It was not always clear that there could exist a continuous function which was differentiable at no point. (Such functions are now known as nowhere differentiable continuous functions. By “differentiable” we mean having a finite derivative.) In fact in 1806 M. Ampere [2] even tried to show that no such function could exist but his reasonings were later discovered to be fallacious. Of the early attempts at constructing a nowhere differentiable continuous function mention must be made of B. Bolzano. In a manuscript dated around 1830, (see [21]) he constructed a continuous function on an interval and showed that it was not differentiable on a dense set of points. (It was later shown by K. Rychlik [21] that this function was in fact nowhere differentiable.)

A natural approach to topology which emphasizes its geometric essence independent of the notion of points is given by the concept of frame (for instance [4], [8]). We consider this a good formalization of the intuitive perception of a space as given by the “places” of non-trivial extent with appropriate geometric relations between them. Viewed from this position, points are artefacts determined by collections of places which may in some sense by considered as collapsing or contracting; the precise meaning of the latter as well as possible notions of equivalence being largely arbitrary, one may indeed have different notions of point on the same “space”. Of course, the well-known notion of a point as a homomorphism into 2 evidently fits into this pattern by the familiar correspondence between these and the completely prime filters. For frames equipped with a diameter as considered in this paper, we introduce a natural alternative, the Cauchy points. These are the obvious counterparts, for metric locales, of equivalence classes of Cauchy sequences familiar from the classical description of completion of metric spaces: indeed they are decreasing sequences for which the diameters tend to zero, identified by a natural equivalence relation.

Shalika [6] proved the existence of germs (associated with a connected semi-simple algebraic group and a maximal torus over a non-archimedean local field), established many of their properties, and conjectured that the germ associated to the trivial unipotent class in GL(n) should be a constant. R. Howe and Harish-Chandra proved that it is a constant and J. Rogawski [5] proved that it had the value predicted previously by J. Shalika.

In the paper [6] we described in a precise fashion the notion of transfer of orbital integrals from a reductive group over a local field to an endoscopic group. We did not, however, prove the existence of the transfer. This remains, indeed, an unsolved problem, although in [7] we have reduced it to a local problem at the identity.

In the present paper we solve this local problem for two special cases, the group SL(3), which is not so interesting, and the group SU(3), and then conclude that transfer exists for any group of type A2.The methods are those of [4], and are based on techniques of Igusa for the study of the asymptotic behavior of integrals on p-adic manifolds. (As observed in [7], the existence of the transfer over archimedean fields is a result of earlier work by Shelstad.)

The Newton polygon and the Newton-Puiseux algorithm ([3], p. 370, [8], p. 98), and their generalizations, serve as a powerful tool for analysing the singularities of a given function. Yet experts know how difficult it is to keep track of them when one, or several, blowing-ups are applied. Thus many interesting theorems are stated under the strong, rather undesirable, assumption that the Newton faces are non-degenerate.

In this paper, we introduce a method which is parallel to the classical Newton-Puiseux theory, yet avoids blowing-ups and fractional power series, except in the proofs.

The main result of this paper concerns the eigenvalues of an operator in the Hilbert space l2that is represented by a matrix having zeros everywhere except in a neighborhood of the main diagonal. Write (c)+ for the positive part of a real number c, i.e., put (c+ = cif c≧ 0 and (c)+=0 otherwise. Then this result can be formulated as follows. Theorem 1.1. Let k ≧ 1 be an integer, and consider the operator S on l2 such that

We denote by E the open unit disc in C and by H(E) the class of all analytic functions f on E with f(0) = 0. Let (see [3] for more complete definitions)

S = {ƒ ∈ H(E)|ƒ is univalent on E}

S0 = {ƒ ∈ H(E)|ƒ is starlike univalent on E}

TR = {ƒ ∈ H(E)|ƒ is typically real on E}.

The uniform norm on (— 1, 1) of a function ƒ ∈ H(E) is defined by

Let I = [0,1] and let be the space of all integrable functions on I, where m denotes Lebesque measure on I. Let ∥ ∥1 be the ℒ-1-norm and let be a measurable, nonsingular transformation on I. Let denote the space of densities. The probability measure μ is invariant under τ if for all measurable sets A, The measure μ is absolutely continuous if there exists an such that for any measurable set A We refer to ƒ* as the invariant density of τ (with respect to m). It is well-known that ƒ * is a fixed point of the Frobenius-Perron operator defined by

Let an integral transform T﹛f﹜ of a complex valued function f(x) defined over the interval (0, ∞) be defined as One of the most usual procedures to extend the classical transform (l.a) to generalized functions consists in constructing a space A of testing functions over (0, ∞) which is closed with respect to the classical transform (l.a) and then the corresponding transform of the generalized function/ of the dual space of A is defined through

This approach has been followed by L. Schwartz [13] and A. H. Zemanian [20], amongst others.

By a symmetric integral is understood an integral obtained from some kind of symmetric derivation process. Such integrals arise most naturally in the study of trigonometric series and in particular to handle the following problem. Suppose that a trigonometric series

converges everywhere to a function À. It is known that this may occur without À being integrable in any of the more familiar senses so that the series may not be considered as a Fourier series of À; indeed Denjoy [4] has shown that if bnis a sequence of real numbers decreasing to zero but with

+00 then the function À(x) = is not Denjoy-integrable. It is natural to ask then for an integration procedure that can be applied to À in order that the series be the Fourier series of À with respect to this integral.

For an integer n > 1, the letters U and Bn denote the open unit disc in C and the open euclidean unit ball in Cn, respectively. It is known that the homogeneous polynomials

where bα is chosen so that , have the following pull-back property:

If g ∈ ℬ(U) the Block space, then , the space of hoiomorphic functions on Bn of bounded mean oscillation, forand.

In this paper, Köthe spaces of vector-valued functions are considered. These spaces, which are generalizations of both the Lebesgue-Bochner and Orlicz-Bochner spaces, have been studied by several people (e.g., see [1], [8]). Perhaps the earliest paper concerning the rotundity of such Köthe space is due to I. Halperin [8]. In his paper, Halperin proved that the function spaces E(X) is uniformly rotund exactly when both the Köthe space E and the Banach space X are uniformly rotund; this generalized the analogous result, due to M. M. Day [4], concerning Lebesgue-Bochner spaces. In [20], M. Smith and B. Turett showed that many properties akin to uniform rotundity lift from X to the Lebesgue-Bochner space LP(X) when 1 < p < ∞. A survey of rotundity notions in Lebesgue-Bochner function and sequence spaces can be found in [19].

Similar to the multiplication of square matrices one can define multiplications for three dimensional matrices, i.e., for the "cubes" of the vector space

where I denotes a finite set of indices and Kis any field. The multiplications shall imitate the matrix multiplication: To obtain the coefficient γxyzof the product (γxyz) — (αxyz)( βxyz),all coefficients axij, ij∈ I, of the horizontal plane with index xof (αxyz)are multiplied with certain coefficients βhgzof the vertical plane with index z of (βxyz)and the results are added:

Let G be the group of R-rational points on a reductive group defined over Q and T an arithmetic subgroup. The aim of this paper is to describe in some detail the Schwartz space (whose definition I recall in Section 1) and in particular to explain a decomposition of this space into constituents parametrized by the T-associate classes of rational parabolic subgroups of G. This is analogous to the more elementary of the two well known decompositions of L2 (T\G) in [20](or [17]), and a proof of something equivalent was first sketched by Langlands himself in correspondence with A. Borel in 1972. (Borel has given an account of this in [8].)Langlands’ letter was in response to a question posed by Borel concerning a decomposition of the cohomology of arithmetic groups, and the decomposition I obtain here was motivated by a similar question, which is dealt with at the end of the paper.

A finite projective plane of order n, with n > 0, is a collection of n2+ n + 1 lines and n2+ n + 1 points such that

1. every line contains n + 1 points,

2. every point is on n + 1 lines,

3. any two distinct lines intersect at exactly one point, and

4. any two distinct points lie on exactly one line.

It is known that a plane of order n exists if n is a prime power. The first value of n which is not a prime power is 6. Tarry [18] proved in 1900 that a pair of orthogonal latin squares of order 6 does not exist, which by Bose's 1938 result [3] implies that a projective plane of order 6 does not exist.

This paper has been motivated by earlier work of the first two authors (see [3] ), where distinct Nielsen classes of generating systems for a Fuchsian group have been established and, in the case of odd and pairwise relative prime exponents π(i),classified. As a consequence they could distinguish nonisotopic Heegaard decompositions of Seifert fibred 3-manifolds. In proving that these decompositions are actually non-homeomorphic (see [3], Section 2), they investigated the question whether the different Nielsen classes of generating systems for G remain distinct, if one passes over to the weaker notion of “Nielsen equivalence up to automorphisms” (see [12], p. 3.5, 4.11 a-c): this means that the automorphisms of G are added to the Nielsen equivalence relations on the generators.

Non-commutative measure theory embraces measure theory on cr-fields of subsets of a set, on projection lattices of von Neumann algebras or JBW-algebras and on hypergraphs alike [20], [27], [33], [37], [39], [40], [41]. Due to the unifying structure of an orthoalgebra concepts can easily be transferred from one branch to the other. Additional conceptual inpetus is obtained from the logico-probabilistic foundations of quantum mechanics (see [6], [19], [21]).

In the late seventies the author studied the Jordan-Hahn decomposition of measures on orthomodular posets and certain graphs. These investigations revealed an interesting geometrical aspect of this decomposition in that the Jordan-Hahn property of the convex set of probability charges on a finite orthomodular poset can be characterized in terms of the extreme points of the unit ball of the Banach space dual of the base normed space of Jordan charges.

This paper is concerned with the question of oscillation of the solutions of second order superlinear ordinary differential equations with alternating coefficients.

Consider the second order nonlinear ordinary differential equation

where a is a continuous function on the interval [t0, ∞), t0 > 0, and / is a continuous function on the real line R, which is continuously differentia t e , except possibly at 0, and satisfies.

This paper arises out of joint work with F. R. Cohen and F. P. Peterson [5, 2, 3] on the joint structure of infinite loop spaces QX. The homology of such a space is operated on by both the Dyer-Lashof algebra, R, and the opposite of the Steenrod algebra A∗. We describe a convenient summary of these actions; let M be the algebra which is R ⊗ A∗ as a vector space and where multiplication Q1 ⊗ PJ. Q1’ ⊗ PJ’∗ is given by applying the Nishida relations in the middle and then the appropriate Adem relations on the ends. Then M is a Hopf algebra which acts on the homology of infinite loop spaces.

Let X be a Banach space such that X* is a von Neumann algebra. We prove that X has the analytic Radon-Nikodym property (in short: ARNP). More precisely we show that for any function ƒ in H1(X) we have This implies the ARNP for X as well as for all the Banach spaces which are finitely representable in X. The proof uses a C*-algebraic formulation of the classical factorization theorems for matrix valued H1-functions. As a corollary we prove (for instance) that if A ⊂ B is a C*-subalgebra of a C*-algebra B, then every operator from A into H∞ extends to an operator from B into H∞ with the same norm. We include some remarks on the ARNP in connection with the complex interpolation method.