We prove a general principle satisfied by weakly precompact sets of Lipschitz-free spaces. By this principle, certain infinite dimensional phenomena in Lipschitz-free spaces over general metric spaces may be reduced to the same phenomena in free spaces over their compact subsets. As easy consequences we derive several new and some known results. The main new results are: \mathcal {F}(X)$\mathcal {F}(X)$ is weakly sequentially complete for every superreflexive Banach space X$X$, and \mathcal {F}(M)$\mathcal {F}(M)$ has the Schur property and the approximation property for every scattered complete metric space M$M$.

The Kudryashov–Sinelshchikov–Olver equation describes pressure waves in liquids with gas bubbles taking into account heat transfer and viscosity. In this paper, we prove the existence of solutions of the Cauchy problem associated with this equation.

We propose and investigate a stage-structured SLIRM epidemic model with latent period in a spatially continuous habitat. We first show the existence of semi-travelling waves that connect the unstable disease-free equilibrium as the wave coordinate goes to − ∞, provided that the basic reproduction number and for some positive number . We then use a combination of asymptotic estimates, Laplace transform and Cauchy's integral theorem to show the persistence of semi-travelling waves. Based on the persistent property, we construct a Lyapunov functional to prove the convergence of the semi-travelling wave to an endemic (positive) equilibrium as the wave coordinate goes to + ∞. In addition, by the Laplace transform technique, the non-existence of bounded semi-travelling wave is also proved when and . This indicates that is indeed the minimum wave speed. Finally simulations are given to illustrate the evolution of profiles.

We consider the possible disentanglements of holomorphic map germs f: (ℂn, 0) → (ℂN, 0), 0 < n < N, with nonisolated locus of instability Inst (f). The aim is to achieve lower bounds for their (homological) connectivity in terms of dim Inst (f). Our methods apply in the case of corank 1.

Let be a sequence of bounded linear maps acting on an arbitrary Banach space X and admitting an exponential trichotomy and let be a Lispchitz map for every . We prove that whenever the Lipschitz constants of , , are uniformly small, the nonautonomous dynamics given by , , has various types of shadowing. Moreover, if X is finite dimensional and each is invertible we prove that a converse result is also true. Furthermore, we get similar results for one-sided and continuous time dynamics. As applications of our results, we study the Hyers–Ulam stability for certain difference equations and we obtain a very general version of the Grobman–Hartman's theorem for nonautonomous dynamics.

Under suitable assumptions on the family of anisotropies, we prove the existence of a weak global 1/(n+1)-Hölder continuous in time mean curvature flow with mobilities of a bounded anisotropic partition in any dimension using the method of minimizing movements. The result is extended to the case when suitable driving forces are present. We improve the Hölder exponent to 1/2 in the case of partitions with the same anisotropy and the same mobility and provide a weak comparison result in this setting for a weak anisotropic mean curvature flow of a partition and an anisotropic mean curvature two-phase flow.

Let be the genus–g oriented surface with p punctures, with either g > 0 or p > 3. We show that is acylindrically hyperbolic where DT is the normal subgroup of the mapping class group generated by powers of Dehn twists about curves in for suitable K.

Moreover, we show that in low complexity is in fact hyperbolic. In particular, for 3g − 3 + p ⩽ 2, we show that the mapping class group is fully residually non-elementary hyperbolic and admits an affine isometric action with unbounded orbits on some space. Moreover, if every hyperbolic group is residually finite, then every convex-cocompact subgroup of is separable.

The aforementioned results follow from general theorems about composite rotating families, in the sense of [13], that come from a collection of subgroups of vertex stabilizers for the action of a group G on a hyperbolic graph X. We give conditions ensuring that the graph X/N is again hyperbolic and various properties of the action of G on X persist for the action of G/N on X/N.

We consider the focussing fractional periodic Korteweg–deVries (fKdV) and fractional periodic non-linear Schrödinger equations (fNLS) equations, with L2 sub-critical dispersion. In particular, this covers the case of the periodic KdV and Benjamin-Ono models. We construct two parameter family of bell-shaped travelling waves for KdV (standing waves for NLS), which are constrained minimizers of the Hamiltonian. We show in particular that for each , there is a travelling wave solution to fKdV and fNLS , which is non-degenerate. We also show that the waves are spectrally stable and orbitally stable, provided the Cauchy problem is locally well-posed in Hα/2[ − T, T] and a natural technical condition. This is done rigorously, without any a priori assumptions on the smoothness of the waves or the Lagrange multipliers.

This paper deals with solutions of semilinear elliptic equations of the type

In 2014, Baumslag and Wiegold proved that a finite group G is nilpotent if and only if o(xy) = o(x)o(y) for every x, y ∈ G with (o(x), o(y)) = 1. This has led to a number of results that characterize the nilpotence of a group (or the existence of nilpotent Hall subgroups, or the existence of normal Hall subgroups) in terms of prime divisors of element orders. Here, we look at these results with a new twist. The first of our main results asserts that G is nilpotent if and only if o(xy) ⩽ o(x)o(y) for every x, y ∈ G of prime power order with (o(x), o(y)) = 1. As an immediate consequence, we recover the Baumslag–Wiegold theorem. The proof of this result is elementary. We prove some variations of this result that depend on the classification of finite simple groups.

We show that the spectrum of the relativistic mean curvature operator on a bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝN (N ⩾ 1) having smooth boundary, subject to the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition, is exactly the interval (λ1(2), ∞), where λ1(2) stands for the principal frequency of the Laplace operator in Ω.

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to a class of non-autonomous stochastic nonlinear wave equations with dispersive and viscosity dissipative terms driven by operator-type noise defined on the entire space . The existence, uniqueness, time-semi-uniform compactness and asymptotically autonomous robustness of pullback random attractors are proved in when the growth rate of the nonlinearity has a subcritical range, the density of the noise is suitably controllable, and the time-dependent force converges to a time-independent function in some sense. The main difficulty to establish the time-semi-uniform pullback asymptotic compactness of the solutions in is caused by the lack of compact Sobolev embeddings on , as well as the weak dissipativeness of the equations is surmounted at light of the idea of uniform tail-estimates and a spectral decomposition approach. The measurability of random attractors is proved by using an argument which considers two attracting universes developed by Wang and Li (Phys. D 382: 46–57, 2018).

This paper deals with the logistic Keller–Segel model

There is an enormous literature on the so-called Grenander estimator, which is merely the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator of a nonincreasing probability density on [0, 1] (see, for instance, Grenander (1981)), but unfortunately, there is no nonasymptotic (i.e. for arbitrary finite sample size n) explicit upper bound for the quadratic risk of the Grenander estimator readily applicable in practice by statisticians. In this paper, we establish, for the first time, a simple explicit upper bound 2n−1/2 for the latter quadratic risk. It turns out to be a straightforward consequence of an inequality valid with probability one and bounding from above the integrated squared error of the Grenander estimator by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic.

We approach non-divisorial base loci of big and nef line bundles on irreducible symplectic varieties. While for K3 surfaces, only divisorial base loci can occur, nothing was known about the behaviour of non-divisorial base loci for more general irreducible symplectic varieties. We determine the base loci of all big and nef line bundles on the Hilbert scheme of two points on very general K3 surfaces of genus two and on their birational models. Remarkably, we find an ample line bundle with a non-trivial base locus in codimension two. We deduce that, generically in the moduli spaces of polarized K3[2]-type varieties, the polarization is base point free.

This work investigates the existence and bifurcation structure of multi-pulse steady-state solutions to bistable lattice dynamical systems. Such solutions are characterized by multiple compact disconnected regions where the solution resembles one of the bistable states and resembles another trivial bistable state outside of these compact sets. It is shown that the bifurcation curves of these multi-pulse solutions lie along closed and bounded curves (isolas), even when single-pulse solutions lie along unbounded curves. These results are applied to a discrete Nagumo differential equation and we show that the hypotheses of this work can be confirmed analytically near the anti-continuum limit. Results are demonstrated with a number of numerical investigations.

In this note, we study the hyperbolic stochastic damped sine-Gordon equation (SdSG), with a parameter β2 > 0, and its associated Gibbs dynamics on the two-dimensional torus. After introducing a suitable renormalization, we first construct the Gibbs measure in the range 0 < β2 < 4π via the variational approach due to Barashkov-Gubinelli (2018). We then prove almost sure global well-posedness and invariance of the Gibbs measure under the hyperbolic SdSG dynamics in the range 0 < β2 < 2π. Our construction of the Gibbs measure also yields almost sure global well-posedness and invariance of the Gibbs measure for the parabolic sine-Gordon model in the range 0 < β2 < 4π.

The Jones polynomial is a famous link invariant that can be defined diagrammatically via a skein relation. Khovanov homology is a richer link invariant that categorifies the Jones polynomial. Using spectral sequences, we obtain a skein-type relation satisfied by the Khovanov homology. Thanks to this relation, we are able to generalize the Khovanov homology in order to obtain a categorification of the θ-invariant, which is itself a generalization of the Jones polynomial.

We study the existence of entropy solutions by assuming the right-hand side function f to be an integrable function for some elliptic nonlocal p-Laplacian type problems. Moreover, the existence of weak solutions for the corresponding parabolic cases is also established. The main aim of this paper is to provide some positive answers for the two questions proposed by Chipot and de Oliveira (Math. Ann., 2019, 375, 283-306).

We study equilibrium surfaces for an energy which is a linear combination of the area and a second term which measures the bending and twisting of the boundary. Specifically, the twisting energy is given by the twisting of the Darboux frame. This energy is a modification of the Euler–Plateau functional considered by Giomi and Mahadevan (2012, Proc. R. Soc. A 468, 1851–1864), and a natural special case of the Kirchhoff–Plateau energy considered by Biria and Fried (2014, Proc. R. Soc. A 470, 20140368; 2015, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 94, 86–102).