Meteorological parameters and air pollen count have been associated with affective disorders and suicide. Regarding peripartum depression, the literature is restricted and inconclusive.

This cross-sectional study included women (pregnant, n = 3843; postpartum, n = 3757) who participated in the BASIC (Biology, Affect, Stress, Imaging, and Cognition) study 2010–2015 and the UPPSAT (Uppsala-Athens) study (postpartum, n = 1565) in 2006–2007. Cases were defined according to presence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy (gestational week 32) and 6 weeks postpartum, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Exposure of sunshine, temperature, precipitation, snow coverage, and air pollen counts of durations of 1, 7, and 42 days prior to the outcome were studied for associations with depressive symptoms, using negative binomial regression.

Prior to Bonferroni correction, the concentration of mugwort pollen, both one week and six weeks before the EPDS assessment at gestational week 32, was inversely associated with depressive symptoms in pregnancy, both before and after adjustment for season. No associations were found between the exposure to meteorological parameters and pollen and depressive symptoms, at the same day of depressive symptoms’ assessment, the previous week, or the six weeks prior to assessment, either during pregnancy or postpartum after Bonferroni correction.

There was no evidence that neither short-term nor long-term exposure to meteorological parameters or air pollen counts were associated with self-reported peripartum depressive symptoms in Uppsala, Sweden.

The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine the role of sociodemographic, clinical, and cognitive – both objective and subjective – factors in overall and in specific domains of psychosocial functioning, in patients with depression at different clinical states of the disease (remitted and non-remitted).

A sample of 325 patients with major depressive disorder, 117 in remission and 208 in non-remission, were assessed with a semi-structured interview collecting sociodemographic, clinical, cognitive (with neuropsychological tests and the Perceived Deficit Questionnaire), and functional (Functioning Assessment Short Test) characteristics. Backward regression models were conducted to determine associations of global and specific areas of functioning with independent factors, for both clinical states.

Residual depressive symptomatology and self-appraisal of executive competence were significantly associated with psychosocial functioning in remitted patients, in overall and some subdomains of functioning, particularly cognitive and interpersonal areas. While depressive symptoms, executive deficits and self-appraisal of executive function were significantly related to functional outcomes in non-remitted patients, both in overall functioning and in most of subdomains.

This study evidences the strong association of one’s appraisal of executive competence with psychosocial functioning, together with depressive symptoms, both in remitted and non-remitted patients with depression. Therefore, to achieve full recovery, clinical management of patients should tackle not only the relief of core depressive symptoms, but also the cognitive ones, both those that are objectified with neuropsychological tests and those that are reported by the patients themselves.

Emerging evidence suggests that sedentary behaviour, specifically time spent taking part in screen-based activities, such as watching television, may be associated with mental health outcomes in young people [1]. However, recent reviews have found limited and conflicting evidence for both anxiety and depression [2].

The purpose of the study was to explore associations between screen time at age 16 years and anxiety and depression at 18.

Subjects (n = 1958) were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a UK-based prospective cohort study. We assessed associations between screen time (measured via questionnaire at 16 years) and anxiety and depression (measured in a clinic at 18 years using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule) using ordinal logistic regression, before and after adjustment for covariates (including sex, maternal education, family social class, parental conflict, bullying and maternal depression).

After adjusting for potential confounders, we found no evidence for an association between screen time and anxiety (OR = 1.02; 95% CI 0.95–1.09). There was weak evidence that greater screen time was associated with a small increased risk of depression (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.98–1.13).

Our results suggest that young people who spend more time on screen-based activities may have a small increased risk of developing depression but not anxiety. Reducing youth screen time may lower the prevalence of depression. The study was limited by screen time being self-reported, a small sample size due to attrition and non-response, and the possibility of residual confounding. Reverse causation cannot be ruled out.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

An association between sensationalized media reporting and subsequent increase in suicidal behavior has been documented, and adolescents are especially vulnerable to imitative influences. The aims of this study were to examine the characteristics of the articles reporting adult and adolescent (under age 18) suicides in the Italian press and to assess adherence to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for responsible reporting. Methods: The print versions of the three newspapers with the widest national distribution in Italy were searched for all the articles on incident suicides printed over a 7-month period (July 2022 to February 2023). Articles were examined for adherence to the WHO guidelines. Results: Overall, 213 articles were identified, reporting on 122 individual suicide cases (88.5% adults and 11.5% adolescents). Of the articles, 78.9% were on adults and 21.1% on adolescents, with a ratio articles/suicide cases of 1.6 for adults and 3.2 for adolescents (p < 0.0001). Adolescent suicide articles had more words (mean 612.5 ± SD 275.6) than adult ones (462.1 ± 267.7, p = 0.001). Potentially harmful reporting features were present in both the adult and adolescent articles (12–82%). Few articles (0–15%) included protective features. Articles on adolescents were more adherent to the WHO guidelines for omitting specific information of suicide method and location. Conclusions: Significant differences were found in the press reporting of adolescent versus adult suicides, with adolescent suicides receiving more attention in terms of the number of articles and article length. Suicide press reporting can be improved. A close collaboration between journalists and suicide prevention experts may be beneficial.

The shift to the online world supported by parents who actively encourage children to remain in the home; and typically justify the purchase of new technologies because of the danger of outside spaces as well as the educational role they are expected to play. The prevalence of social networking sites has certain implications for identity .

Determining the dominance of social networking sites (which largely of course means Facebook and Twitter at present) in the lives of the majority of teenagers which involve them dealing with three key public elements – profiles, friends and comments – which all have implications for the performance of identity.

Explaining the ways to reduce the effects of social networks on the identity crisis of youths.

The study was carried out on 150 boys and 100 girls from 11 to 15 years of age studying in schools, in Hamedan. In the 4 months of October to January,2013, the students were asked to write the summary of subjects they communicate online and the time they spent averagely online.

70% of boys exchanged songs and videoclips and photos related to sports and cinema actors of which 40% were abnormal. 40% of girls exchanged fashion and songs. Only 20% of both sexes talked about their school subjects online.

Social phobia has driven children to have a hidden identity to let them enter virtual world which can destroy their natural and real identity. It is necessary to construct special chatrooms for students to get involved in scientific and social affairs freely.

Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics improve medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia and extend the duration of therapeutic drug levels but with administration of an increased dose. Real-world mortality data in patients prescribed LAIs are lacking. We conducted a population-based cohort study to estimate and compare the incidence rates of all-cause death and completed suicide in patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder exposed to LAIs and oral antipsychotics.

Patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder between January 1, 2015 and November 30, 2019 were enrolled from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and linked to Death Registry records. Eligible patients were new antipsychotic users. Relative risks of death for each antipsychotic compared with oral paliperidone were evaluated using a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, index year, bipolar or major depressive or other mood disorders, mental disorders due to drug use, and baseline hospitalization frequency.

There were 228,791.08 person-years of follow-up (mean 2.48 years). The incidence rates of all-cause death in users of LAI paliperidone administered monthly (PP1M) and every 3 months (PP3M) were 7.40/1,000 person-years (95% confidence interval 5.94–9.11) and 9.93 (5.88–15.79), respectively. The incidences of completed suicide were 2.03/1,000 person-years (1.32–2.99) and 3.10 (1.14–6.88), respectively. No significant associations were observed between PP1M and PP3M compared to oral paliperidone in incidences of all-cause death or for completed suicide.

No increased risk of all-cause death or completed suicide was observed in users of antipsychotic LAIs, including PP1M and PP3M.

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is considered a dysfunctional way of dealing with problem situations.

This study aimed to investigate the problem solving capacity in adults with NSSI compared to controls.

Thirty-three patients who sought treatment for NSSI (NSSI group) were compared with 33 individuals without psychiatric disorder (control group). We also investigated Axis I disorders, executive functions and problem solving capacity.

In both groups, the majority were women (77.25%) with a mean age of 30 years, and the beginning of NSSI behavior of 16 years. The most common NSSI behaviour was skin cutting, and the most common reason given for engaging in that behaviour was “to stop negative feelings”. The most common psychiatric comorbidities were major depressive disorder (60.6%). Compared to controls, the group with NSSI showed lower results in relation to problem solving capacity (P = 0.000) and mental flexibility (P = 0.007). Deficits in problem solving capacity may be a reflection of low mental flexibility of adults with NSSI. This may be a risk factor for the beginning of NSSI and the persistence of it in adulthood.

Early identification and treatment focused on problem solving capacity during the adolescence may prevent the chronicity of NSSI.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

A new computerized cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT) program was offered to consecutive referrals to the clinical psychology department where the referral letter had noted the presence of depression/low mood as a major problem. The exclusion criteria were age below 16 or above 65, current active suicidal intent, psychosis and an inability to read.

Seventy-eight consecutive referrals were offered an appointment for CCBT; 20 (26%) attended at least one session of CCBT and 14 (70% of starters) completed all six hour-long sessions. A clinically and statistically significant fall of over 11.07 points (SD 6.16) on the BDI-II occurred between baseline and 6 weeks, from a mean score of 30 (severe) to 18.93 (mild). The equivalent mean differences between the baseline and 6-week scores were 7.66 points for the BAI (SD 11.25), 2.93 points for the BHS (SD 5.54), and –3.93 points for the SASS (SD 8.35). Beck Depression Inventory scores (BDI-II) fell from a mean of 28.15 (SD 11.41) to 20.00 (SD 10.41) (p=.000) over the 6-week intervention period using an intention to treat analysis. The mean time with a self-help support nurse supporting their use of the CD Rom was 52 minutes in total.

Only a quarter of patients on this psychology waiting list chose to use a CBT CD-Rom. The package seems to lead to improved mood. A randomised controlled study is required and is in progress.

ADHD is one of the most frequent developmental disorders in childhood. Adults also suffer from symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Prevalence estimates of ADHD in adult community samples (5%) are based on American and West-European studies. Most of research though is concentrated on early ADHD symptoms. There are no sufficient data on clinical manifestation and scale of this problem in Poland.

To assess prevalence (life and 12-month), access to psychiatric care and other clinical and sociodemographic aspects of ADHD in adult population in Poland (both contemporary and retrospective). The first Polish nationwide survey, Epidemiology of Mental Disorders and Access to Care (EZOP, Poland)” was included in the WHO's WMH.

The aim of this paper is to present collected data on ADHD in community sample.

Composite International Diagnostic Interview (cidi capi v.3.1) was administered in random sample of Poles aged 18–65 (n = 10000). Data was collected from November 2010 to March 2011 by trained Millward Brown SMG/KRC interviewers.

Response rate is 50.4%. Prevalence estimated on the basis of retrospective reports in Screening Section is 2.2% for attention-deficit symptoms (2.5% for men and 1.9% for women) and 2.8% for hyperactivity symptoms (respectively 3.2% and 2.8%). Further analysis are in progress and detailed results will be known till December 2011.

Presented study will allow to introduce data on relation between intensity of early ADHD symptoms and it's later clinical manifestation. The identification of demographic factors influencing the course of the disorder and patterns of treatment will be possible.

Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are thought to act as templates for information processing that influence individuals’ emotional reactions to life satisfaction.

Thus,the main purpose of the present study was to predict Life Satisfaction with respect to early maladaptive schemas among Iranian college students.

The research population consisted of 1700 students. Three hundred undergraduate students (150 female and 150 male) selected by multiple cluster sampling method. Short questionnaire form of early maladaptive schema (YSQ-SF) and life satisfaction questionnaire were used in this study. For analyzing the data, Pearson correlation, Step wise regression and dependent t were used.

Results of correlation showed negative significant correlation between life satisfaction and early maladaptive schemas including emotional Depravation, Social isolation, Defectiveness/sham, failure, Dependence/incompetence

Vulnerability To harm illness, Subjugation, Self-sacrifice, Emotional inhibition, Unrelenting Standards /hyper criticalness and Insufficient Self-Control / Self-Discipline. Only three subscales Including Abandonment/ Instability, entitlement/ grandiosity, enmeshment/ undeveloped self, showed no significant correlation with life satisfaction. Result of regression analysis revealed that among 15 schemas, emotional Depravation, Defectiveness/sham and Dependence/incompetence schemas were best predictor of life satisfaction. In addition, the results indicated a significant difference between two groups of male and female students in subdivisions such as mistrust/abuse, failure, vulnerability to harm or illness, and unrelenting standards/hypocriticalness.

The findings of this study show that the assessment of EMS based on Young’s conceptualization of EMS can increase our understanding about students problems and interventions should be focused on changing these schemas.

Patients with serious mental illness have lower life expectancy and higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared to normal population. Although, we have little evidence about their first-degree relatives.

To compare metabolic syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder treated with atypical antipsychotics, their first degree relatives and healthy subjects in two age groups: under and over 40.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with bipolar disorder treated with atypical antipsychotics, 50 first degree relatives and 135 healthy subjects. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was assessed based on National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP).

Under the age of 40, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 15.4% in patients with Bipolar disorder, 17.6% in first degree relatives and 7% in healthy subjects. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in bipolar disorder patients (P = 0.004). In those over 40, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 31.8% in patients with bipolar disorder, 33.3% in first-degree relatives and 32.8% in healthy subjects. Serum levels of HDL were significantly lower in bipolar disorder patients (P = 0.002).

Patients with bipolar disorder and their first-degree relatives have greater chance for cardiovascular disease due to higher metabolic syndrome. Further investigations are needed for evaluating serious mental illness patients and their relatives.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

This case-control study aimed to assess the intervention effects of six-session interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-A) on reducing the severity of anxiety and depression in adolescent victims.

A total of 30 adolescents who had clinical significant level after experiencing bullied experiences were allocated to a six-session course of IPT-A (N = 15) or to treatment as usual (TAU) (N = 15). T test was performed to examine the effect of IPT-A on reducing the severity of anxiety and depression related to the bullied events.

Pre-intervention age, sex, anxiety and depression showed no significant difference between two groups. As the preintervention severity of two groups were no significant different, results showed the IPT-A group to have significantly lower post-intervention severity levels of anxiety and depression (p< .05) than the TAU group. Effective size showed moderate to high level between IPT-A and TAU.

The results of this study support the effectiveness of the IPT-A in improving anxiety symptoms and depression in adolescents experiencing traumatic bullied experiences.

To describe reasons for not seeking professional help at the age of 17-18 years, when a need for mental help is present.

In a person identifiable survey among 3278 Finnish adolescents 15-16 years old at baseline, reasons for not seeking professional help were studied among respondents of a two-year follow-up, who had reported a need for help for a mental health problem but had not sought professional help(n=128). The respondents were instructed to choose from the following list all alternatives describing their situation: thought that the symptoms will eventually alleviate anyway, unsure about who to turn to, felt too exhausted to get help, anxious of somebody finding out, negative experiences of dealing with health professionals, distrusted the effectiveness of professional help, turned to parents for help, parents estimated that there was no need for professional help, turned to friends for help,. friends estimated that there was no need for professional help.

The three most common reasons for not searching for professional help were, the notion that the symptoms would alleviate without help (71%), exhaustion (43%) and turning to friends for help (26%). Uncertainty about to whom to turn and exhaustion were more common among those with depression compared to those with no depression (33% vs 14%, p=0.025 and 55% vs 35%, p= 0.042).

Mental health literacy of late adolescents must be enhanced in order to make them take mental health problems seriously enough to get professional help.

Depression is the most common mental health problem among older people, posing a critical impact on their well-being and the quality of life.

To estimate the prevalence and under diagnosis of depression in elderly, and to investigate the association with various factors.

Data on 239 members of “day care centres for older people” in the municipality of Patras, W-Greece, were recorded, including questions regarding self-reported and/or diagnosed depression (EHIS). Furthermore, the Greek version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was applied. the scores of GDS were compared to the corresponding EHIS answers and associated to various basic parameters.

The results of GDS indicated 45% having depression (36% moderate, 9% severe). Having ever been affected with chronic depression reported 49 (20.5%), out of them 34 (66.7%) were diagnosed by physician. in detail, out of the 162 (67.8%) subjects reporting never have been affected by depression, 37 (22.8) and 8 (4.9%) screened positive for moderate and severe depression, respectively. in 27 individuals who reported not to know if they have depression, 16 revealed depressive symptoms using the GDS. Depression is more frequent in women, in not married, including divorced and widowed, in subjects living alone at home (62% vs 38.1%, p = 0.003), and in elderly with chronic diseases (50.8% vs 27.5%, p = 0.02).

High prevalence of depressive symptoms in elderly population is evident, but rarely recognized. the systematic use of short GDS versions in primary care may increase detection rates of depression among the elderly.

The treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) should be multimodal. Apart from pharmacological treatment, that is frequently insufficient, psychosocial interventions are considered worthwile. In order to assess the usefulness of a coaching procedure in adult ADHD with respect to symptoms and daily life functioning a pilot study was performed. Beforee and after the coaching symptoms and functioning were rated.

Ten patient (age 25-61, 6 males) with a deiagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria were included. They took part in an 8 weeks structured coaching procedure once weekly for two hours. Before and after the coaching patients were assessed with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, The Attention Deficit Self Rating Scale (ASRS), the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS), the Quality of Life, Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-Les-Q) and the Weiss Adult Functional Impairment Rating Scale. The ratings were done by the patients and a significant other (e.g. spouse)

There were no significant effects on symptoms of ADHD as rated by the patients. The significant other however noted improvement. Functioning in daily life, as measured with the Weiss, showed a significant improvement.

Improvement or not-improvement of ADHD symptoms does not automatically parallel functional outcome in daily life. Psychosocial measures may be of benefit in this respect.

To evaluate the comparative efficacy of 3 antidepressants, each representative of a distinct psychopharmacologic class, in the treatment of depressive disorders associated to Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD).

A group of 23 patients, mean age 72.1, diagnosed with PDD for at least 2 years, who were admitted in our department for a major depressive episode (DSM IV TR), received antidepressant treatment with escitalopram (mean dose 15 mg daily, n=7), duloxetine (mean dose 45 mg daily, n=8) or trazodone (mean dose 150 mg daily, n=8). All patients received treatment for PDD with rivastigmine or donepezil continuously, for at least 12 months. The distribution of patients on the antidepressant treatment was randomized, in a single-blind manner. Patients were evaluated monthly, for 6 months, using Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression- 17 items, Clinical Global Impression-Improvement and Mini Mental Status Examination.

Patients treated with duloxetine had the most significant improvement in the depressive symptoms, as the endpoint MADRS (-18.6+/-2.3, p< 0.01), HAMD (-13.2+/-1.1, p< 0.01) and CGI-I (- 3.2+/-0.5, p< 0.01) scores reflected. The differences between escitalopram and trazodone didn’t reach a significant level but, overall, both improved the depressive symptoms compared to baseline (p< 0.05). The difference between duloxetine and the other two antidepressants became significant after 8 weeks (p< 0.01). The severity of dementia symptoms didn’t vary significantly between the three groups at endpoint.

Duloxetine had proven itself more efficient than escitalopram and trazodone in the improvement of the depressive symptoms in PDD.