In this paper we give conditions under which a positive order continuous operator T defined on a Banach function space can be extended, preserving the order continuity in a certain optimal way. The optimal domain for T turns out to be a space of weakly integrable functions with respect to a vector measure (defined on a δ-ring) canonically associated to T. A similar result is obtained when T is σ-order continuous and we want to preserve the σ-order continuity. We apply these results to kernel operators.

Let A be an artin algebra with representation dimension not more than 3. Assuming that AV is an Auslander generator and M ∈ addAV, we show that both findim(EndAM) and findim(EndAM)op are finite, and consequently the Gorenstein symmetry conjecture, the Wakamatsu-tilting conjecture and the generalized Nakayama conjecture hold for EndAM.

We investigate strongly continuous one-parameter (C0) groups of isometries acting on certain spaces of analytical functions which were introduced by Kolaski (C. J. Kolaski, Isometries of some smooth normed spaces of analytic functions, Complex Var. Theory Appl. 10(2–3) (1988), 115–122). We characterize the generators of these groups of isometries and also the spectrum of the generators. We provide an example on the Bloch space of an unbounded hermitian operator with non-compact resolvent.

Motivated by a classical theorem of Schoenberg, we prove that an n + 1 point finite metric space has strict 2-negative type if and only if it can be isometrically embedded in the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ of dimension n but it cannot be isometrically embedded in any Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^{r}$ of dimension r < n. We use this result as a technical tool to study ‘roundness’ properties of additive metrics with a particular focus on ultrametrics and leaf metrics. The following conditions are shown to be equivalent for a metric space (X,d): (1) X is ultrametric, (2) X has infinite roundness, (3) X has infinite generalized roundness, (4) X has strict p-negative type for all p ≥ 0 and (5) X admits no p-polygonal equality for any p ≥ 0. As all ultrametric spaces have strict 2-negative type by (4) we thus obtain a short new proof of Lemin's theorem: Every finite ultrametric space is isometrically embeddable into some Euclidean space as an affinely independent set. Motivated by a question of Lemin, Shkarin introduced the class $\mathcal{M}$ of all finite metric spaces that may be isometrically embedded into ℓ2 as an affinely independent set. The results of this paper show that Shkarin's class $\mathcal{M}$ consists of all finite metric spaces of strict 2-negative type. We also note that it is possible to construct an additive metric space whose generalized roundness is exactly ℘ for each ℘ ∈ [1, ∞].

We construct a representation of each finitely aligned aperiodic k-graph Λ on the Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}^{\rm ap}$ with basis indexed by aperiodic boundary paths in Λ. We show that the canonical expectation on $\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H}^{\rm ap})$ restricts to an expectation of the image of this representation onto the subalgebra spanned by the final projections of the generating partial isometries. We then show that every quotient of the Toeplitz algebra of the k-graph admits an expectation compatible with this one. Using this, we prove that the image of our representation, which is canonically isomorphic to the Cuntz–Krieger algebra, is co-universal for Toeplitz–Cuntz–Krieger families consisting of non-zero partial isometries.

In this paper, we study the homogenised algebra B of the enveloping algebra U of the Lie algebra sℓ(2,ℂ). We look first to connections between the category of graded left B-modules and the category of U-modules, then we prove B is Koszul and Artin–Schelter regular of global dimension four, hence its Yoneda algebra B! is self-injective of radical five zeros, and the structure of B! is given. We describe next the category of homogenised Verma modules, which correspond to the lifting to B of the usual Verma modules over U, and prove that such modules are Koszul of projective dimension two. It was proved in Martínez-Villa and Zacharia (Approximations with modules having linear resolutions, J. Algebra266(2) (2003), 671–697)] that all graded stable components of a self-injective Koszul algebra are of type ZA∞. Here, we characterise the graded B!-modules corresponding to the Koszul duality to homogenised Verma modules, and prove that these are located at the mouth of a regular component. In this way we obtain a family of components over a wild algebra indexed by ℂ.

There are described equations for a pair comprising a Riemannian metric and a Killing field on a surface that contain as special cases the Einstein Weyl equations (in the sense of D. Calderbank) and a real version of a special case of the Abelian vortex equations, and it is shown that the property that a metric solve these equations is preserved by the Ricci flow. The equations are solved explicitly, and among the metrics obtained are all steady gradient Ricci solitons (e.g. the cigar soliton) and the sausage metric; there are found other examples of eternal, ancient, and immortal Ricci flows, as well as some Ricci flows with conical singularities.

We examine the solubility of a diagonal, translation invariant, quadratic equation system in arbitrary (dense) subsets $\mathcal{A}$ ⊂ ℤ and show quantitative bounds on the size of $\mathcal{A}$ if there are no non-trivial solutions. We use the circle method and Roth's density increment argument. Due to a restriction theory approach we can deal with equations in s ≥ 7 variables.

We introduce the concept of homological Frobenius functors as the natural generalization of Frobenius functors in the setting of triangulated categories, and study their structure in the particular case of the derived categories of those of complexes and modules over a unital associative ring. Tilting complexes (modules) are examples of homological Frobenius complexes (modules). Homological Frobenius functors retain some of the nice properties of Frobenius ones as the ascent theorem for Gorenstein categories. It is shown that homological Frobenius ring homomorphisms are always Frobenius.

A new family of zerofree region of the Riemann Zeta-function ζ is identified by using Turán's (P. Turán, Eine neue Methode inter Analysis und deren Anwendungen (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary, 1953); Analytic number theory, Proc. Symp. Pure Math., vol. XXIV (Amer. Math. Soc. Providence, RI, 1972)) localization criterion linking zeros of ζ with uniform local suprema of sets of Dirichlet polynomials expanded over the primes. The proof is based on a randomization argument. An estimate for local extrema for some finite families of shifted Dirichlet polynomials is established by preliminary considering their local increment properties by means of Montgomery-Vaughan's variant of Hilbert's inequality. A covering argument combined with Turán's localization criterion allows to conclude.

In [3] the authors (M. Borodzik and S. Friedl, Unknotting number and classical invariants (preprint 2012)) associated to a knot K ⊂ S3 an invariant nℝ(K), which is defined using the Blanchfield form and which gives a lower bound on the unknotting number. In this paper, we express nℝ(K) in terms of the Levine-Tristram signatures and nullities of K. We also show in the proof that the Blanchfield form for any knot K is diagonalisable over ℝ[t±1].

In this paper, we consider the question about length distortions under quasiconformal mappings with respect to quadratic differential metrics. More precisely, let X and Y be closed Riemann surfaces with genus at least 2, and f: X → Y being a K-quasiconformal mapping. Given two quadratic differential metrics |q1| and |q2| with unit areas on X and Y respectively, whether there exists a constant $\mathcal C$ depending only on K such that $\frac{1}{\mathcal C} l_{q_1} (\gamma) \leq l_{q_2} (f(\gamma)) \leq \mathcal C l_{q_1} (\gamma)$ holds for any simple closed curve γ ⊂ X. Here lqi(α) denotes the infimum of the lengths of curves in the homotopy class of α with respect to the metric |qi|, i = 1, 2. We give positive answers to this question, including the aspects that the desired constant ${\mathcal C}$ explicitly depends on q1, q2 and K, and that the constant $\mathcal C$ is universal for all the quantities involved.

For a formation $\mathfrak F$, a subgroup M of a finite group G is said to be $\mathfrak F$-pronormal in G if for each g ∈ G, there exists x ∈ 〈U,Ug〉$\mathfrak F$ such that Ux = Ug. Let f be a subgroup embedding functor such that f(G) contains the set of normal subgroups of G and is contained in the set of Sylow-permutable subgroups of G for every finite group G. Given such an f, let fT denote the class of finite groups in which f(G) is the set of subnormal subgroups of G; this is the class of all finite groups G in which to be in f(G) is a transitive relation in G. A subgroup M of a finite group G is said to be $\mathfrak F$-normal in G if G/CoreG(M) belongs to $\mathfrak F$. A subgroup U of a finite group G is called K-$\mathfrak F$-subnormal in G if either U = G or there exist subgroups U = U0 ≤ U1 ≤ . . . ≤ Un = G such that Ui–1 is either normal or $\mathfrak F$-normal in Ui, for i = 1,2, …, n. We call a finite group G an $fT_{\mathfrak F}$-group if every K-$\mathfrak F$-subnormal subgroup of G is in f(G). In this paper, we analyse for certain formations $\mathfrak F$ the structure of $fT_{\mathfrak F}$-groups. We pay special attention to the $\mathfrak F$-pronormal subgroups in this analysis.

In this paper, we introduce a notion of unistructural cluster algebras, for which the set of cluster variables uniquely determines the clusters, as well as the notion of weak unistructural cluster algebras, for which the set of cluster variables determines the clusters, provided that the type of the cluster algebra is fixed. We prove that, for cluster algebras of the Dynkin type, the two notions of unistructural and weakly unistructural coincide, and that cluster algebras of rank 2 are always unistructural. We then prove that a cluster algebra $\mathcal A$ is weakly unistructural if and only if any automorphism of the ambient field, which restricts to a permutation of cluster variables of $\mathcal A$, is a cluster automorphism. We also investigate the Fomin-Zelevinsky conjecture that two cluster variables are compatible if and only if one does not appear in the denominator of the Laurent expansions of the other.