We address the problem of the conditions under which an endomorphism having a dense orbit is such that a sufficiently close perturbed map also exhibits a dense orbit. For this purpose we give sufficient conditions, covering a large class of examples, for endomorphisms on the $n$-dimensional torus to be robustly transitive: the endomorphism must be volume expanding and any large connected arc must contain a point such that its future orbit belongs to an expanding region.

We study dynamics of continuous maps on compact metrizable spaces containing a free interval (i.e. an open subset homeomorphic to an open interval). Special attention is paid to relationships between topological transitivity, weak and strong topological mixing, dense periodicity and topological entropy as well as to the topological structure of minimal sets. In particular, a trichotomy for minimal sets and a dichotomy for transitive maps are proved.

We study parameter families of quasi-periodically forced (qpf) circle maps with Diophantine frequency. Under certain $\mathcal {C}^1$-open conditions concerning their geometry, we prove that these families exhibit non-uniformly hyperbolic behaviour, often referred to as the existence of strange non-chaotic attractors, on parameter sets of positive measure. This provides a nonlinear version of results by Young on quasi-periodic $\mathrm {SL}(2,\mathbb {R})$-cocycles and complements previous results in this direction which hold for sets of frequencies of positive measure, but did not allow for an explicit characterization of these frequencies. As an application, we study a qpf version of the Arnold circle map and show that the Arnold tongue corresponding to rotation number $1/2$collapses on an open set of parameters. The proof requires to perform a parameter exclusion with respect to some twist parameter and is based on the multiscale analysis of the dynamics on certain dynamically defined critical sets. A crucial ingredient is to obtain good control on the parameter dependence of the critical sets. Apart from the presented results, we believe that this step will be important for obtaining further information on the behaviour of parameter families like the qpf Arnold circle map.

I provide a proof of the existence of absolutely continuous invariant measures (and study their statistical properties) for multidimensional piecewise expanding systems with not necessarily bounded derivative or distortion. The proof uses basic properties of multidimensional BV functions (the space of functions of bounded variations).

Leaves of laminations can be symbolically represented by deforming them into paths of labeled embedded carrier graphs, including train tracks. Here, we describe and characterize the languages of two-way infinite words coming from this kind of coding, called lamination languages, first, by using carrier graph sequences, and second, by using word combinatorics. These characterizations generalize those existing for interval exchange transformations. We also show that lamination languages have ultimately affine factor complexity, and we present effective techniques to build these languages.

Let $D$ be a dendrite and $f:D\rightarrow D$ a continuous map. Denote by $E(D)$ and $B(D)$ the sets of endpoints and branch points of $D$, respectively. We show that if $E(D)$ is countable, then $f$ is pointwise-recurrent if and only if $f$ is a pointwise-periodic homeomorphism; also, if $B(D)$ is discrete, then $f$ is pointwise-recurrent if and only if every point in $D\backslash E(D)$is periodic.

Let (Bi) be a sequence of measurable sets in a probability space (X,ℬ,μ) such that ∑ ∞n=1μ(Bi)=∞. The classical Borel–Cantelli lemma states that if the sets Bi are independent, then μ({x∈X:x∈Bi infinitely often})=1. Suppose (T,X,μ) is a dynamical system and (Bi) is a sequence of sets in X. We consider whether Tix∈Bi infinitely often for μ almost every x∈X and, if so, is there an asymptotic estimate on the rate of entry? If Tix∈Bi infinitely often for μ almost every x, we call the sequence (Bi) a Borel–Cantelli sequence. If the sets Bi :=B(p,ri) are nested balls of radius ri about a point p, then the question of whether Tix∈Bi infinitely often for μ almost every x is often called the shrinking target problem. We show, under certain assumptions on the measure μ, that for balls Bi if μ(Bi)≥i−γ, 0<γ<1, then a sufficiently high polynomial rate of decay of correlations for Lipschitz observables implies that the sequence is Borel–Cantelli. If μ(Bi)≥C1 /i, then exponential decay of correlations implies that the sequence is Borel–Cantelli. We give conditions in terms of return time statistics which quantify Borel–Cantelli results for sequences of balls such that μ(Bi)≥C/i. Corollaries of our results are that for planar dispersing billiards and Lozi maps, sequences of nested balls B(p,1/i) are Borel–Cantelli. We also give applications of these results to a variety of non-uniformly hyperbolic dynamical systems.

One can describe isomorphism of two compact hyperbolic Riemann surfaces of the same genus by a measure-theoretic property: a chosen isomorphism of their fundamental groups corresponds to a homeomorphism on the boundary of the Poincaré disc that is absolutely continuous for Lebesgue measure if and only if the surfaces are isomorphic. In this paper, we find the corresponding statement for Mumford curves, a non-Archimedean analogue of Riemann surfaces. In this case, the mere absolute continuity of the boundary map (for Schottky uniformization and the corresponding Patterson–Sullivan measure) only implies isomorphism of the special fibers of the Mumford curves, and the absolute continuity needs to be enhanced by a finite list of conditions on the harmonic measures on the boundary (certain non-Archimedean distributions constructed by Schneider and Teitelbaum) to guarantee an isomorphism of the Mumford curves. The proof combines a generalization of a rigidity theorem for trees due to Coornaert, the existence of a boundary map by a method of Floyd, with a classical theorem of Babbage, Enriques and Petri on equations for the canonical embedding of a curve.

In this paper we will study families of circle maps of the form $x\mapsto x+ 2\pi r+ af(x)({\rm mod} \hspace{0.334em} 2\pi )$ and investigate how many periodic trajectories maps from this family can have for a ‘typical’ function $f$ provided the parameter $a$ is small.

We prove that for every finitely generated group Γ, at least one of the following holds: (1) Γ has fixed price; (2) each of its Cayley graphs G has infinitely many infinite clusters for some Bernoulli percolation on G.

We present amalgamated free products satisfying coupling rigidity with respect to the automorphism group of the associated Bass–Serre tree. As an application, we obtain orbit equivalence rigidity for amalgamated free products of mapping class groups.

We show that for a locally free $C^{\infty }$-action of a connected and simply connected nilpotent Lie group on a compact manifold, if every real-valued cocycle is cohomologous to a constant cocycle, then the action is parameter rigid. The converse is true if the action has a dense orbit. Using this, we construct parameter rigid actions of simply connected nilpotent Lie groups whose Lie algebras admit rational structures with graduations. This generalizes the results of dos Santos [Parameter rigid actions of the Heisenberg groups. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.27(2007), 1719–1735] concerning the Heisenberg groups.

Beyond the uncoupled regime, the rigorous description of the dynamics of (piecewise) expanding coupled map lattices remains largely incomplete. To address this issue, we study repellers of periodic chains of linearly coupled Lorenz-type maps which we analyze by means of symbolic dynamics. Whereas all symbolic codes are admissible for sufficiently small coupling intensity, when the interaction strength exceeds a chain length independent threshold, we prove that a large bunch of codes is pruned and an extensive decay follows suit for the topological entropy. This quantity, however, does not immediately drop off to 0. Instead, it is shown to be continuous at the threshold and to remain extensively bounded below by a positive number in a large part of the expanding regime. The analysis is firstly accomplished in a piecewise affine setting where all calculations are explicit and is then extended by continuation to coupled map lattices based on $C^1$-perturbations of the individual map.

We investigate the link between postcritical behaviors and the relations of saddle basic sets for Axiom A polynomial skew products on $\mathbb {C}^2$, and characterize various properties concerning the three kinds of accumulation sets defined by DeMarco and Hruska [Axiom A polynomial skew products of $\mathbb {C}^2$ and their postcritical sets. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.28(2008), 1749–1779] in terms of the saddle basic sets. We also give a new example of higher degree.

We show that if the Julia set of a transcendental entire function is locally connected, then it takes the form of a spider’s web in the sense defined by Rippon and Stallard. In the opposite direction, we prove that a spider’s web Julia set is always locally connected at a dense subset of buried points. We also show that the set of buried points (the residual Julia set) can be a spider’s web.

In this paper we compute the derivative of the action on probability measures of an expanding circle map at its absolutely continuous invariant measure. The derivative is defined using optimal transport: we use the rigorous framework set up by Gigli to endow the space of measures with a kind of differential structure. It turns out that 1 is an eigenvalue of infinite multiplicity of this derivative, and we deduce that the absolutely continuous invariant measure can be deformed in many ways into atomless, nearly invariant measures. We also show that the action of standard self-covering maps on measures has positive metric mean dimension.

In this paper we investigate how many periodic attractors maps in a small neighbourhood of a given map can have. For this purpose we develop new tools which help to make uniform cross-ratio distortion estimates in a neighbourhood of a map with degenerate critical points.

For a class of ℤ2 Markov Random Fields (MRFs) μ, we show that the sequence of successive differences of entropies of induced MRFs on strips of height n converges exponentially fast (in n) to the entropy of μ. These strip entropies can be computed explicitly when μ is a Gibbs state given by a nearest-neighbor interaction on a strongly irreducible nearest-neighbor ℤ2 shift of finite type X. We state this result in terms of approximations to the (topological) pressures of certain functions on such an X, and we show that these pressures are computable if the values taken on by the functions are computable. Finally, we show that our results apply to the hard core model and Ising model for certain parameter values of the corresponding interactions, as well as to the topological entropy of certain nearest-neighbor ℤ2 shifts of finite type, generalizing a result in [R. Pavlov. Approximating the hard square entropy constant with probabilistic methods. Ann. Probab. to appear].

A caustic of a billiard table is a curve such that any billiard trajectory, once tangent to the curve, stays tangent after every reflection at the boundary. When the billiard table is an ellipse, any non-singular billiard trajectory has a caustic, which can be either a confocal ellipse or a confocal hyperbola. Resonant caustics—those whose tangent trajectories are closed polygons—are destroyed under generic perturbations of the billiard table. We prove that none of the resonant elliptical caustics persists under a large class of explicit perturbations of the original ellipse. This result follows from a standard Melnikov argument and the analysis of the complex singularities of certain elliptic functions.

If a partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism on a torus of dimension $d\geq 3$ has stable and unstable foliations which are quasi-isometric on the universal cover, and its centre direction is one-dimensional, then the diffeomorphism is leaf conjugate to a linear toral automorphism. In other words, the hyperbolic structure of the diffeomorphism is exactly that of a linear, and thus simple to understand, example. In particular, every partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism on the 3-torus is leaf conjugate to a linear toral automorphism.