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Most cited

This page lists all time most cited articles for this title. Please use the publication date filters on the left if you would like to restrict this list to recently published content, for example to articles published in the last three years. The number of times each article was cited is displayed to the right of its title and can be clicked to access a list of all titles this article has been cited by.

Contents

Page 155 of 449

  • Cited by 3

  • New treatments for panic

  • JC Ballenger
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 April 2020, pp. 75s-81s

  • Panic disorder is a chronic condition for many patients and can be socially, emotionally and occupationally disabling. Until recently, clomipramine and alprazolam were the only drugs approved for its treatment. While widely used in the US and Europe, both belong to drug classes (tricyclics and benzodiazepines) with well-recognised side effects that can be problematic and thus limit their use. Recently, paroxetine became the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to receive approval and licensing for panic disorder.

    The short- and long-term efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in panic disorder has been established in clinical trials of almost 1,000 patients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-IIIR criteria for panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia. In a 12-week double-blind study of 120 panic patients receiving standardised cognitive therapy, paroxetine was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing panic attack frequency. In a 12-week placebo-controlled comparison in 367 panic patients, paroxetine was at least as effective as clomipramine and better tolerated. There was also some evidence that paroxetine had an earlier onset of action than clomipramine.

    A 9-month extension of the placebo-controlled comparison with clomipramine showed that the efficacy of paroxetine and clomipramine is maintained when treatment is continued into the longer term. In a relapse prevention study, 105 responders to 3 months' treatment with paroxetine or placebo were re-randomised, either to continue existing treatment or to receive placebo for 3 months. Only 5% of patients who continued to take paroxetine experienced a relapse compared with 30% of those who switched to placebo (P = 0.002). Paroxetine was generally well tolerated. In the short-term trials, the frequency of withdrawals due to adverse events (7.3%) was lower than that for placebo (11.4%) or clomipramine (14.9%). In the longer term, the dropout rate due to adverse events increased in the clomipramine group (19.0%) but was unchanged in the paroxetine group (7.4%). Since most patients with panic disorder will require prolonged treatment, the long-term tolerability of paroxetine and its lack of potential for dependence are important advantages that will encourage good compliance with treatment and improve the quality of life of patients.

  • Cited by 3

  • True Versus Treated Prevalence of Psychosis — the Prism Case Identification Study

  • G. Thornicroft, S. Johnson
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 April 2020, p. 185s
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  • Cited by 3

  • FC26-04 - Predicting of life satisfaction with respect to early maladaptive schemas among iranian college students

  • O. Alizadeh Sahraee, M. Yusefnejad, Z. Khosravi
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 April 2020, p. 1962
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  • Introduction

    Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are thought to act as templates for information processing that influence individuals’ emotional reactions to life satisfaction.

    Objectives

    Thus,the main purpose of the present study was to predict Life Satisfaction with respect to early maladaptive schemas among Iranian college students.

    Method

    The research population consisted of 1700 students. Three hundred undergraduate students (150 female and 150 male) selected by multiple cluster sampling method. Short questionnaire form of early maladaptive schema (YSQ-SF) and life satisfaction questionnaire were used in this study. For analyzing the data, Pearson correlation, Step wise regression and dependent t were used.

    Results

    Results of correlation showed negative significant correlation between life satisfaction and early maladaptive schemas including emotional Depravation, Social isolation, Defectiveness/sham, failure, Dependence/incompetence

    Vulnerability To harm illness, Subjugation, Self-sacrifice, Emotional inhibition, Unrelenting Standards /hyper criticalness and Insufficient Self-Control / Self-Discipline. Only three subscales Including Abandonment/ Instability, entitlement/ grandiosity, enmeshment/ undeveloped self, showed no significant correlation with life satisfaction. Result of regression analysis revealed that among 15 schemas, emotional Depravation, Defectiveness/sham and Dependence/incompetence schemas were best predictor of life satisfaction. In addition, the results indicated a significant difference between two groups of male and female students in subdivisions such as mistrust/abuse, failure, vulnerability to harm or illness, and unrelenting standards/hypocriticalness.

    Conclusions

    The findings of this study show that the assessment of EMS based on Young’s conceptualization of EMS can increase our understanding about students problems and interventions should be focused on changing these schemas.

  • Cited by 3
  • Cited by 3

  • An objective diagnostic decision support for schizophrenia

  • S. Nielzen
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 April 2020, p. S86
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  • Background and aims

    This method rests on a 50 year long tradition of Psychophysiological experiments at the Dept of Psychiatry in Lund, Sweden. Our branch has focused on Psychoacoustics since 1983, and found significant aberrant functioning of auditory perceptual mechanisms in schizophrenia. Some of these are possible to assess by ABR (auditory brain-stem responses). The assessments may be used to support the diagnostic decision process by demonstrating a biological dysfunction typical for the disease.

    Method

    ABR measurements of twenty-three paranoid schizophrenics and matched controls for age and sex were compared. Eleven patented complex auditory stimuli, which schizophrenics earlier have been shown to perceive incorrectly, were presented. The ABR-measuring technique has been specifically adapted for the purpose.

    Results

    When subjects were presented with a standard complex stimulus and a high-pass filtered one, schizophrenics showed statistically significant aberrances for wave V of the latter in the ABR, corresponding to the activity of colliculus inferior of the brain-stem. Furthermore, there was a significant change of activity regarding the two sides of the brain-stem, indicating a change of perceptual (grouping) activity in them.

    Conclusions

    This finding is just one example within the SchizoDetect method, aimed at helping medical personnel to ascertain the diagnosis of schizophrenia. It shows that different complex sound stimuli are treated in specific ways by schizophrenic patients. Together with the results from the ten remaining stimuli and further details of the ABR-curves, a diagnostic validity well over 90% has been achieved up till now.

  • Cited by 3

  • O-16 - DSM-IV Ptsd Symptoms, Socio-demographic Characteristics and Lifetime Traumas Among Adults Exposed to 2004 Tsunami Disaster in Malaysia

  • S.R. Ghazali, K. Yaman, M. Ahmad
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 April 2020, p. 1
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  • Introduction

    Studies of PTSD among Malaysians are virtually unavailable. Three years after the 2004 tsunami, PTSD symptoms among Malays directly exposed to this disaster were examined.

    Aims

    To examine the potential predictive factors of PTSD symptoms.

    Objectives

    To determine PTSD prevalence, severity, and number of lifetime traumas. To examine if sociodemographic characteristics can be significant predictive factors of PTSD severity.

    Methods

    Cross-sectional survey was conducted interviewing 250 Malays from the most severely affected villages. Measurements include socio-demographic characteristics and number of lifetime traumas. The Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS)(Foa, 1996)was also included to measure DSM-IV PTSD symptoms.

    Results

    In total, 18.8% (47) of participants met DSM-IV PTSD criteria, with 14.8% having mild symptoms, 36.1% having moderate symptoms, 42.5% having moderate to severe symptoms, and 6.3% having severe symptoms. The highest reported symptom among all participants was criterion A: intense fear, helplessness and horror. Analysis of lifetime prevalence shows 4.4% never having traumatic experience, 48% having one exposure, 28.4% having two exposures, 12.8% having between 3–4 exposures, and 6.4% having more than 5 exposures to traumatic events in their lifetime. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was additionally conducted to determine the relationship between PTSD level of severity and its socio-demographic predictors.

    Conclusion

    The prevalence of PTSD remained high with many participants still exhibiting severe symptoms. Findings in this study highlight that an immediate community intervention program is urgently needed.

  • Cited by 3

  • Steroid induced rare bipolar mood disorder

  • PK Mazumdar, MA Najib, SL Varma
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 April 2020, pp. 264-265

  • A patient with multiple psychosomatic disorder developed a steroid induced rare bipolar mood disorder (both mania and depression). The “unmasking effect” of steroids and a positive family history of psychiatric disorder as a possible risk factor, hitherto undocumented, is suggested in steroid induced psychosis.

  • Cited by 3

  • Cognition in schizophrenia: Selective impairment and factors that influence it

  • N. Petrova, M. Dorofeikova
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 March 2020, p. S193
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  • Currently it is well known that schizophrenia is associated with cognitive impairment. Still there are many unresolved questions, such as whether cognitive deficit is total, what are the relationships of cognitive impairment with clinical features, demographic characteristics and different biomarkers, which could shed light on its pathogenesis. The aim of our study was to characterize cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and to find factors that may contribute to it. Sixty patients with paranoid schizophrenia were examined. BACS, Rey-Osterreith complex figure and correction task were used to assess cognitive functioning. Only 14.3% of patients had BACS score in the normal range. The vast majority of them showed impaired motor function, verbal and visual memory. Cognitive functioning did not worsen with time. Working memory impairment was influenced by genetic predisposition to schizophrenia and age of disease onset. Residual positive symptoms led to a decrease in the speed of skill development. Symptoms of anxiety and depression contributed to the impairment of accuracy. Hypomania was associated with impaired planning. Planning and problem-solving behavior did not correlate with other cognitive functions, which makes them isolated domains. Higher levels of NSE had been found in patients with more severe memory impairment. S100B level was associated with safer constructive abilities. In general, cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, although present in the majority of patients, varies a lot and appears selective and dependent on certain clinical features.

    The study was supported by RSCF 14-50-00069 grant.

    Disclosure of interest

    The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

  • Cited by 3

  • Clinical measures of rapid onset of action

  • SA Montgomery
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 April 2020, pp. 295s-300s

  • The benefits of an antidepressant with an early or rapid onset of action include a more rapid resolution of the debilitating symptoms of depression, a potential reduction in the risk of suicide and cost savings associated with a reduction in hospitalization. While these benefits are valuable, this promise has yet to be fulfilled by any antidepressant. Venlafaxine is a unique serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) which produces rapid and prolonged desensitization of β-adrenergic receptors in preclinical studies after both acute and chronic administration of venlafaxine. Results from placebo-controlled and active comparator clinical studies provide evidence that venlafaxine may have an early onset of activity which is most apparent at higher dosages. The early onset is most apparent with rapid escalation of the venlafaxine dosage, and the incidence, therefore, of side effects tends to be higher early after initiating therapy with venlafaxine. Thus, venlafaxine may fill the long awaited need for an antidepressant with an early onset of action.

  • Cited by 3

  • Les états délirants aigus : essai de caractérisation anamnestique, sociodémographique et symptomatique

  • S. Criquillion-Doublet, P. Boyer, S. Lancrenon, B. Samuel-Lajeunesse
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 April 2020, pp. 319-333

  • L’individualisation nosographique au sein des états délirants aigus des bouffées délirantes aiguës, des schizophrénies chroniques avec troubles thymiques, psychoses maniaco-dépressives bipolaires et des états schizophreniques aigus, est, depuis les travaux de Magnan, une particularité de la psychiatrie française ; elle n’a été étayée, jusqu’à présent, que par des appréciations anamnestiques, symptomatiques et évolutives subjectives.

    La revue de la littérature a mis en évidence la multiplicité des appellations diagnostiques et le polymorphisme des tableaux cliniques correspondant à ces états délirants aigus. Si la symptomatologie dans un premier temps a permis d’établir cette classification diagnostique, il semble actuellement que ce soit, pour beaucoup d’autres, l’étude de l’anamnèse et du mode évolutif de la maladie, qui pourrait permettre de fixer le diagnostic.

    Afin de caractériser ces éléments anamnestiques, socio-démographiques et symptomatiques, une étude statistique a été effectuée à partir d’une population de 471 patients hospitalisés à la Clinique des Maladies Mentales et de l’Encàphale entre 1979 et 1985 se ràpartissant, selon la classification INSERM, de la façon suivante :

    Groupe 1 : bouffées délirantes aiguës (BDA) : 53 sujets catégories 041, 042 et 049.

    Groupe 2 : schizophrénies avec troubles thymiques (Sch. T) : 109 sujets, états de dépression ou d’excitation atypiques, catégorie 024.

    Groupe 3 : psychoses maniaco-dépressives bipolaires (PMD) accès mélancolique et maniaque : 290 sujets, catégories 010, 011, 012, 019.

    Groupe 4 : schizophrénies aiguës ou états délirants aigus, probablement schizophréniques (Sch. A), catégorie 040, 19 sujets.

    L’ensemble de cette population a été systématiquement évalué à partir de deux instruments d’évaluation quantifiée : l’échelle abrégée d’antécédents psychiatriques (BPHF/F69) et une échelle de psychopathologie générale (BPRS, forme à 18 items, Pichot P., Overall J. E. 1967). 3 types d’analyse ont été réalisés :

    • • une analyse descriptive, unidimensionnelle des caractéristiques socio-démographiques et des antécédents pathologiques de chacun des 4 groupes diagnostiques (BPHF).

    • • une analyse en composantes principales avant et après rotation varimax de la BPRS, permettant d’établir la structure factorielle de chacune des catégories diagnostiques et de les comparer entre elles.

    • • une analyse discriminante de la BPRS (analyses discriminante et canonique) destinée à mettre en évidence les items différenciant le mieux ces 4 groupes diagnostiques et à comparer le classement théorique des sujets sur chacune des fonctions discriminantes avec le classement réel initial.

    Les résultats

    Il ne semble pas exister de profil anamnestique et socio-démographique particulier dans les quatre catégories diagnostiques analysées (BDA, Sch. I , PMD, Sch. A) : en particulier, l’absence de facteurs déclenchants de type d’antécédents familiaux propres à l’un ou l’autre des groupes diagnostiques, de corrélation significative entre une pathologie donnée et le lien de parenté avec le ou les membres de la famille atteints d’une affection psychiatrique. Par contre, l’installation des troubles survient significativement plus tôt chez les Sch. T et Sch. A que chez les DBA et PMD ; seules les BDA et Sch. A ont des accès inférieurs à 6 mois, et des hospitalisations antérieures deux fois moins nombreuses (tableaux 1 et 2).

    L’analyse factorielle de la BPRS après rotation varimax permet de retrouver un profil factoriel proche pour les BDA et Sch. A. Le premier facteur est en effet composé de nombreux items communs (désorientation, désorganisation, retrait affectif, émoussement affectif), mais l’item comportement hallucinatoire n’est retrouvé que dans les BDA (avec la saturation la plus élevée des items). Le deuxième facteur comporte aussi des items communs (tension, excitation). Le troisième facteur est de nature thymique dépressive dans les deux groupes (tableau 4).

    L’analyse factorielle des Sch. T et des PMD après rotation individualise une structure factorielle propre à ces deux catégories diagnostiques. Néanmoins, le profil factoriel du sousgroupe PMD accès maniaque est assez proche de celui des Sch. T. Chez les Sch. T, le premier facteur est de nature psychotique (méfiance, hostilité, désorganisation conceptuelle, non coopération, pensées inhabituelles, maniérisme). Le deuxième facteur bipolaire est de nature thymique. Le troisième facteur regroupe des items de type négatif (retrait et émoussement affectifs). Il n’apparaît donc pas clairement de facteur général thymique chez les Sch. T. Les PMD se caractérisent par un premier facteur de nature psychotique, un deuxième facteur bipolaire thymique pur dans le sous-groupe accès mélancolique, et de type “négatif” dans le sous-groupe accès maniaque. Le troisième facteur est commun aux deux sous-groupes : il est de nature thymique dépressive (tableau 4).

    L’analyse discriminante a permis de définir une première fonction discriminante centrée sur un axe psychotique, une deuxième fonction centrée sur un axe “retrait bizarrerie”, et une troisième centrée sur un axe “anergie”. Le reclassement des sujets par rapport à leur groupe d’origine après analyse discriminante confirme l’autonomie du groupe des PMD puisque 92.4 % des sujets sont bien classés ; les Sch. T sont classés à part égale soit dans le groupe des Sch. T, soit dans celui des PMD. Quant aux BDA, si plus de la moitié des sujets (56.6 %) est correctement classée, le reste de l’effectif est éclaté entre les trois autres groupes diagnostiques restant.

    Les Sch. A se répartissent principalement après reclassement, à la fois dans leur groupe d’origine (42.1 %) et dans celui des BDA (36.8 %) ; ceci confirme l’absence d’autonomie de ces deux dernières catégories diagnostiques et la nécessité de compléter cette étude par une analyse portant sur une population plus importante, et comportant un sous-groupe de schizophrénies paranoïdes (analyse en cours) (tableaux 6 et 7).

  • Cited by 3

  • O-26 - Prevalence and Clinical Presentation of Adhd in First Nationwide Epidemiological Survey in Poland

  • A. Kiejna, M. Kasprzak, M. Zagdańska, J. Moskalewicz, B. Wojtyniak, J. Stokwiszewski
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 April 2020, p. 1
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  • Introduction

    ADHD is one of the most frequent developmental disorders in childhood. Adults also suffer from symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Prevalence estimates of ADHD in adult community samples (5%) are based on American and West-European studies. Most of research though is concentrated on early ADHD symptoms. There are no sufficient data on clinical manifestation and scale of this problem in Poland.

    Objectives

    To assess prevalence (life and 12-month), access to psychiatric care and other clinical and sociodemographic aspects of ADHD in adult population in Poland (both contemporary and retrospective). The first Polish nationwide survey, Epidemiology of Mental Disorders and Access to Care (EZOP, Poland)” was included in the WHO's WMH.

    Aims

    The aim of this paper is to present collected data on ADHD in community sample.

    Methods

    Composite International Diagnostic Interview (cidi capi v.3.1) was administered in random sample of Poles aged 18–65 (n = 10000). Data was collected from November 2010 to March 2011 by trained Millward Brown SMG/KRC interviewers.

    Results

    Response rate is 50.4%. Prevalence estimated on the basis of retrospective reports in Screening Section is 2.2% for attention-deficit symptoms (2.5% for men and 1.9% for women) and 2.8% for hyperactivity symptoms (respectively 3.2% and 2.8%). Further analysis are in progress and detailed results will be known till December 2011.

    Conclusions

    Presented study will allow to introduce data on relation between intensity of early ADHD symptoms and it's later clinical manifestation. The identification of demographic factors influencing the course of the disorder and patterns of treatment will be possible.

  • Cited by 3

  • The impact of a novel computerized CBT CD-Rom (overcoming depression) offered to patients referred to clinical psychology

  • C.J. Williams, G. Whitfield, R. Hinshelwood, A. Pashley, L. Campsie
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 April 2020, p. S248
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  • Methods:

    A new computerized cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT) program was offered to consecutive referrals to the clinical psychology department where the referral letter had noted the presence of depression/low mood as a major problem. The exclusion criteria were age below 16 or above 65, current active suicidal intent, psychosis and an inability to read.

    Results:

    Seventy-eight consecutive referrals were offered an appointment for CCBT; 20 (26%) attended at least one session of CCBT and 14 (70% of starters) completed all six hour-long sessions. A clinically and statistically significant fall of over 11.07 points (SD 6.16) on the BDI-II occurred between baseline and 6 weeks, from a mean score of 30 (severe) to 18.93 (mild). The equivalent mean differences between the baseline and 6-week scores were 7.66 points for the BAI (SD 11.25), 2.93 points for the BHS (SD 5.54), and –3.93 points for the SASS (SD 8.35). Beck Depression Inventory scores (BDI-II) fell from a mean of 28.15 (SD 11.41) to 20.00 (SD 10.41) (p=.000) over the 6-week intervention period using an intention to treat analysis. The mean time with a self-help support nurse supporting their use of the CD Rom was 52 minutes in total.

    Conclusion:

    Only a quarter of patients on this psychology waiting list chose to use a CBT CD-Rom. The package seems to lead to improved mood. A randomised controlled study is required and is in progress.

  • Cited by 3

  • Swedish experiences with the structured clinical interview for the positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenia (SCI-PANSS)

  • L von Knoiring, E Lindstrüm
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 April 2020, pp. 145-147

  • Already at the end of the 19th century, Hughlings-Jackson suggested that positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions should be kept apart from negative symptoms such as anhedonia and reduced energy in all psychoses. Both Kreapelin and Bleuler regarded the negative symptoms as fundamental in schizophrenia while the positive symptoms were regarded as being accessory, accompanying the disorder. This view was maintained for 60 years (table 1) until Schneider (1959) introduced the “first rank symptoms”, all of them positive. Schneider never advocated that these symptoms should be a sufficient basis for a diagnosis of schizophrenia. In any case, the “first rank Symptoms” have been included in most later diagnostic systems (table 1).

  • Cited by 3

  • Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Treated with Atypical Antipsychotics, their First-degree Relatives and Control Group

  • S. Arya, H. Ahmadkhaniha, B. Arya
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 March 2020, p. S112
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  • Introduction and objective

    Patients with serious mental illness have lower life expectancy and higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared to normal population. Although, we have little evidence about their first-degree relatives.

    Aims

    To compare metabolic syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder treated with atypical antipsychotics, their first degree relatives and healthy subjects in two age groups: under and over 40.

    Methods

    This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with bipolar disorder treated with atypical antipsychotics, 50 first degree relatives and 135 healthy subjects. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was assessed based on National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP).

    Results

    Under the age of 40, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 15.4% in patients with Bipolar disorder, 17.6% in first degree relatives and 7% in healthy subjects. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in bipolar disorder patients (P = 0.004). In those over 40, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 31.8% in patients with bipolar disorder, 33.3% in first-degree relatives and 32.8% in healthy subjects. Serum levels of HDL were significantly lower in bipolar disorder patients (P = 0.002).

    Conclusion

    Patients with bipolar disorder and their first-degree relatives have greater chance for cardiovascular disease due to higher metabolic syndrome. Further investigations are needed for evaluating serious mental illness patients and their relatives.

    Disclosure of interest

    The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

  • Cited by 3
  • Cited by 3

  • Onset of panic disorder and suicide attempts

  • JP Lepine, JM Chignon, M Teherani
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 April 2020, pp. 339-342

  • In a study of the general population, Weissman et al (1989), found that panic disorder is associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt. We estimated the lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideations or suicide attempts in 100 consecutive referrals for treatment of panic disorder. Sixty per cent of these patients had had suicidal ideation and 42% had attempted suicide during their lifetime. With regard to the season of onset of panic attack, we found a very skewed distribution of first panic in late spring or summer. Furthermore, patients who had their first attack in spring or summer had a higher rate of suicidal ideation and an increased risk of suicide attempt.

  • Cited by 3

  • Activity of several GABAergic agents on the behavioral “despair” test in rats

  • A. Fernandez-Teruel, F . Boix, R .M . Escorihuela, T . Guix, A . Tobeña
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 April 2020, pp. 167-173

  • The present study was conducted to investigate whether several GABAergic drugs could affect immobility in the behavioral “despair” test (swimming test). The subacute (3 injections) treatment with the GABA-B agonist baclofen 0.5 mg/kg (BC05) partially antagonised the antiimmobility action of imipramine (IMI), whereas muscimol 0.00125 mg/kg (MU ; GABA-A agonist) did not affect the imipramine effect on immobility. The highest doses of baclofen alone increased immobility time, and no effect of muscimol alone was observed on this measure. Other experiments indicated that different doses of δ-α-aminovaleric acid (a GABA-B antagonist and GABA-A agonist) or progabide (a GABA A/B agonist with clinical antidepressive properties) did not modify immobility time. On the other hand, sodium valproate (VPA), chronically administered, was effective in reducing the time of immobility of rats in the swimming test, at doses which did not alter motor activity in an open field test. Since there is evidence indicating that valproate can be considered as a GABA-mimetic agent, the present data is consistent with other results showing an antidepressant-like activity of agents which enhance GABAergic transmission.

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  • Cited by 3

  • Treatment of panic disorder with alprazolam and imipramine: clinical relevance of DSM III dysthymia

  • R Rosenberg, P Nøhr Jensen
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 April 2020, pp. 27-32

  • The presence of affective symptoms in panic disorder has often been reported. Data from The Cross-National Collaborative Panic Study (second phase) were analysed to address the role of dysthymia in panic disorder with respect to previous illness, current psychopathology and the outcome during an 8-week study of alprazolam and imipramine. A group of dysthymic patients without current or past major depressive episode was studied. The prevalences of dysthymia varied markedly across participating sites: 2–13%. Only a few clinical characteristics of dysthymic panic disorder patients were found. They had suffered from panic disorder for a few years more than patients without affective disorder and they were slightly older. The outcome after the 8-week drug trial was not significantly different from that of patients without affective disorder. Hence, dysthymia was not suggested to be of major clinical relevance for the phenomenology of panic disorder or for the outcome of drug treatment.

  • Cited by 3

  • P-224 - Persistence of the Rubber Hand Illusion and Maintaining Factors During Active or Passive Movements: new Indicators for Rehabilitation?

  • O. Christ, M. Jokisch, J. Preller, P. Beckerle, S. Rinderknecht, J. Vogt
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 April 2020, p. 1
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  • Introduction:

    Feelings of unrealistic body parts are related to deficits in human information processing and can occur as a part of schizophrenic disorders or phantom sensations after amputation (Koide, 2008; Goller, in press). Experimentally induced sensoric illusions like rubber hand illusion (RHI) (Botvinik & Cohen, 1998) may help to understand basic information processing and could give new ideas for treatment or the rehabilitation process.

    Objectives:

    Factors that are related to modulate sensoric illusions during movement may help to develop new intervention strategies in the rehabilitation of illusory symptoms.

    Aims:

    The goal of this study was to review the factors affecting persistence of the RHI effect during movement.

    Methods:

    We selected 13 keywords and searched in the following www.dimdi.de data bases (CCTR93, CDAR94, CDSR93, DAHTA, DAHTA, EA08, ED93, EM00, EM47, HG05, KP05, KR03, ME00, ME60, PI67, PY81, TV01, TVPP). A total of 160 articles were found. Duplicates were removed and the remaining list was filtered with the objective to explore the influence of active or passive movement during experimentally induced RHI. Then we identified six articles which experimentally examined persistence of RHI during active or passive movements.

    Results:

    Results indicate that RHI are maintained during active or passive movements due to visual and temporal congruency. During active movements the RHI is more stable or global than in passive movements or during tactile stimulation.

    Conclusion:

    Factores like visual and temporal congruency are related to maintain RHI and are discussed in the rehabilitation of phantom sensations or symptomes of schizophrenic disorders.

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