In his Inventiones papers in 1995 and 1998, Borcherds constructed holomorphic automorphic forms Ψ(f) with product expansions on bounded domains D associated to rational quadratic spaces V of signature (n2), starting from vector valued modular forms f of weight 1 − n2 for SL2($\open Z$) which are allowed to have poles at the cusp and whose nonpositive Fourier coefficients are integers cμ(−m), m ≥ 0. In this paper, we use the Siegel–Weil formula to give an explicit formula for the integral κ(Ψ(f)) of − log||Ψ(f)||2 over X = Γ\D, where || ||2 is the Petersson norm. This integral is given by a sum for m0 of quantities cμ(−m)κμ(m), where κμ(m) is the limit as Im(τ) → ∞ of the mth Fourier coefficient of the second term in the Laurent expansion at s = n2 of a certain Eisenstein series E(τs) of weight (n2) + 1 attached to V. The possible role played by the quantity κ(Ψ(f)) in the Arakelov theory of the divisors Zμ(m) on X is explained in the last section.

We associate to certain filtrations of a graded linear series of a big line bundle a concave function on its Okounkov body, whose law with respect to the Lebesgue measure describes the asymptotic distribution of the jumps of the filtration. As a consequence, we obtain a Fujita-type approximation theorem in this general filtered setting. We then specialize these results to the filtrations by minima in the usual context of Arakelov geometry (and for more general adelically normed graded linear series), thereby obtaining in a simple way a natural construction of an arithmetic Okounkov body, the existence of the arithmetic volume as a limit and an arithmetic Fujita approximation theorem for adelically normed graded linear series. We also obtain an easy proof of the existence of the sectional capacity previously obtained by Lau, Rumely and Varley.

We prove a structure theorem for triangulated Calabi–Yau categories: an algebraic 2-Calabi–Yau triangulated category over an algebraically closed field is a cluster category if and only if it contains a cluster-tilting subcategory whose quiver has no oriented cycles. We prove a similar characterization for higher cluster categories. As an application to commutative algebra, we show that the stable category of maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules over a certain isolated singularity of dimension 3 is a cluster category. This implies the classification of the rigid Cohen–Macaulay modules first obtained by Iyama and Yoshino. As an application to the combinatorics of quiver mutation, we prove the non-acyclicity of the quivers of endomorphism algebras of cluster-tilting objects in the stable categories of representation-infinite preprojective algebras. No direct combinatorial proof is known as yet. In the appendix, Michel Van den Bergh gives an alternative proof of the main theorem by appealing to the universal property of the triangulated orbit category.

We give a rigorous definition of tropical fans (the ‘local building blocks for tropical varieties’) and their morphisms. For a morphism of tropical fans of the same dimension we show that the number of inverse images (counted with suitable tropical multiplicities) of a point in the target does not depend on the chosen point; a statement that can be viewed as one of the important first steps of tropical intersection theory. As an application we consider the moduli spaces of rational tropical curves (both abstract and in some ℝr) together with the evaluation and forgetful morphisms. Using our results this gives new, easy and unified proofs of various tropical independence statements, e.g. of the fact that the numbers of rational tropical curves (in any ℝr) through given points are independent of the points.

We show that a line arrangement in the complex projective plane supports a nontrivial resonance variety if and only if it is the underlying arrangement of a ‘multinet’, a multi-arrangement with a partition into three or more equinumerous classes which have equal multiplicities at each inter-class intersection point, and satisfy a connectivity condition. We also prove that this combinatorial structure is equivalent to the existence of a pencil of plane curves, also satisfying a connectivity condition, whose singular fibers include at least three products of lines, which comprise the arrangement. We derive numerical conditions which impose restrictions on the number of classes, and the line and point multiplicities that can appear in multinets, and allow us to detect whether the associated pencils yield nonlinear fiberings of the complement.

This paper is concerned with the smooth representation theory of the general linear group G=GL(F) of a non-Archimedean local field F. The point is the (explicit) construction of a special series of irreducible representations of compact open subgroups, called semisimple types, and the computation of their Hecke algebras. A given semisimple type determines a Bernstein component of the category of smooth representations of G; that component is then the module category for a tensor product of affine Hecke algebras; every component arises this way. Moreover, all Jacquet functors and parabolic induction functors connecting G with its Levi subgroups are described in terms of standard maps between affine Hecke algebras. These properties of semisimple types depend on their special intertwining properties which in turn imply strong bounds on the support of coefficient functions.

The rank 4 locus of a general skew-symmetric 7 × 7 matrix gives the Pfaffian variety in P20 which is not defined as a complete intersection. Intersecting this with a general P6 gives a Calabi–Yau manifold. An orbifold construction seems to give the 1-parameter mirror-family of this. However, corresponding to two points in the 1-parameter family of complex structures, both with maximally unipotent monodromy, are two different mirror-maps: one corresponding to the general Pfaffian section, the other to a general intersection of G(2,7) ⊂ P20 with a P13. Apparently, the Pfaffian and G(2,7) sections constitute different parts of the A-model (Kähler structure related) moduli space, and, thus, represent different parts of the same conformal field theory moduli space.

The main purpose of this paper is to give a topological and symplectic classification of completely integrable Hamiltonian systems in terms of characteristic classes and other local and global invariants.

We present geometric conditions on a metric space (Y,dY) ensuring that, almost surely, any isometric action on Y by Gromov’s expander-based random group has a common fixed point. These geometric conditions involve uniform convexity and the validity of nonlinear Poincaré inequalities, and they are stable under natural operations such as scaling, Gromov–Hausdorff limits, and Cartesian products. We use methods from metric embedding theory to establish the validity of these conditions for a variety of classes of metric spaces, thus establishing new fixed point results for actions of Gromov’s ‘wild groups’.

Let X be an algebraic variety over a base scheme S and ϕ:T→S a base change. Given an admissible subcategory 𝒜 in 𝒟b(X), the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves on X, we construct under some technical conditions an admissible subcategory 𝒜T in 𝒟b(X×ST), called the base change of 𝒜, in such a way that the following base change theorem holds: if a semiorthogonal decomposition of 𝒟b (X)is given, then the base changes of its components form a semiorthogonal decomposition of 𝒟b (X×ST) . As an intermediate step, we construct a compatible system of semiorthogonal decompositions of the unbounded derived category of quasicoherent sheaves on X and of the category of perfect complexes on X. As an application, we prove that the projection functors of a semiorthogonal decomposition are kernel functors.

We prove that the isomorphism class of an affine hyperbolic curve defined over a field finitely generated over ${\bb Q}$ is completely determined by its arithmetic fundamental group. We also prove a similar result for an affine curve defined over a finite field.

We define a theory of étale motives over a noetherian scheme. This provides a system of categories of complexes of motivic sheaves with integral coefficients which is closed under the six operations of Grothendieck. The rational part of these categories coincides with the triangulated categories of Beilinson motives (and is thus strongly related to algebraic $K$-theory). We extend the rigidity theorem of Suslin and Voevodsky over a general base scheme. This can be reformulated by saying that torsion étale motives essentially coincide with the usual complexes of torsion étale sheaves (at least if we restrict ourselves to torsion prime to the residue characteristics). As a consequence, we obtain the expected results of absolute purity, of finiteness, and of Grothendieck duality for étale motives with integral coefficients, by putting together their counterparts for Beilinson motives and for torsion étale sheaves. Following Thomason’s insights, this also provides a conceptual and convenient construction of the $\ell$-adic realization of motives, as the homotopy $\ell$-completion functor.

We prove that, for simple modules $M$ and $N$ over a quantum affine algebra, their tensor product $M\otimes N$ has a simple head and a simple socle if $M\otimes M$ is simple. A similar result is proved for the convolution product of simple modules over quiver Hecke algebras.

The partition algebra P(q) is a generalization both of the Brauer algebra and the Temperley–Lieb algebra for q-state n-site Potts models, underpining their transfer matrix formulation on the arbitrary transverse lattices. We prove that for arbitrary field k and any element q∈ k the partition algebra P(q) is always cellular in the sense of Graham and Lehrer. Thus the representation theory of P(q) can be determined by applying the developed general representation theory on cellular algebras and symmetric groups. Our result also provides an explicit structure of P(q) for arbitrary field and implies the well-known fact that the Brauer algebra D(q) and the Temperley–Lieb algebra TL(q) are cellular.

In this paper we give a re-normalization of the Reshetikhin–Turaev quantum invariants of links, using modified quantum dimensions. In the case of simple Lie algebras these modified quantum dimensions are proportional to the usual quantum dimensions. More interestingly, we give two examples where the usual quantum dimensions vanish but the modified quantum dimensions are non-zero and lead to non-trivial link invariants. The first of these examples is a class of invariants arising from Lie superalgebras previously defined by the first two authors. These link invariants are multivariable and generalize the multivariable Alexander polynomial. The second example is a hierarchy of link invariants arising from nilpotent representations of quantized at a root of unity. These invariants contain Kashaev’s quantum dilogarithm invariants of knots.

We classify del Pezzo surfaces with quotient singularities and Picard rank one which admit a ℚ-Gorenstein smoothing. These surfaces arise as singular fibres of del Pezzo fibrations in the 3-fold minimal model program and also in moduli problems.

We study the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem over finite extension fields. We show that for any sequences of prime powers (qi)i∈ℕ and natural numbers (ni)i∈ℕ with ni⟶∞ and ni/log (qi)⟶0 for i⟶∞, the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem restricted to curves over the fields 𝔽qnii can be solved in subexponential expected time (qnii)o(1). We also show that there exists a sequence of prime powers (qi)i∈ℕ such that the problem restricted to curves over 𝔽qi can be solved in an expected time of e𝒪(log (qi)2/3).

We give a general construction of correlation functions in rational conformal field theory on a possibly nonorientable surface with boundary in terms of three-dimensional topological field theory. The construction applies to any modular category in the sense of Turaev. It is proved that these correlation functions obey modular invariance and factorization rules. Structure constants are calculated and expressed in terms of the data of the modular category.

We study 2-representations of finitary 2-categories with involution and adjunctions by functors on module categories over finite-dimensional algebras. In particular, we define, construct and describe in detail (right) cell 2-representations inspired by Kazhdan–Lusztig cell modules for Hecke algebras. Under some natural assumptions we show that cell 2-representations are strongly simple and do not depend on the choice of a right cell inside a two-sided cell. This reproves and extends the uniqueness result on categorification of Kazhdan–Lusztig cell modules for Hecke algebras of type A from [V. Mazorchuk and C. Stroppel, Categorification of (induced) cell modules and the rough structure of generalised Verma modules, Adv. Math. 219 (2008), 1363–1426].

This is the second in a series of papers where we combine the classical approach to exponential Diophantine equations (linear forms in logarithms, Thue equations, etc.) with a modular approach based on some of the ideas of the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. In this paper we use a general and powerful new lower bound for linear forms in three logarithms, together with a combination of classical, elementary and substantially improved modular methods to solve completely the Lebesgue–Nagell equation x2 + D = yn, x, y integers, $n\geq 3$, for D in the range $1 \leq D \leq 100$.