if and only if it is a topologically mixing subshift of finite type. We show that various natural examples of $\mathbb {Z}^d$ subshifts of finite type satisfy the map extension property, and hence our embedding theorem applies for them. These include any subshift of finite type with a safe symbol and the k-colorings of $\mathbb {Z}^d$ with $k \ge 2d+1$. We also establish a new theorem regarding lower entropy factors of multidimensional subshifts that extends Boyle’s lower entropy factor theorem from the one-dimensional case.

We prove a result on equilibrium measures for potentials with summable variation on arbitrary subshifts over a countable amenable group. For finite configurations v and w, if v is always replaceable by w, we obtain a bound on the measure of v depending on the measure of w and a cocycle induced by the potential. We then use this result to show that under this replaceability condition, we can obtain bounds on the Lebesgue–Radon–Nikodym derivative $d (\mu _\phi \circ \xi ) / d\mu _\phi $ for certain holonomies $\xi $ that generate the homoclinic (Gibbs) relation. As corollaries, we obtain extensions of results by Meyerovitch [Gibbs and equilibrium measures for some families of subshifts. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys. 33(3) (2013), 934–953], and García-Ramos and Pavlov [Extender sets and measures of maximal entropy for subshifts. J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2) 100(3) (2019), 1013–1033] to the countable amenable group subshift setting. Our methods rely on the exact tiling result for countable amenable groups by Downarowicz, Huczek, and Zhang [Tilings of amenable groups. J. Reine Angew. Math. 2019(747) (2019), 277–298] and an adapted proof technique from García-Ramos and Pavlov.

We combine methods from microlocal analysis and dimension theory to study resonances with largest real part for an Anosov flow with smooth real valued potential. We show that the resonant states are closely related to special systems of measures supported on the stable manifolds introduced by Climenhaga [SRB and equilibrium measures via dimension theory. A Vision for Dynamics in the 21st Century: The Legacy of Anatole Katok. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2024, pp. 94–138]. As a result, we relate the presence of the resonances on the critical axis to mixing properties of the flow with respect to certain equilibrium measures and show that these equilibrium measures can be reconstructed from the spectral theory of the Anosov flow.

As discovered by W. Thurston, the action of a complex one-variable polynomial on its Julia set can be modeled by a geodesic lamination in the disk, provided that the Julia set is connected. It also turned out that the parameter space of such dynamical laminations of degree two gives a model for the bifurcation locus in the space of quadratic polynomials. This model is itself a geodesic lamination, the so called quadratic minor lamination of Thurston. In the same spirit, we consider the space of all cubic symmetric polynomials $f_\unicode{x3bb} (z)=z^3+\unicode{x3bb} ^2 z$ in three articles. In the first one, we construct the cubic symmetric comajor lamination together with the corresponding quotient space of the unit circle. As is verified in the third paper, this yields a monotone model of the cubic symmetric connectedness locus, that is, the space of all cubic symmetric polynomials with connected Julia sets. In the present paper, the second in the series, we develop an algorithm for generating the cubic symmetric comajor lamination analogous to the Lavaurs algorithm for constructing the quadratic minor lamination.

We show the existence of transcendental entire functions $f: \mathbb {C} \rightarrow \mathbb {C}$ with Hausdorff-dimension $1$ Julia sets, such that every Fatou component of f has infinite inner connectivity. We also show that there exist singleton complementary components of any Fatou component of f, answering a question of Rippon and Stallard [Eremenko points and the structure of the escaping set. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 372(5) (2019), 3083–3111]. Our proof relies on a quasiconformal-surgery approach developed by Burkart and Lazebnik [Interpolation of power mappings. Rev. Mat. Iberoam. 39(3) (2023), 1181–1200].

A cylindrical cascade on $\mathbb {T}^d\times \mathbb {R}^r$ can be seen as a deterministic random walk on $\mathbb {R}^r$ driven by an observable over the irrational toral translation on the base torus. We prove that, when the observable is the indicator function of a generic (straight) rectangle in $\mathbb {T}^2$, the cascade on $\mathbb {T}^2\times \mathbb {R}$ is ergodic for a $G_{\delta }$-dense set of translation vectors. We also provide examples of ergodic cylindrical cascades in higher dimensions with more restrictive conditions on the side lengths of the rectangles.

We study the class $\operatorname {Erg}^\perp $ of automorphisms which are disjoint with all ergodic systems. We prove that the identities are the only multipliers of $\operatorname {Erg}^\perp ,$ that is, each automorphism whose every joining with an element of $\operatorname {Erg}^{\perp }$ yields a system which is again an element of $\operatorname {Erg}^{\perp }$, must be an identity. Despite this fact, we show that $\operatorname {Erg}^\perp $ is closed by taking Cartesian products. Finally, we prove that there are non-identity elements in $\operatorname {Erg}^\perp $ whose self-joinings always yield elements in $\operatorname {Erg}^\perp $. This shows that there are non-trivial characteristic classes included in $\operatorname {Erg}^\perp $.

Let $(X,\mathcal {B},\mu ,T)$ be a probability-preserving system with X compact and T a homeomorphism. We show that if every point in $X\times X$ is two-sided recurrent, then $h_{\mu }(T)=0$, resolving a problem of Benjamin Weiss, and that if $h_{\mu }(T)=\infty $, then every full-measure set in X contains mean-asymptotic pairs (that is, the associated process is not tight), resolving a problem of Ornstein and Weiss.

We show that linearly repetitive weighted Delone sets in groups of polynomial growth have a uniquely ergodic hull. This result applies in particular to the linearly repetitive weighted Delone sets in homogeneous Lie groups constructed in the companion paper [S. Beckus, T. Hartnick and F. Pogorzelski. Symbolic substitution beyond Abelian groups. Preprint, 2021, arXiv:2109.15210] using symbolic substitution methods. More generally, using the quasi-tiling method of Ornstein and Weiss, we establish unique ergodicity of hulls of weighted Delone sets in amenable unimodular locally compact second countable groups under a new repetitivity condition which we call tempered repetitivity. For this purpose, we establish a general sub-additive convergence theorem, which also has applications concerning the existence of Banach densities and uniform approximation of the spectral distribution function of finite hopping range operators on Cayley graphs.

Quasigeodesic behavior of flow lines is a very useful property in the study of Anosov flows. Not every Anosov flow in dimension three is quasigeodesic. In fact, until recently, up to orbit equivalence, the only previously known examples of quasigeodesic Anosov flows were suspension flows. In a recent article, the second author proved that an Anosov flow on a hyperbolic 3-manifold is quasigeodesic if and only if it is non-$\mathbb {R}$-covered, and this result completes the classification of quasigeodesic Anosov flows on hyperbolic 3-manifolds. In this article, we prove that a new class of examples of Anosov flows are quasigeodesic. These are the first examples of quasigeodesic Anosov flows on 3-manifolds that are neither Seifert, nor solvable, nor hyperbolic. In general, it is very hard to show that a given flow is quasigeodesic and, in this article, we provide a new method to prove that an Anosov flow is quasigeodesic.

We build a Shannon orbit equivalence between the universal odometer and a variety of rank-one systems. This is done in a unified manner using what we call flexible classes of rank-one transformations. Our main result is that every flexible class contains an element which is Shannon orbit equivalent to the universal odometer. Since a typical example of flexible class is $\{T\}$ when T is an odometer, our work generalizes a recent result by Kerr and Li, stating that every odometer is Shannon orbit equivalent to the universal odometer. When the flexible class is a singleton, the rank-one transformation given by the main result is explicit. This applies to odometers and Chacon’s map. We also prove that strongly mixing systems, systems with a given eigenvalue, or irrational rotations whose angle belongs to any fixed non-empty open subset of the real line form flexible classes. In particular, strong mixing, rationality or irrationality of the eigenvalues are not preserved under Shannon orbit equivalence.

An extension of Szemerédi’s theorem is proved for sets of positive density in approximate lattices in general locally compact and second countable abelian groups. As a consequence, we establish a recent conjecture of Klick, Strungaru and Tcaciuc. Via a novel version of Furstenberg’s correspondence principle, which should be of independent interest, we show that our Szemerédi theorems can be deduced from a general transverse multiple recurrence theorem, which we establish using a recent work of Austin [Non-conventional ergodic averages for several commuting actions of an amenable group. J. Anal. Math. 130 (2016), 243–274].

We study locally constant skew-product maps over full shifts of finite symbols with arbitrary compact metric spaces as fiber spaces. We introduce a new criterion to determine the density of leaves of the strong unstable (and strong stable) foliation, that is, for its minimality. When the fiber space is a circle, we show that both strong foliations are minimal for an open and dense set of robustly transitive skew-products. We provide examples where either one foliation is minimal or neither is minimal. Our approach involves investigating the dynamics of the associated iterated function system (IFS). We establish the asymptotic stability of the phase space of the IFS when it is a strict attractor of the system. We also show that any transitive IFS consisting of circle diffeomorphisms that preserve orientation can be approximated by a robust forward and backward minimal, expanding, and ergodic (with respect to Lebesgue) IFS. Lastly, we provide examples of smooth robustly transitive IFSs where either the forward or the backward minimal fails, or both.

We classify quasidiagonals of the $SL(2, R)$ action on products of strata or hyperelliptic loci. We use the technique of diamonds developed by Apisa and Wright in order to use induction on this problem.

Entropy of measure-preserving or continuous actions of amenable discrete groups allows for various equivalent approaches. Among them are those given by the techniques developed by Ollagnier and Pinchon on the one hand and the Ornstein–Weiss lemma on the other. We extend these two approaches to the context of actions of amenable topological groups. In contrast to the discrete setting, our results reveal a remarkable difference between the two concepts of entropy in the realm of non-discrete groups: while the first quantity collapses to 0 in the non-discrete case, the second yields a well-behaved invariant for amenable unimodular groups. Concerning the latter, we moreover study the corresponding notion of topological pressure, prove a Goodwyn-type theorem, and establish the equivalence with the uniform lattice approach (for locally compact groups admitting a uniform lattice). Our study elaborates on a version of the Ornstein–Weiss lemma due to Gromov.