Dans le but d’obtenir le déclassement de l’installation nucléaire de base 106 (INB 106),trois de ses accélérateurs ont été arrêtés puis démantelés et un autre modifié pour passersous le seuil de classement INB. Le démantèlement a été mené sur la base d’une stratégiede démontage mécanique sans découpe. Les éléments de génie civil peu activés ont pour latrès grande majorité été laissés en place sans traitement avec des mesures compensatoiresde protection du public et de l’environnement. Le résultat global de ces opérations est ungain en termes de coût et de délais et une importante diminution des risques notammentradiologiques, l’impact du site à l’état final restant acceptable.

One key issue in the EURANOS project was the methodological and technological improvementof decision support systems, in particular the RODOS system, with respect to the practicalapplication in operational emergency centres. The development process was mainly driven bythe result of demonstration activities and responses obtained from the end-users in theemergency centres. The intention of this article is to give an overview of all major workitems which have been performed within EURANOS with the aim of improving decision supportsystems. More details about several of these activities can be found in separate articlesin this issue.

Une meilleure connaissance du débit de dose absorbée à l’échelle de la molécule d’ADN passe par l’étude de l’évolution spatio-temporelle de la distribution de radicaux libres créés 10-12 secondes après irradiation d’un fragment d’ADN linéaire. Le présent travail consiste en l’étude des processus de diffusion et de réaction de ces radicaux avec les bases principales de l’ADN : la cytosine, la thymine, l’adénine et la guanine. Dans cet objectif, nous appliquons l’équation de diffusion (∂Ci/∂t = Di∇2Ci + F) pour simuler les processus chimiques menant à la détermination des concentrations et des rendements radiochimiques des espèces e-aq, H, OH, des cassures simple et double brin de l’ADN, et nous tenons compte de l’effet radio protecteur des molécules telles que : DMSO (diméthyle sulfoxyde -CH3SOCH3-), Tris ((HOCH2)3CNH2), Formiate de sodium (HCOO-).

In many regions subjected to the contamination after the ChNPP accident forest products play an important role in radiation impact on the population. The decision making framework to optimise implementation of forest countermeasures in the long term after the ChNPP accident is described. The approach is based on the analysis of the main exposure pathways related to contaminated forest and application of different criteria (reduction of individual dose, cost for implementation; cost of averted dose of 1 man-Sv; secondary ecological effect and psycho-social impact) for the selection of optimal countermeasures strategies. Results of the application of the approach proposed for the study area (Novozybkov district, Russian Federation) are presented. The results emphasize the effectiveness of the application of a flexible decision support technologies for the optimization of countermeasures taking into account radioecological and economic features of contaminated forests.

The FASTer-lite model is multi-compartmental model that can be used to simulate transfer through a simple terrestrial food-chain. The model uses allometric relationships to describe dietary intake rates and radionuclide biological half-lives; the latter were mostly derived from published literature. This type of conventional modelling, for simulating the transfer of radionuclides to representative animals such as birds, results in the observation that activity concentrations associated with ecological compartments approach an equilibrium after a certain time interval. Whilst this approach has validity, however, it is not biologically plausible as it ignores reproduction. In this study we calculate how activity concentrations may vary if transfer to eggs and subsequent growth dilution occurring within juvenile birds is accounted for.

Olkiluoto Island on the western coast of Finland has been selected as a repository site for spent nuclear fuel in Finland. This study aimed at identifying differences in concentration ratios (CR), and their distributions, for the elements analysed on soil and vegetation samples taken on the island (Al, B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, S, Zn). Many of the elements can be considered to be chemically analogous to radionuclides that, potentially, can be released from the repository. Differences between the soil and vegetation in different tree age, tree species and site fertility classes typical of the forest ecosystems in Olkiluoto were investigated. Lognormal distributions were fitted to the different groupings of the CR data calculated on the basis of the results from 94 sampling plots. In most cases no significant differences were found between the different groupings for a specific element when the 95% confidence intervals were applied. According to the results based on real site data for CRs in forest ecosystems on Olkiluoto, it appears that the current CR-based approach to radionuclide modelling in forest ecosystems is problematic due to the large variation in parameter values and in their practical definition.

L'examen anthroporadiamétrie pulmonaire est par sa rapidité de réponse un moyen utile à la surveillance médicale pour l'estimation de la contamination après inhalation de produits radiotoxiques.Les actinides (en particulier 239-Pu) sont des émetteurs X et alpha de basse énergie. Malgré les améliorations réalisées en matière de détection par l'arrivée des détecteurs germanium de grandvolume, les performances des installations montrent des sensibilités de détection encore beaucoup trop élevées comparées aux limites annuelles d'incorporation. L'amélioration de la mesure invivo exige le développement d'un système de spectrométrie X de résolution en énergie comparable à celle du germanium. Les critères de ces nouveaux détecteurs reposent sur le fonctionnementà température ambiante ainsi qu'une surface de détection adaptée au thorax. Les matériaux potentiels sont les semi-conducteurs Si et CdTe.

A number of frameworks have been proposed to assess the protection of wildlife from ionising radiations. In this paper we compare the predictions of transfer parameters recommended by one of these frameworks (FASSET) with observed whole-body 90Sr and 137Cs activity concentrations in a range of mammal and invertebrate species sampled within the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Predicted activity concentrations are generally within the observed ranges and mean predictions for reference organisms are similar to, or circa one order of magnitude higher than, the observed means. However, some predictions are more than one order of magnitude lower than observed values. No data were available for animals to test predictions for the other radionuclides released by the Chernobyl accident. In a separate paper the outputs of this assessment will be used to estimate doses to reference organisms and compare these to observed radiation induced effects reported within the Chernobyl zone.