Let P be the set of primes, l ⊆ P a subset and l′ = P – l Recall that an H0-space is a space the rational cohomology of which is a free algebra.

Cassidy and Hilton defined and investigated l′-isolated homomorphisms between locally nilpotent groups. Zabrodsky [8] showed that if X and Y are simply connected H0-spaces either with a finite number of homotopy groups or with a finite number of homology groups, then every rational equivalence f : X → Y can be decomposed into an l-equivalence and an l′-equivalence.

In this paper we define and investigate l′-isolated maps between pointed spaces, which are of the homotopy type of path-connected nilpotent CW-complexes. Our definition of an l′-isolated map is analogous to the definition of an l′-isolated homomorphism. As every homomorphism can be decomposed into an l-isomorphism and an l′-isolated homomorphism, every map can be decomposed into an l-equivalence and an l′-isolated map.

Let V be a class of similar algebras. An algebra is V-injective provided and whenever and fis a one-to-one homomorphism from into and g is a homomorphism from into , then there is a homomorphism h from into such that h º f = g. So is injective provided all diagrams of the following sort can be completed.

Dually, is V-projective provided and whenever and f is a homomorphism from onto and g is a homomorphism from into , then there is a homomorphism h from into such that f º h = g. So is projective provided all diagrams of the following sort can be completed:

This usage of the words “projective” and “injective” differs somewhat from the usage current in category theory.

We are concerned in this paper with category-theoretic aspects of homotopy theory. Originally, category theory developed as a simplifying language in the context of algebraic topology and yet one primary example: the category Π of spaces and homotopy classes of maps admits only limited use of the language owing to the very sparse occurrence of limits. Of course, full use has been made of them nevertheless: limits and colimits exist in the case of products and coproducts, and in almost no other case; yet, from this we obtain the theory of Samelson products, Whitehead products, and Hopf invariants which can all be expressed in Π see [8]. In addition, there are hosts of adjoint functors and yet the outcome is disappointing because the language applies only to special cases rather than to the situation as a whole.

1. Introduction. K. Deleeuw and I. Glicksberg [4] proved that if S and T are commutative topological semigroups with identity, then the Bochner almost periodic compactification of S × T is the direct product of the Bochner almost periodic compactifications of S and T. In Section 3 we consider the semidirect product of two semi topological semigroups with identity and two unital C*-subalgebras and of W(S) and W(T) respectively, where W(S) is the weakly almost periodic functions on S. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions and for a semidirect product compactification of to exist such that this compactification is a semi topological semigroup and such that this compactification is a topological semigroup. Moreover, we obtain the largest such compactifications.

For T in our main Theorem 5, T* is called Lamperti in [11], whose terminology and notation we shall follow in the sequel. To avoid longish expressions, we shall also say that T* here is disjunctive and, dually, T = (T*)* is codisjunctive. The present work grows out of an attempt to establish a DEE for the general power bounded positive operator on Lp, in view of the success in the contraction case [1, 11], and forms a continuation of [11]. (In passing, we note that Calderon's technique [2] mentioned in [11] was anticipated in 1938 by M. Fukamiya [7], though in a variant form and for a more classical case, namely that of a positive Lp isometry induced by an invertible, measure preserving transformation on a totally finite measure space. Calderon's case does not assume invertibility nor total finiteness.)

The notion of proximity spaces was introduced by Efremovic in [2, 3]. An analysis of proximity spaces was carried out by Smirnov in [5].

The study of covering dimension of proximity spaces was originated by Smirnov in [6].

In this paper we introduce the concept of δ-large inductive dimension of proximity spaces and study some of its properties.

1. Definitions and basic concepts.

Definition 1. [5]A proximity space or (δ-space) is a pair (X, δ) where X is a set and δ is a mapping from 2X × 2X into the set {0, 1} satisfying the following axioms:

• 1. δ(A, B) = δ(B, A)∀ A, B ∊ 2X.

• 2. δ(A, B ∪ C) = δ(A, B) δ(A, C) ∀ A, B, C ∊ 2X

• 3. δ({x}, {y}) = 0 ⇔ x = y.

• 4. δ(X, ∅) = 1.

• 5. δ(A, B) = 1 ⇒ ∃ C, D ∊ 2X ∋ C ∪ D = X and δ(A, C) · δ(B, C) = 1.

Soient K un corps local, sa clôture algébrique, R, L, M trois corps tels K ⊂ R ⊂ L ⊂ et K ⊂ R ⊂ M ⊂ . Supposons que L et M soient linéairement disjoints sur R. Quel est le complété du corps LM (compositum de L et M) pour une norme de R-algèbre qui coïncide avec la valeur absolue sur L ∪ M? On sait que LM est isomorphe en tant que R-algèbre au produit tensoriel L ⨂RM et il est facile de montrer que la valeur absolue est la plus petite norme du type considéré ci-dessus et que la norme tensorielle en est la plus grande. C'est pourquoi nous étudions d'abord le complété de L ⊗RM pour la norme tensorielle. Citons dans ce cas les résultats essentiels lorsque la caractéristique de K est nulle.

1. Introduction. Let P be a polyhedron (i.e., a 3-dimensional polytope). A path in P is defined as a sequence of edges (x1, x2), …, (xi−1, xi), (xi, xi−1), …, (xn−1, xn) where (xi, xi+1) denotes the edge with endpoints Xi and Xi+1. Define the length |A| of a path A to be the number of edges of said path. The distance between any two vertices x and y of P is defined to be the least length of all paths of P between x and y. For the purposes of this paper, if x and y lie on a particular path A, the distance between x and y along A will be defined to be the length of the segment of A between x and y. The radius of P is defined to be the smallest integer r for which there exists a vertex v of P such that the distance from v to any other vertex of P is at most r.

In recent years the harmonic analysis of n-fold (n > 2) metaplectic coverings of GL2 has played an increasingly important role in certain aspects of algebraic number theory. In large part this has been inspired by the pioneering work of Kubota (see [3] for example); as an application one could cite the solution by Heath-Brown and Patterson [3] to a question of Kummer's on the distribution of the arguments of cubic Gauss sums. In that paper, Eisenstein series on the 3-fold metaplectic cover of GL2(A) play a crucial role.

The object of this note is to point out that the theory of Eisenstein series can be made to work for a wide class of finite central coverings. Indeed, once the assumptions are made, the usual theory carries over readily, and one obtains a spectral decomposition of the appropriate L2-space of functions; this is done in Section 2 of this paper.

Since Tutte initiated the systematic enumeration of planar maps [11], most of the literature on the subject has dealt with rooted maps (i.e., with maps whose automophism group has been trivialized by distinguishing a doubly-oriented edge). In particular, Tutte proved [11] that the number B′(n) of rooted planar 2-connected (i.e., non-separable) maps with n ≧ 1 edges is expressed by the formula

Recently one of the authors developed a general technique for enumerating unrooted planar maps considered up to orientationpreserving isomorphisms (see [6] and [8]). This technique, which is based on combinatorial map theory, Burnside’s lemma [3, p. 181] and the concept of a quotient map (see Section 1.4), was used to find, with little algebraic manipulation, simple counting formulae for the numbers of non-isomorphic planar maps of several types [7].

It is now customary to give concrete descriptions of the exceptional simple Lie groups of type G2 as groups of automorphisms of the Cayley algebras. There is, however, a more elementary description. Let W be a complex 7-dimensional vector space. Among the alternating 3-forms on W there is a connected dense open subset Ψ(W) of “maximal” forms. If ψ ∈ Ψ(W) then the subgroup of AUTC(W) consisting of the invertible complex-linear transformations S such that ψ(S•, S•, S•) = ψ(•, •, •) is denoted G(ψ), and, in Proposition 3.6. we prove

where G1(ψ) is identified with the exceptional simple complex Lie group of dimension 14. Thus the complex Lie algebra of type G2 is defined in terms of the alternating 3-form ψ alone without the need to specify an invariant quadratic form. In the real case the result is more striking.

A classical question in algebraic geometry is whether a given projection of a projective space induces an isomorphism on a given closed subvariety. To answer it, one investigates secant lines to the subvariety. There has been a lot of recent activity in this field ([12], [14],[18], [21], [23]): see [14] and [12] for references).

An obvious generalization of the secant lines is provided by the secant r-planes, which intersect a given closed subvariety in r + 1 linearly independent points. The closure of the set of these secant r-planes is the secant variety, and the aim of this paper is to determine its rational equivalence class in the case of curves. There is an extensive classical literature about this problem.

For nonlinear equations of the form

I

there has been considerable interest in determining the asymptotic forms of nonoscillatory solutions. We assume r(t) is continuous and positive on [0, ∞), and f(t, x) is continuous on [0, ∞) × R, and f(t, x) ≥ 0 for x ≠ 0. For n = 2, equation (I) was studied by Kusano and Naito [3], who found necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of minimal and maximal nonoscillatory solutions. The former are the bounded solutions, while the later are those asymptotic to the function

1.1

Their method consisted of writing (I) in the form of an integral operator and applying the Schauder fixed point theorem. For arbitrary n, but for r(t) = 1, Kreith [2] found necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of maximal solutions.

Proximity spaces and contiguity spaces, and more recently nearness spaces, have been studied not just because they provide various approaches to uniform structure. Possibly of greater importance is that they can be used as a means of introducing compactifications and more general extensions of the topological spaces on which they are defined. Riesz [20] was probably the first to recognize this connection. Since then the idea was used by Freudenthal [9], Alexandroff [1], Smirnov [21], Leader [17] and Ivanov and Ivanova [13, 14, 15] among others.

Recently Reed [19] using work of Bentley [2, 4] and Herrlich [11, 12] studied the 1 – 1 correspondence between the class of all cluster generated nearness spaces and the class all principal T1-extensions of a given T1-space. She succeeded in showing that the mapping induces a 1 – 1 correspondence between the contingual nearness spaces in and the compactifications in .

Unless otherwise specified, all spaces considered here are regular T1-spaces. A space X is called σ-discrete if X is the union of a countable family of discrete subspaces. Arhangel'skii [2] showed that the class of spaces which contain dense σ-discrete subspaces is productive. The fact that the class of spaces which contain dense subspaces of countable pseudocharacter is productive is obtained by Amirdzanov [1]. On the other hand, the class of spaces which contain metrizable spaces as dense subspaces is obviously not productive. As a generalized concept of metrizable spaces there is the concept of σ-spaces [14]. This class of spaces has many similar properties to the class of metrizable spaces. However we will point out a remarkable difference between the class of metrizable spaces and the class of σ-spaces by showing that the class of spaces which contain σ-spaces as dense subspaces is productive.

1. Introduction. M. Cohen [1] denned a polyhedron K to be n-collapsible if K × In PL collapses. He proved that any spine of the cube B3 is 3-collapsible. This was a step directed toward the Zeeman Conjecture [4], which asserts that every compact contractible 2-polyhedron is 1-collapsible. In this paper we improve the result of Cohen by one dimension (Theorem 3): Any spine of the cube is 2-collapsible. The central question of 1-collapsibility remains unanswered.

Gillman and Rolfsen [3] have shown that any standard spine of the cube is 1-collapsible. Conjecture: If K is any spine of the cube, then K × I collapses to a standard spine of the cube. This would imply our main theorem. Lacking a proof of this conjecture, we must resort to an argument independent of [3].

THEOREM 1. Let A1, A2, …, Anbe a finite collection of pairwise disjoint contractible PL subsets of the cube. Then the decomposition obtained by shrinking each Ai to a point is 1-collapsible.

Let PR(X) denote the Pixley-Roy topology on the collection of all nonempty, finite subsets of a space X. For each cardinal κ, let κ* be the cardinal κ with the co-finite topology. We use PR(κ*) to obtain a partial solution in ZFC to F. Tall's question whether every normal, locally compact, metacompact space is paracompact [6]. W.S. Watson has answered this question affirmatively assuming V = L[7]. The question also has an affirmative answer if we assume either that the space is perfectly normal [1] or that it is locally connected [4].

A space X is said to be boundedly metacompact (boundedly paracompact) provided that for each open cover of X there is a positive integer n such that has a point finite (locally finite) open refinement of order n. As the main result of this paper, we show every normal, locally compact, boundedly metacompact space is paracompact.

1.1. Over the past 15 years there has grown up quite an extensive theory of operator norms related to the numerical radius

1

of a Hilbert space operator T. Among the many interesting developments, we may mention:

(a) C. Berger's proof of the “power inequality”

2

(b) R. Bouldin's result that

3

for any isometry V commuting with T;

(c) the unification by B. Sz.-Nagy and C. Foias, in their theory of ρ-dilations, of the Berger dilation for T with w(T) ≤ 1 and the earlier theory of strong unitary dilations (Nagy-dilations) for norm contractions;

(d) the result by T. Ando and K. Nishio that the operator radii wρ(T) corresponding to the ρ-dilations of (c) are log-convex functions of ρ.

In [11] it is shown that the deficiency of a translation experiment with respect to another on a σ-finite, amenable, locally compact group can be calculated in terms of probability measures on the group. This interesting result, brought to the writer's notice by [1], does not seem to be as wellknown in the theory of amenable groups as it should be. The present note presents a simple proof of the result, removing the σ-finiteness condition and repairing a gap in Torgersen's argument. The main novelty is the use of Wendel's multiplier theorem to replace Torgersen's approach which is based on disintegration of a bounded linear operator from L1(G) into C(G)* for G σ-finite (cf. [5], VI.8.6). The writer claims no particular competence in mathematical statistics, but hopes that the discussion of the above result from the “harmonic analysis” perspective may prove illuminating.

We then investigate a similar issue for discrete semigroups. A set of transition operators, which reduce to multipliers in the group case, is introduced, and a semigroup version of Torgersen's theorem is established.

The major results in this paper are nine characterizations of completely regular spaces with a unique compatible uniformity. All prior results of this type assumed that the space is Tychonoff (i.e., completely regular and Hausdorff) until the appearance of a companion paper [9] which began this study. The more important characterizations use quasi-uniqueness of R1-compactifications which relate to uniqueness of T2-comPactifications. The features of the other characterizations are: (i) compact subsets linked to Cauchy filters, (ii) C- and C*-embeddings, and (iii) lifting continuous maps to uniformly continuous maps.

Section 2 contains information on T0-identification spaces which we will use later in the paper. In Section 3 several properties of uniform identification spaces are developed so that they can be used later. The nine characterizations are established in Section 4. Also it is shown that a space with a unique compatible uniformity is normal if and only if each of its closed subspaces has a unique compatible uniformity.