We present integral-field spectroscopic observations with the VIMOS-IFU at the VLT of fast (2000-3000 kms−1) Balmer-dominated shocks surrounding the northwestern rim of the remnant of supernova 1006. The high spatial and spectral resolution of the instrument enable us to show that the physical characteristics of the shocks exhibit a strong spatial variation over few atomic scale lengths across 133 sky locations. Our results point to the presence of a population of non-thermal protons (10-100 keV) which might well be the seed particles for generating high-energy cosmic rays. We also present observations of Tycho's supernova remnant taken with the narrow-band tunable filter imager OSIRIS at the GTC and the Fabry-Perot interferometer GHaFaS at the WHT to resolve respectively the broad and narrow Hα lines across a large part of the remnant.

We present observations which probe the small-scale structure of the interstellar medium using diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). Towards HD 168075/6 in the Eagle Nebula, significant differences in DIB absorption are found between the two lines of sight, which are separated by 0.25 pc, and λ 5797 exhibits a velocity shift. Similar data are presented for four stars in the μ Sgr system. We also present a search for variations in DIB absorption towards κ Vel, where the atomic lines are known to vary on scales of ~ 10 AU. Observations separated by ~ 9 yr yielded no evidence for changes in DIB absorption strength over this scale, but do reveal an unusual DIB spectrum.

It has long been known that rotation can have an appreciable impact on stellar pulsation — by modifying the usual p and g modes found in the non-rotating case, and by introducing new classes of modes. However, it's only relatively recently that advances in numerical simulations and complementary theoretical treatments have enabled us to model these phenomena in any great detail. In this talk I'll review highlights in this area (the ‘Greatest Hits’), before considering the flip side (or the ‘B-side’, for those of us old enough to remember vinyl records) of the pulsation-rotation interaction: how pulsation can itself influence internal rotation profiles.

Using own and literature data for a large sample of O stars in the Milky Way, we investigate the correspondence between their spectroscopic and evolutionary masses, and try to put constraints on various parameters that might influence the estimates of these two quantities.

There is overwhelming evidence that the Milky Way has formed its stars at a relatively constant rate throughout the Hubble time. This implies that its stock of cold gas was not in place since the beginning but it has been acquired slowly through gas accretion. The gas accretion must have been at low metallicity in order to reconcile the metallicities observed in the disc with the predictions of chemical evolution models. But how does this gas accretion take place? I review the current evidence of gas accretion into the Milky Way and similar galaxies through the infall of cold gas clouds and satellites. The conclusion from these studies is that the infalling gas at high column densities observed in HI emission is a least one order of magnitude below the value required to sustain star formation, thus accretion must come from a different channel. The likely reservoir for gas accretion is the cosmological corona of virial-temperature gas in which every galaxy must be embedded. At the interface between the disc and the corona the cold high-metallicity disc gas and the hot coronal medium must mix efficiently and this mixing causes the cooling and accretion of the lower corona. I show how this mechanism reproduces the kinematics of the neutral extraplanar gas in the Milky Way and other nearby galaxies and the ionised high-velocity clouds observed in HST spectra. I conclude with the speculation that the loss in efficiency of the disc-corona interaction is the ultimate cause for the evolution of disc galaxies towards the red sequence.

The stability diagrams in the “pericentric distance — eccentricity” plane of initial data are built and analyzed for Kepler-38, Kepler-47, and Kepler-64 (PH1). This completes a survey of stability of the known up to now circumbinary planetary systems, initiated by Popova & Shevchenko (2013), where the analysis was performed for Kepler-16, 34, and 35. In the diagrams, the planets appear to be “embedded” in the fractal chaos border; however, I make an attempt to measure the “distance” to the chaos border in a physically consistent way. The obtained distances are compared to those given by the widely used numerical-experimental criterion by Holman & Wiegert (1999), who employed smooth polynomial approximations to describe the border. I identify the resonance cells, hosting the planets.

The Australia Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS) is the widest deep radio survey ever attempted, covering ~7deg2 across its two fields, the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) and the European Large Area ISO Survey South 1 Region (ELAIS-S1). ATLAS has extensive multiwavelength data, including optical, infrared and X-ray, to complement its ~15μJy rms 1.4 GHz radio data. At these faint radio flux densities, the proportion of AGN to star-forming galaxies (SFGs) is high, and there are likely many composite objects, which have both an AGN and ongoing star formation. In ATLAS, we estimate that the number of AGN is approximately 50%, and this proportion will change with decreasing flux density. To understand the relationship between the AGN and the host galaxy, we need to measure the contribution of the AGN to the total luminosity, and determine how this varies with the evolutionary stage of the galaxy. Here I present results exploring the AGN contribution to galaxies over cosmic time, through the use of different multiwavelength discriminants.

A new X-ray transient, XMMU J174505.3-291445, has been detected within the 2012 XMM-Newton scan of the Galactic center. The short 4.7 ks flare, the highly absorbed X-ray spectrum and the relatively low luminosity of the event suggest the association of the source with either the class of very faint X-ray transients or that of supergiant fast X-ray transients. Further analysis, together with the identification of the possible infrared counterpart will help to unveil the true nature of XMMU J174505.3-291445.

Our current understanding and modeling of angular momentum transport in low-mass stars are briefly reviewed. Emphasis is set on single stars slightly younger that the Sun and on subgiants and red giants observed by the space missions CoRoT and Kepler.

As part of the Bcool project, over 150 solar-type stars chosen mainly from planet search databases have been observed between 2006 and 2013 using the NARVAL and ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeters on the Telescope Bernard Lyot (Pic du Midi, France) and the Canada France Hawaii Telescope (Mauna Kea, USA), respectively. These single “snapshot” observations have been used to detect the presence of magnetic fields on 40% of our sample, with the highest detection rates occurring for the youngest stars. From our observations we have determined the mean surface longitudinal field (or an upper limit for stars without detections) and the chromospheric surface fluxes, and find that the upper envelope of the absolute value of the mean surface longitudinal field is directly correlated to the chromospheric emission from the star and increases with rotation rate and decreases with age.

There are about 70 Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) that are now confirmed or suggested to be in physical contact with molecular clouds (MCs) with six kinds of evidence of multiwavelength observations. Recent detailed CO-line spectroscopic mappings of a series of SNRs reveal them to be in cavities of molecular gas, implying the roles the progenitors may have played. We predict a linear correlation between the wind bubble sizes of main-sequence OB stars in a molecular environment and the stellar masses and discuss its implication for supernova progenitors. The molecular environments of SNRs can serve as a good probe for the γ-rays arising from the hadronic interaction of the accelerated protons, and this paper also discusses the γ-ray emission from MCs illuminated by diffusive protons that escape from SNR shocks.

The relationship between DIBs and dust is still unknown. The correlation between reddening and DIB strength means that the DIBs are mixed in with the dust and gas in interstellar clouds. The DIBs are relatively stronger in the diffuse interstellar medium than in dense clouds. There is only a weak correlation between the DIBs and the UV extinction parameters including the 2175 Å bump strength and the far-UV rise. In addition, the bump dust grains are sometimes polarized, while the DIBs are not. However, observations of DIBs in the SMC show that when the 2175 Å bump is weak or missing so are the DIBs. Two of the four sightlines that deviate strongly from the CCM UV extinction in the Galaxy show weak DIBs.

Recent observations of rapidly rotating stars have revealed the presence of regular patterns in their pulsation spectra. This has raised the question as to their physical origin, and, in particular, whether they can be explained by an asymptotic frequency formula for low-degree acoustic modes, as recently discovered through numerical calculations and theoretical considerations. In this context, a key question is whether compositional/density gradients can adversely affect such patterns to the point of hindering their identification. To answer this question, we calculate frequency spectra using two-dimensional ESTER stellar models. These models use a multi-domain spectral approach, allowing us to easily insert a compositional discontinuity while retaining a high numerical accuracy. We analyse the effects of such discontinuities on both the frequencies and eigenfunctions of pulsation modes in the asymptotic regime. We find that although there is more scatter around the asymptotic frequency formula, the semi-large frequency separation can still be clearly identified in a spectrum of low-degree acoustic modes.

In this brief review of recent work relating the DIBs to other gas-phase constituents of the ISM, we explore correlations between DIB equivalent widths and the column densities of various atomic and molecular species, drawn from a large database constructed for that purpose. The tightness and slopes of the correlations can provide information on how the DIBs might be related to those species (physically, chemically, spatially) and on various properties of the DIB carriers. Deviations from the mean relationships can reveal dependences of DIB strengths on other parameters, regional variations in DIB behavior, and individual sight lines where unusual environmental conditions affect the DIBs. Variations in DIB profiles (e.g., wings, substructure) and relative strengths may be related to differences in physical conditions inferred from atomic and/or molecular absorption lines.

Exoplanetary transit observations were carried out for the first time with all the three telescopes at the San Pedro Mártir National Astronomical Observatory in Baja California, Mexico.

We present preliminary results on WASP-39 and WASP-43, two Hot Jupiters known for the presence of a highly-inflated radius. Using the defocused photometry technique, we observed these systems, achieving photometric precision of ± 3–5mmag peak-to-valley. The preliminary fit of their lightcurves shows physical and orbital parameters consistent with published results.

κ1 Cet (HD 20630, HIP 15457, d = 9.16 pc, V = 4.84) is a dwarf star approximately 30 light-years away in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. Among the solar proxies studied in the Sun in Time, κ1 Cet stands out as potentially having a mass very close to solar and a young age. On this study, we monitored the magnetic field and the chromospheric activity from the Ca II H & K lines of κ1 Cet. We used the technique of Least-Square-Deconvolution (LSD, Donati et al. 1997) by simultaneously extracting the information contained in all 8,000 photospheric lines of the echelogram (for a linelist matching an atmospheric model of spectral type K1). To reconstruct a reliable magnetic map and characterize the surface differential rotation of κ1 Cet we used 14 exposures spread over 2 months, in order to cover at least two rotational cycles (Prot ~9.2 days). The Least Square deconvolution (LSD) technique was applied to detect the Zeeman signature of the magnetic field in each of our 14 observations and to measure its longitudinal component. In order to reconstruct the magnetic field geometry of κ1 Cet, we applied the Zeeman Doppler Imaging (ZDI) inversion method. ZDI revealed a structure in the radial magnetic field consisting of a polar magnetic spot. On this study, we present the fisrt look results of a high-resolution spectropolarimetric campaign to characterize the activity and the magnetic fields of this young solar proxy.

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) is a six-meter telescope in the Atacama Desert that observes simultaneously in frequency bands centered at 150, 220 and 270 GHz. ACT has surveyed an area of approximately 450 square degrees in the south (−55 deg) and approximately 500 square degrees along the equator. Most of the sources detected by ACT are blazars. I will present source counts and spectral indices as well as multi-wavelength properties determined by matching with external datasets. In addition to studying sources detected in the survey, we have used the ACT data to statistically study the millimeter properties of radio sources selected from low frequency (1.4 GHz) surveys.

With modern large scale spectroscopic surveys, such as the SDSS and LSS-GAC, Galactic astronomy has entered the era of millions of stellar spectra. Taking advantage of the huge spectroscopic database, we propose to use a “standard pair" technique to a) Estimate multi-band extinction towards sightlines of millions of stars; b) Detect and measure the diffuse interstellar bands in hundreds of thousands SDSS and LAMOST low-resolution spectra; c) Search for extremely faint emission line nebulae in the Galaxy; and d) Perform photometric calibration for wide field imaging surveys. In this contribution, we present some results of applying this technique to the SDSS data, and report preliminary results from the LAMOST data.

Supernovae constitute a critical source of energy input to the interstellar medium (ISM). In this short review, we focus on their latest phase of evolution, the supernova remnants (SNRs). We present observations of three old SNRs that have reached the phase where they interact with the ambient interstellar medium: W28, IC443, and 3C391. We show that such objects make up clean laboratories to constrain the physical and chemical processes at work in molecular shock environments. Our studies subsequently allow us to quantify the impact of SNRs on their environment in terms of mass, momentum, and energy dissipation. In turn, their contribution to the energy balance of galaxies can be assessed. Their potential to trigger a further generation of star formation can also be investigated. Finally, our studies provide strong support for the interpretation of γ-ray emission in SNRs, a crucial step to answer questions related to cosmic rays population and acceleration.

Radio continuum (cont) and radio recombination line (RRL) observations with the Yamaguchi 32-m radio telescope toward the lower part of the Galactic center lobe (GCL) in the Galactic center region are presented. While two ridges of the GCL were seen in both continuum and RRL images, the spatial coverage of the ridges of the continuum and RRL is not coincident. We distinguish the continuum emission of the GCL into thermal and non-thermal emission by assuming an electron temperature of the ionized gas of 4370 K, estimated based on the line width (14.1 km s−1). The thermal emission was found to be located inside and surrounded by the non-thermal emission.