Decades ago, the classical psychedelics psilocybin and LSD entered the therapeutic setting and already then showed their therapeutic potential in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. For thousands of years another psychedelic, ayahuasca, is being used by tribes in western Amazonia for healing and divination, and in recent years its use has expanded worldwide.

Research into the therapeutic potential of these substances has re-emerged and (preliminary) findings are promising, showing that after one or two administrations remission is reached in depressed patients that were labeled as treatment-resistant. This is a remarkable finding as the therapeutic effects of treatment with conventional pharmacological agents like SSRIs take longer to lead to remission, with one-third of the patients failing to reach this stage.

The fast onset of positive therapeutic effects by psychedelics increases the interest to discover the mechanism of action behind this. There is a debate about the importance of the psychological experience caused by these agents in the therapeutic outcome, while science also tries to understand the neurobiological correlates. The latter will be addressed in my talk and I will link it to psychedelics’ therapeutic effects.

None Declared

One of the major challenges in clinical psychiatry remains the absence of well established objective measures of symptoms’ severity. Clinical insights are mainly provided through keen behavioral observation and subjective questionnaires and scales.

The aim of this paper is to predict depression severity through speech using the features extracted from the speech as provided by participants during a semi-structured dialogue with a virtual avatar.

We use data from a subset of the DAICWOZ dataset consisting in 142 dialogues between participants and a virtual avatar during which the avatar uses several prompts to maintain a conversation with the participant. The avatar uses prompts involving the topics of travel, dream jobs, and memorable experiences. From the speech generated from the dialogue, we extract participant utterances separated by prompt and extract features from the three sets of transcripts. We extract content features from the transcript and acoustic features from the excerpt corresponding to the speech from the participant for the prompt in question.We perform regression experiments on the PHQ8 items using the features extracted from each set of transcripts. Furthermore, we combine the features extracted from each set of transcripts and compute partial spearman correlations between them and the PHQ8 items using gender as a covariate.

With our best regression model we obtain an R2 of 0.1, explaining 10% of the variance in the PHQ total score. Additionally, we obtain a mean absolute error of 1.25, suggesting that the regressor can detect with more or less precision clinically meaningful differences in depression severity between participants. Partial correlations between the total score and the features show significant correlations between features dependent on the amount of speech generated by each participant, along with the complexity of syntactic structures used.

Automatic analysis of spontaneous speech could help with the detection and monitoring of signs of depression. By combining the use of this technology with timely intervention strategies for instance provided by a virtual agent it could contribute to timely prevention.

A. König: None Declared, M. Mina Employee of: ki:elements GmbH, S. Schäfer Employee of: ki:elements GmbH, N. Linz Shareolder of: ki:elements GmbH, Employee of: ki:elements GmbH, J. Tröger Shareolder of: ki:elements GmbH, Employee of: ki:elements GmbH

Accelerated biological ageing might contribute to the higher prevalence of age-related diseases and excess mortality amongst individuals with mental disorders. Recent advances in machine learning and the collection of high-dimensional molecular “omics” data allow for the quantification of biological age.

The aim of this study was to use machine learning methods to predict biological age from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolomics data and to identify psychiatric traits associated with accelerated biological ageing.

The UK Biobank is a multicentre community-based observational study that recruited >500,000 middle-aged and older adults. 168 metabolomic measures were quantified using the Nightingale Health platform. Phase 1 release of these data included a random subset of 118,462 UK Biobank participants. Metabolomic age delta (MetaboAgeΔ) was defined as the difference between predicted biological age and observed chronological age. We estimated group differences in MetaboAgeΔ between individuals with and without mental disorders and examined whether polygenic scores for mental disorders predicted MetaboAgeΔ.

Up to 110,780 participants with complete data on all metabolomic measures were included in the analysis. Individuals with a history of mental disorders had higher MetaboAgeΔ values than people without a mental illness. For example, MetaboAgeΔ suggested that the difference between predicted biological age and observed chronological age was about two-years greater amongst individuals with bipolar disorder than amongst people without mental illness. Polygenic scores for mental disorders were positively correlated with MetaboAgeΔ.

These findings suggest that individuals with a history of mental disorders or with higher polygenic scores for mental disorders were biologically older than their chronological age.

None Declared

Negative thoughts towards mental illness are a global problem for health care professionals. Mainly it leads to late help seeking which aggravates the prognosis of the problem, denial of this situation, refusing long term medication etc.…

We aim to identify the determinants leading to negative attitudes towards psychiatric problems among medical students.

This is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted at the Faculty of Medicine of Sfax through an anonymous questionnaire via google Forms. The degree of stigmatization was evaluated by the score « The Attribution Questionnaires AQ-27 ».

One hundred and seven students completed the questionnaires. The Sex-ratio was 0.30 (M/F). The percentage of first- and second-year students was 24.42%, third to 6th year students was 34.57% and residents was 41.01%. Students with a personal history of psychiatric disorders presented 45.8% of our population and those with a family history of mental health problems 40.2%. Medical students who studied psychiatry as a discipline and students who had internship in the psychiatry department (third to 6th year students and residents) had lower scores of the Attribution Questionnaires AQ-27 (p=0,003 and p=0,002 respectively). Sixty per cent of the students reported that spreading listening cells when needed, media coverage of mental illness and campaigns of awareness can help us reduce mental disease’s related stigma.

To conclude, in order to lower rates of stigmatization of mentally sick people, spreading awareness among medical students can be an important tool in order to understand this situation and to provide a better health care.

None Declared

Eating disorders (ED) are complex entities of multicausal etiology that mainly affect adolescents and young women. For this reason, EDs frequently cause medical and psychological complications that can cause potentially irreversible developmental sequelae during adolescence.

96% of Spanish youth (15-29 years old) use daily Internet. In addition, 83% use Social Networks. Internet could be a good way to spread information through social media, websites, providing material and means to achieve the body culture purpose.

As we have seen in various papers, social media can influence and trigger the development of EDs.

The objetives of the study are to analyse the preferred social network by adolescents diagnosed with eating disorders, as well as to measure characteristic and time-use of these networks.

We decided to undergo a transversal study to analyse the use of social media. For that, we developed a survey to reflect the use of the main social networks (Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, Twitter, YouTube and Reddit) in adolescents diagnosed with eating disorders in Spain, who are in outpatient treatment in a specialised ED unit.

The total number of adolescents interviewed was 65; of these 96.9% were females and 3.1% males. The mean age was 14.8 years.

The preferred social network was Instagram (54%), followed by TikTok (34%) and YouTube (6%).

Most of the patients interviewed (68%) admitted checking Instagram daily, and 31% reflected spending between 1-3 hours/day. None of the adolescents reported using Facebook or Reddit.

The majority of adolescents (89%) admitted having ignored friend requests while 12% reflected the importance of having a high number of followers as a way of external validation, getting more ‘likes’ and getting to know more people.

The obtained results reinforce the need of exploring and taking into account the use of Social Media in adolescents with ED and how it may influence their pathology. There is a need for further prospective research in this field.

None Declared

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted mental healthcare delivery in many countries. The restricted access to psychiatric services and double disasters (pandemic and earthquakes) coincided in Croatia, potentially placing people with severe mental illness (SMI) in a very vulnerable position.

The aim of this study was to examine the changes in substance use in people with SMI in the first and the second COVID-19 wave and co-occurring earthquakes. The secondary aim was to explore whether the type of treatment (community mental health teams (CMHT) vs. treatment as usual) influenced those changes.

This study was nested within the RECOVER-E project (LaRge-scalE implementation of COmmunity based mental health care for people with seVere and Enduring mental ill health in EuRopE, Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, grant agreement No 779362). The study involved 90 participants with SMI assessed at two time points: in May/June 2020 (during the first COVID-19 wave and after Zagreb earthquake) and in December 2020/January 2021 (during the second COVID-19 wave and after Petrinja earthquake). The changes in the use of psychoactive substances (alcohol, cannabis, other drugs, sedatives) were assessed using self-reported survey.

The increase in tobacco smoking behavior and the use of sedatives was observed in both COVID-19 waves in people with SMI. No increase was reported in cannabis and other drugs use, while less than 5% of participants reported increase in alcohol consumption. Not receiving CMHT service predicted the increase in sedative use.

Ensuring accessible mental health care provided by CMHT is recommended for counteracting the negative effect of external stressors (such as pandemic and co-occurring earthquakes) on the increased substance use among people with SMI.

S. Levaj Grant / Research support from: Project RECOVER-E - European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; Grant Agreement No 779362., S. Medved Grant / Research support from: Project RECOVER-E - European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; Grant Agreement No 779362., J. Gerlach: None Declared, L. Shields-Zeeman Grant / Research support from: Project RECOVER-E - European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; Grant Agreement No 779362., F. Bolinski Grant / Research support from: Project RECOVER-E - European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; Grant Agreement No 779362., Z. Bradaš Grant / Research support from: Project RECOVER-E - European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; Grant Agreement No 779362., Z. Madžarac Grant / Research support from: Project RECOVER-E - European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; Grant Agreement No 779362., I. Rojnić Palavra: None Declared, M. Rojnić Kuzman Grant / Research support from: Project RECOVER-E - European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; Grant Agreement No 779362.

Mother-child relationship has a major role in a child’s cognitive, emotional and behavior shaping. Unfortunately, in the context of domestic violence, this relationship can be negatively impacted becoming strained or distant.

To assess the quality of Mother-Child Relationship in the context of domestic violence or intimate partner violence. And to investigate the factors influencing negatively the Mother-Child Relationship.

This is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, conducted among abused women and their children, recruited from associations combatting violence against women, from Moulay abdellah hospital of Salé, and from consultation at the university psychiatric hospital Arrazi of Salé, through a hetero-questionnaire that includes socio-demographic characteristics and scales measuring the quality of mother-child relationship (IPA, CAM) and psychological distress of the mother and the child (EMMDP).

From the results observed in women and children recruited in our study, we retain that various elements are impacting the mother-child relationship, such as psychological maternal functioning, child’s behavior functioning, parenting qualities, insecurity of child’s attachment, unhealthy internalized representations…

A better understanding of the factors influencing mother-child relationship, can allow us to offer more tailored supports and could enable interventions promoting recovery and women’s and children’s well-being in the context of domestic violence.

None Declared

Every year at least one million people die by suicide, with major depressive disorder (MDD) being one of the major causes of suicide deaths. Current suicide risk assessments rely on subjective information, are time consuming, low predictive, and poorly reliable. Thus, finding objective biomarkers of suicidality is crucial to move clinical practice towards a precision psychiatry framework, enhancing suicide risk detection and prevention for MDD.

The present study aimed at applying machine learning (ML) algorithms on both grey matter and white-matter voxel-wise data to discriminate MDD suicide attempters (SA) from non-attempters (nSA).

91 currently depressed MDD patients (24 SA, 67 nSA) underwent a structural MRI session. T1-weighted images and diffusion tensor imaging scans were respectively pre-processed using Computational Atlas Toolbox 12 (CAT12) and spatial tract-based statistics (TBSS) on FSL, to obtain both voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and fractional anisotropy (FA) measures. Three classification models were built, entering whole-brain VBM and FA maps alone into a Support Vector Machine (SVM) and combining both modalities into a Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) algorithm. All models were trained through a 5-fold nested cross-validation with subsampling to calculate reliable estimates of balanced accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and area under the receiver operator curve (AUC).

Models’ performances are summarized in Table 1.Table 1.

Models’ performances.

Overall, although overcoming the random classification accuracy (i.e., 50%), performances of all models classifying SA and nSA MDD patients were moderate, possibly due to the imbalanced numerosity of classes, with SVM on FA reaching the highest accuracy. Thus, future studies may enlarge the sample and add different features (e.g., functional neuroimaging data) to develop an objective and reliable predictive model to assess and hence prevent suicide risk among MDD patients.

None Declared

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia Autism Severity Scale (PAUSS) scale can be derived from the Positive and Negative Schizophrenia Syndrome Scale, enabling an assessment of psychotic and autistic dimensions with a single tool.

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of autistic traits and the diagnostic, developmental, clinical, and functional correlates of this phenotype in a sample of early-onset psychosis (onset before age 18 years; EOP).

Prospective observational 2 year- follow-up study in a sample of young people with a first-episode of EOP. Demographic, perinatal, developmental, cognitive, clinical, and functional data were collected. PAUSS total scores and socio-communication and repetitive behaviors subscores were calculated. We used the proposed cut-off points for adult populations to define prevalence of autistic traits (PAUSS≥30). Subgroups of patients with and without autistic traits were identified based on the total PAUSS terciles. We used the Cronbach’s alpha test to assess the PAUSS internal consistency. Linear mixed models were performed to compare changes in PAUSS during follow-up between diagnostic subgroups [i.e., non-affective psychosis (including schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder), affective psychosis (including bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder and major depressive disorder with psychotic features), and other psychosis (including brief psychotic disorder and psychosis not otherwise specified)]. Developmental, clinical, and functional variables were compared between subgroups with and without autistic traits with logistic regression analysis.

248 patients with PIT were included (age 15.69 ± 1.86 years, 38.65% female). The prevalence of autistic traits in EOP was 7.04%, with significantly higher prevalence in the group of patients with non-affective psychosis (15.20%) than in other diagnostic groups. PAUSS scores significantly decreased over time, with no significant differences in the trajectories of the total PAUSS and its subscores among the three diagnostic subgroups during the 2-year follow-up. The PAUSS showed good internal consistency at all visits (Cronbach’s alpha > 0,88). Patients with autistic traits presented longer duration of untreated psychosis, longer duration of the first inpatient admission, poorer social adjustment in childhood, poorer functionality, greater clinical severity, and poorer response to treatment during follow-up than patients without autistic traits.

The PAUSS is an easy-to-apply tool that can be useful to differentiate psychosis subgroups with worse prognosis.

J. Suárez Campayo: None Declared, L. Pina-Camacho: None Declared, J. Merchán-Naranjo: None Declared, C. Ordas: None Declared, V. Cavone: None Declared, R. Panadero: None Declared, G. Sugranyes: None Declared, I. Baeza: None Declared, J. Castro-Fornieles: None Declared, E. de la Serna: None Declared, C. Arango Consultant of: Acadia, Angelini, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Minerva, Otsuka, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion and Takeda, C. Diaz Caneja Grant / Research support from: Exeltis and Angelini

There are currently no diagnostic or treatment-guiding biomarkers for major depressive disorder (MDD). Microribonucleic acids (miRNA) may facilitate understanding the reorganisation of gene expression networks in MDD. Identifying miRNA and target mRNA pathways that contribute to MDD may open new therapeutic avenues, such as inhibiting endogenous miRNA or administering exogenous miRNA.

This study investigates how miRNAs can clarify the molecular mechanisms of MDD by comparing the miRNA levels in the blood serum of patients with MDD and healthy individuals. The study also investigates the discriminative ability of miRNAs to distinguish between depressed patients and healthy controls.

Sixty depressed patients were matched with 60 healthy controls based on age, gender, ethnicity, and years of education. The severity of depression was measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and venous blood was collected for miRNA profiling. Using the QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, networks were constructed to identify the biological pathways associated with MDD influenced by the differentially expressed miRNAs. Analyses of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were performed to examine the capacity of miRNAs to distinguish between depressed and healthy individuals.

Six miRNAs (miR-542-3p, miR-181b-3p, miR190a-5p, miR-33a-3p, miR-3690, and miR-6895-3p) were significantly down-regulated in untreated depressed patients compared to healthy controls. miR-542-3p has experimentally validated mRNA targets predicted to be associated with MDD. ROC analyses determined that a panel containing miR-542-3p, miR181b-3p, and miR-3690 distinguished between depressed and healthy individuals with an area under the curve value of 0.67.

Specific miRNAs, including miR-542-3p, miR181b-3p, and miR-3690, may be biomarkers with targets implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. They could also be used to distinguish accurately between depressed and healthy individuals.

None Declared

The First Episode Psychosis (FEP) Inpatient Unit is specialized in early assessment/intervention in patients with Psychotic Disorders. Duration of Untreated Psychosis/DUP has a key role in the prognosis of those patients. Longer DUP is associated with poorer treatment response and greater risk of relapse. Some studies also suggest an association between DUP and the severity of negative symptoms, but further research is needed.

The objectives of this study were to analyze the relationship between DUP and psychotic symptoms, duration of admission, medication, and quality of life, after inpatient intervention.

This is a retrospective study of a cohort (N=25) admitted to the unit. Sociodemographic and clinical variables (number of days of hospitalization, DUP, and Defined Daily Dose/DDD of antipsychotics) were evaluated. Psychometric instruments (PANSS/Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and WHOQOL-BREF/World Health Organization Quality Of Life) were applied at admission and at discharge. We used a Spearman correlation test to measure the degree of association between the variables.

Longer DUP correlated with more days of hospitalization, higher negative PANSS scores, and poorer social relationships domain of the WHOQOL at admission (p<0.05). At discharge, DUP presented positive and significant correlations with all subscales of the PANSS (positive, negative, and general; p<0.05) and DDD (p<0.01).

Our results are in line with the current literature on DUP, showing it leads to a worse prognosis, with a more severe clinical course, with the need for extended hospitalizations, a worsening of social relationships, and a higher dosage of medication.

Thus, DUP may be a potentially modifiable prognostic factor. It is possible that FEP patients with negative symptoms dominance may have a more insidious onset and, therefore, the search for treatment may be delayed. Conversely, if there is a mechanism by which DUP influences the symptom profile, its knowledge may lead to a better understanding of psychosis and improved treatment options.

Importantly, DUP showed stronger correlations with the severity of the clinical picture at discharge than at admission, suggesting that longer untreated psychosis may also predict poorer treatment response.

None Declared

Behavioral addictions, also known as non-substance or non-drug addictions, refer to a range of compulsive behaviors that individuals engage in despite the negative consequences that result from these behaviors. Research on behavioral addiction in women has shown that women are at a higher risk for certain types of behavioral addictions, such as shopping addiction and internet addiction, compared to men. Studies suggest that women may be more susceptible to these types of addictions because of social and cultural factors, such as societal expectations of women to be nurturing and caregiving, which may lead them to use these behaviors as a form of coping mechanism. There is also evidence that women are more likely to experience shame and guilt as a result of their addiction, which can make it more difficult for them to seek help and support. Gambling among women has traditionally been less common than among men however, this trend is changing. Survey have shown that the number of women who gamble is on the rise, and that they are becoming increasingly diverse in terms of age, income, social background. Research studies have found that the rate of problem gambling among women is lower than men, but that women tend to develop gambling problems more quickly than men. This is thought to be due to a number of factors, including women’s greater vulnerability to stress and depression, as well as the fact that women are more likely to have a history of trauma or abuse. Overall, research on behavioral addictions among women is still a relatively new field, and there is a need for more studies to be conducted in order to better understand the unique factors that contribute to the development of these types of addictions in women.

None Declared

Around 2010, the number of hikikomori cases increased rapidly. Hikikomori is a global problem that characterizes the current era, and has become an increasingly deep-rooted social issue that affects the younger generation, especially during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In our previous comparative study of adolescent hikikomori between Japan and France (Hamasaki et al. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22, 477), we investigated its psychopathology, including potential cultural influencing factors. The study showed no difference in terms of psycho-behavioral characteristics of hikikomori between Japan and France. However, the sociocultural factors that make hikikomori more severe differed between the two countries, i.e., in Japan: lack of communication between parents, in France: lack of communication between the family and the community.

Since these differences in sociocultural factors are closely related to the social context in which the mothers were placed, the factors in terms of maternal gender issues were examined, along with reviewing previous studies.

Statistical data from the “Global Gender Gap Report 2022” of the World Economic Forum, the “Towards real gender equality 2021” of the Ministry of Gender Equality, Diversity, and Equal Opportunities of France, the “Women and Men in Japan 2020” of the Gender Equality Bureau, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, and other sources were evaluated. Further, previous literature on the family environmental factors of hikikomori were reviewed.

An absent father, a subsequent mother-child closeness and over-interference, and the inhibition of children’s independence, have been repeatedly mentioned in studies as factors leading to hikikomori. The time spent on housework and childcare by Japanese men is at the lowest level globally (Japan’s gender gap index ranks 116th out of 146 countries, the lowest among the seven major G7 nations). In Japan, where generally little cooperation exists between parents, particularly in those families where communication between parents is self-rated as relatively poor, the above factors may surpass the threshold for triggering hikikomori. In France (ranked 15th in gender gap index), the isolation of mothers and children from society is an important factor associated with hikikomori. Adequate social participation of the mother may be a protective factor against hikikomori.

Gender gap-related issues among mothers may be involved in the root of the hikikomori problem. Hikikomori has emerged from various socio-familial factors. Further studies are warranted to determine the causal relationships of these factors with the onset and severity of hikikomori.

None Declared

Bladder cancer, which is primarily a non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), is prevalent worldwide and its incidence is increasing. NMIBC shows a high recurrence rate of 50-70%, and in 25% of cases, progresses to muscle-invasive disease (Saginala K et al. Med Sci 2020; 15) (Fernandez-Gomez, J et al. J Urol 2009; 182(5) 2195-2203). Frequent recurrence and consecutive medical interventions in patients with NMIBC lead to psychological problems such as anxiety, fear of recurrence, depression, and stress, resulting in reduced quality of life (Chung et al. Support Care Cancer 2019; 27(10), 3877-3885). It is expected that the increased accessibility and convenience of mobile health (mHealth) will be effective in providing a mobile-based psychological intervention program to promote the mental health of patients with NMIBC.

This study aims to develop a mobile-based mental health improvement program for NMIBC patients, design a protocol for evaluating feasibility, and provide preliminary evidence of the efficacy of the developed program.

The program content was developed based on the results of a needs assessment conducted among patients with NMIBC through a cross-sectional study. The draft program was prepared by referring to the guidelines of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and publications of the International Continence Society. Based on the developed draft, two professors of nursing, a professor of counseling psychology, a registered nurse, and a counseling practitioner verified the validity of the content before finalizing the program. The final version of the developed program consisted of one session on NMIBC knowledge and symptom management and five sessions on mental health improvement. Researchers sent an online link to the YouTube video comprising lecture materials and voice recordings of health professionals weekly using a mobile messenger (Kakao Talk) (Image 1). The topics of each session were as follows: Session 1 (Understanding of bladder cancer and treatment), Session 2 (Understanding and respecting myself), Session 3 (Maintaining reasonable thoughts and positive emotions), Session 4 (Benefits of positive emotions and healthy communication), Session 5 (Living in a healthy way through stress management), and Session 6 (Finding happiness and meanings in daily life).

The protocol for evaluating the feasibility of the developed program is outlined in Image 2.

Image:

Image 2:

The feasibility of the mental health improvement program for patients with NMIBC based on mobile messenger (KakaoTalk) will be evaluated through the developed protocol. Moreover, by introducing a program that reflects the feasibility of test results into practice, the results of this study can contribute to improving the quality of life of patients with NMIBC.

None Declared

Borderline personality disorder (BPD), also known as emotionally unstable personality disorder is a severe disorder of emotional regulation. In people with BPD, mood swings are extreme, relationships are uncertain, and emotions are difficult to control, suicide and self-destructive behaviors are extremely common. medical treatment can certainly reduce the symptoms and suffering of people with BPD, but it is still not enough. The treatment is mainly based on psychotherapy especially Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) focuses on the concept of mindfulness, or paying attention to the present emotion.

To assess the current level of evidence for mindfulness in BPD.

a systematic review was performed using the database PubMed / Medline, using the following keywords: “MCBT”; “DBT”; “Mindfulness Therapy”;” BPD”; “Borderline personality”.

Research shows that the mindfulness therapy approach teaches skills for controlling intense emotions and reducing self-destructive behaviors. Decentering appears to play a crucial role in the treatment as a primary mechanism of action in this therapy.

results suggest that the Mindfulness therapy is a main component for BPD treatment.

None Declared

Mental health disorders are among the most burdensome health concerns in the world; it affects more than 970 million people in 2019. These disorders deteriorate all aspects of life, especially the professional field, impacting mainly physical capability, daily functioning, and productivity among the working-age population.

To study the socio-professional and medical characteristics of workers with psychiatric disorders and to assess the repercussions of these pathologies on work ability.

A descriptive and retrospective study included all the medical files of workers with psychiatric disorders who were referred to the occupational medicine department at Charles Nicolle Hospital for a medical opinion of fitness for work during the period from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020.

The average age of the 224 cases collected was 41.74± [25-60 years] with a sex ratio of 0.67. The average professional seniority was 13.4 years±8.27 years. The most common occupational sectors were health (38.1%) and communication (20.2%). The patients were mainly suffering from either an anxiety-depressive disorder (36.6%) or psychosis (11.6%). These included 21 cases of bipolar disorder, 21 cases of schizophrenia, two cases of chronic hallucinatory psychosis and 3 cases of delusional psychosis. Forty-three patients were fit to continue working, 133 patients were fit with restrictions and twenty-six were unfitted to work.

A professional reclassification was recommended for 37 patients in positions with a lower mental load. One employee suffering from advanced schizophrenia was offered early retirement on grounds of disability. Permanent unfitness was pronounced in 11.6% of cases.

The impact of mental disorders on cognitive abilities can be so significant as to result in temporary or permanent unfitness for work. However, the decision of medical fitness for work for the same psychiatric pathology may vary from one individual to another and from one workstation to another.

None Declared

The sudden and large-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused significant stress not only in Ukrainians but also in citizens of countries which have received the largest numbers of refugees.

The aim of the current study was to identify stress, resilience, and self-efficacy levels, as well as to examine the relationships between these variables, in a sample of women from Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, and Romania during the third month of Russian aggression on Ukraine.

The study involved measuring a sample of Ukrainian (N = 82), Polish (N = 102), Slovak (N = 79), and Romanian (N = 42) women using the Perception of Stress Questionnaire, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale in May 2022.

The results showed that during the third month of Russian aggression on Ukraine, stress levels and its components (emotional tension, external stress, and intrapsychic stress) were the highest among Ukrainian women and the lowest among Polish women. The sense of self-efficacy was the lowest among Ukrainian women and highest among Polish women, while resilience was the lowest among Ukrainian women and the highest among Slovak women.

Women from Ukraine reported being in the worst mental state compared to the rest of the sample. Moreover, a path analysis of the measured variables points to a multifaceted relationship between stress, resilience, and self-efficacy among women from Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, and Romania during the third month of the Russian invasion.

None Declared

Psychotic experiences (PE) are strongly associated with non-suicidal self-harm (NSA). NSA are present throughout life, but are more frequent during adolescence and young adulthood. Early psychotic episodes (PEP) are a particularly vulnerable group compared to later phases of psychosis psychosis.

Analyze risk factors for suicide attempts and NSA, in order to improve early detection and prevention of suicides in adolescents and young adults with PD

Review in the literature of the different risk factors associated with parasuicidal behaviors in early psychosis

• • Presence of positive psychotic symptoms: auditory hallucinations, Delusional ideation.

• • Social isolation

• • Longer duration of untreated psychosis.

• • Comorbid symptoms: irritability, depression, anxiety, psychotic distress, insomnia.

• • Traumatic events in childhood

• • Difficulty in regulating emotional, impulsivity and sensitivity to reward.

• • Consumption of substances.

• • Psychosocial stress.

We consider essential the inclusion of early intervention programs aimed at the prevention of suicide and NSA, evaluating all risk factors for suicide and NSA among individuals with a PEP and high-risk mental states.

Initial assessment and ongoing assessments of suicide risk and parasuicidal behaviors, positive psychotic symptoms, depression, and the other related risk factors mentioned are required. Integrating trauma management into PEP care is critical.

Bibliography:

1.- Honings S, et al. Psychotic experiences and risk of self-injurious behaviour in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2016;46(02):237–51. doi: 10.1017/S0033291715001841

2.- Honings S, et al. Psychotic experiences and incident suicidal ideation and behaviour: Disentangling the longitudinal associations from connected psychopathology. Psychiatry Res. 2016;245:267–75. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.002

3.- Nishida A, et al. Risk for suicidal problems in poor-help-seeking adolescents with psychotic-like experiences: Findings from a cross-sectional survey of 16,131 adolescents. Schizphr Res. 2014;159(2–3):257–62. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.030 39.

None Declared

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is one of the most significant public health problems in Europe, being highly associated with several medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Sleep disturbances are in this interface and may include insomnia, alterations of sleep architecture and circadian rhythm abnormalities, breathing-related sleep disorders, and sleep-related movement disorders. Also, considering the three stages of the addiction cycle (binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation) and since these domains are reflected in key regions of the brain, it is possible to map these nearly ubiquitous sleep disturbances.

This review aims to summarize the current literature related to the association between sleep disorders and AUD, with a focus on its clinical aspects and neurobiology.

Non-systematic research was made recurring to the PubMed database, with the keywords “alcohol use disorder”, “sleep”, “sleep disorder”. The most relevant articles were selected, focusing on articles published in the last decade.

In patients with AUD, the prevalence of insomnia ranges from 36-91%. A possible mechanism underlies in a mismatch involving maintained activity in wake-promoting structures during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and a blunted homeostatic drive. On the other hand, alcohol consumption also affects the normal sleep-wake cycle, due to a disruption in the underlying circadian rhythms, a mechanism compassed by the suprachiasmatic nucleus and by photic and non-photic cues. Considering this, it seems highly likely that insomnia and circadian abnormalities may coexist in some individuals. Moreover, AUD is implicated in initiation or worsening of breathing-related events in sleep, especially when having a history of snoring or sleep apnoea syndrome and in period limb movement disorder.

Simultaneously, sleep disorders in AUD can be incorporated into the three-stage addiction cycle. In the binge/intoxication stage, excessive alcohol intake leads to a faster sleep onset but poor sleep quality, explained by the effects on GABAergic systems. During the withdrawal/negative affect stage, there is a decrease in slow-wave sleep and limited rapid eye movement (REM) sleep recovery, which can be explained by the alcohol-positive allosteric modulation of GABAA receptor and other mechanisms. Lastly, during the preoccupation/anticipation stage, the glutamatergic system dysregulation contributes to persistent sleep disturbances, including insomnia, decrease in slow-wave sleep, and an increase in REM sleep.

The knowledge of sleep disturbances associated with AUD has grown and has suggested a bidirectional process that appears to play an essential role in the addiction process. Further studies investigating this association are warranted.

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Growing evidence supports a possible link between gut microbiota and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) via the gut-brain axis. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the major metabolites produced by gut microbiota through anaerobic fermentation, may influence gut-brain communication.

To determine the alterations of gut microbiota and fecal SCFAs in children diagnosed with ADHD compared to healthy subjects.

Fecal samples were collected from children with ADHD (n=10), and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n=10) for gut microbiota and SCFAs analysis.

There were no significant differences in the abundance of any bacterial phyla in feces between groups. However, fecal concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were significantly lower in children with ADHD compared to those of controls (Figure1). Interestingly, acetic acid and propionic acid levels were negatively correlated with ADHD symptoms (Table 1). Macronutrient and fiber intake, determined from food frequency questionnaires, did not differ between groups.Table 1.The regression analyses predicting ADHD symptoms scores from fecal short-chain fatty acids level.

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Our findings suggested that gut dysbiosis was possibly developed in children with ADHD, as indicated by a significant decrease in fecal SCFAs. In fact, fecal acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid may potentially be the early detector for ADHD. In addition, fecal acetic acid and propionic acid could be potential biomarkers for the severity of ADHD.

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