One of the outstanding problems now involving North American Trichoptera is that about 80% of the species are still totally unknown in the immature stages. As in many other insect groups, most initial work has been concerned with species differentiation, classification and distribution, and has dealt largely with adults. There are now about 1000 species of caddisflies known from Canada and the United States, but larvae, the best known of the immature stages, have been described for only about 190 of them. Lack of information concerning larvae is especially conspicnous in the Limnephilidae, our largest family, where this stage is known in only about one-half of the genera. Although inadequate knowledge about the immature stages of insects is not uncommon there are, for the study of Trichoptera, several reasons why much could be gained by overcoming it.

The larvæ of this Noctuid moth were again found at Ottawa the past season, in beds of Irises, on the grounds of the Central Experimental Farm. They were not, however, at all numerous, and did not do any appreciable harm this years. Two larvæ were collected on July 28, one of which was inflated; the other pupated on Aug. 1, the moth emerging on Sept. 7. Another larva was found on Aug. 4, the moth appearing on Sept. 15. The pupa of the former specimen was much larger than any of those obtained in 1903, an account of which appeared in the last Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario. This pupa measured 30 mm. in length and 7.5 in width.

Several instances a disastrous and even fatal effects to valuable pearorchards from being attacked by the Psylla have come under my observation, as well as entirely satisfactory results from treating the trees.

The life-history and habits of injurious insects must be accurately determined before we can know just how to deal with them. A knowledge of the habits of such insects will also often enable the farmer to so manage his land crops that the insects are placed under unfavourable and even destructive conditions.

After a journey of ten miles over snow and snowbanks from four to eight feet deep, I arrived in the latter part of June, on my summer and fall collecting ground on the Fuloumne Meadows, which lie on the edge of the area wherein the high Sierra species of Lepidoptera are most numerous. The Paranassius was one of the first I began to collect, as the butterflies had just commenced to issue, and were flying in the grassy and shaded timber-covered portions of a rocky side hill slope.

In the Annales of the Belgain Entomological Society (Vol. 50, pp. 30–6, Feb. 2, 1906). my friend Mr. Schouteden has added a considerable number of genera and species to my list, extending it to 1906.

The number of omissions, even before 1905, is so large, comparatively that it demands some explanation from me.

The fact that the petiole of the nest of P. annularis is thickened from time to time as the weight of the nest increases shows that the wasps can adapt their behavior to the needs of the day, even though their chain of work is interrupted. The first part of the nest to be made is the petiole; this is made by the queen long before the first workers emerge.

Ixodes signatus Birula, 1895, pp. 357-358, Pl. 1, Figs. 10-13.

Ixodes arcticus Osborn, 1899, p. 553. Synonym, fide Cooley and Kohls, 1945, p. 201.

Ixodes parvirostris Neumann, 1901, p. 284. Synonym, fide Banks, 1908, p. 21, and Nuttall et al., 1911, p. 261.

Ixodes eudyptidis var. signata [Birula], Neumann, 1904, p. 451. Synonym, fide Nuttall et al., 1911, p. 261.

Ceratixodes signatus (Birula), Banks, 1908, p. 21, Pl. II, Figs. 1-3.

Fore wings pale carneous brown shaded with dusky; terminal space more blackish. Median lines fine, black, approximate, angulate. A curved sub-basal shade on internal margin. Reniform narrow, outwardly curved or oblique, white and contrasting, set in a dark suffusion of the disc. Subterminal line even, with a costal angulation. A fine dark terminal line at base of concolorous fringes. Hind wings pale, shining with traces of median shades and the fringes slightly carneous ; abdomen concolorous with hind wings.

This investigation was concerned with fauna above and within the litter, fermentation, and humus layers of the soil in a mature stand of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.). The following six microsites were designated for sampling: "open" and "closed" hollows, flats, and hummocks. "Open" and "closed" referred to the space among the tree crowns directly above the microsites. Three sampling techniques, namely core samplers, pitfalls and Tullgren funnels, were employed. Samples were collected weekly from spring to winter in 1966 and 1967 by all methods except that in 1966 Tullgren funnel samples were collectell biweekly. Collected fauna comprised five Phyla, 11 classes, 28 orders, and approximately 124 families. The transformed core sample and Tullgren funnel data were analyzed using an ANOVA (2-way classification) procedure. Transformed pitfall data required an ANOVA (2-way classification, with sampling) procedure. The core sample and Tullgren funnel methods indicated a significant difference (α = 0.10) among microsites based on total weekly (or biweekly) faunal catches in all but one case (which approached significance). In 1966 there were no significant differences (α = 0.10) among the pitfall microsites but in 1967 there were. In all cases there were significant differences (α = 0.10) in the total weekly or biweekly catches of fauna from the various microsites.

The above-mentioned families of carnivorous water beetles are taken up here by request of the Editor and Committee, because of the great difficulty most students of Coleoptera, especially if they are beginners, find in identifying any of their captures in these groups, or even in separating the species with approximate accuracy. It is to be feared that with marry it will prove difficult to follow the tables herewith presented; but they have been made as plain as circumstances will allow, and care has been taken to follow the best authorities in the selection of characters supposed to mark the respective species, so that by diligent attention to details the user of the paper may hope to co-relate his collcction with our lists.

Odontoxiphidium, gen. nov.—Allied to Ziphidium, from which it is probably derived. Distinguished from that genus by the form of the anal cerci of the male, which are elongate, straight, with the lateral tooth reduced in size, and an additional tooth upon the dorsal side near the base; and, in the type, by the form of the pronotum, which is sub-sellate and prolonged backward, covering the base of the abdomen both above and on the sides, in correlation with the absence of flight-organs. The type is O. apterum, described below.

This paper is not by any means intended to be a full treatment of the species of the genus Apantesis, occurring in Canada. There is so much yet to be learned about many of the forms that the preparation of such an article is still quite impossible. The intention, therefore, is merely to present the rather incomplete notes we have made at Ottawa, with the hope that they may be of some use to students who are, or who may become, interested in these insects, and also that it may be seen at a glance what work has been done on some of the species, as well as what is still lacking with regard to others. There is considerable doubt as to the validity of some of the species of this genus, and these doubts as to the validity of some of the species of this genus, and these doubts can only be dispelled by careful and extensive breeding from the egg, taking accurate notes of the larvæ (in their different stages), the pupæ, etc. Large series of many of the so-called species will have to be bred before definite knowledge can be acquired.

In a short paper publihsed in the Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., Vol. XIII., on the occurrence, in a single restirced locality in Arizona, of a species of Micropeza, I gave a very brief resumé of the food-habits of some of the better known families of Acalyptrate, Muscidæ, with the view of suggesting the possible habit of the species there considered. This prompted me later to bring together all avialble notes on the subject. As these small flies are of much economic importance, both as being injurious and benefical, I have left that a quite compelte summary of their larval food-habits would be of much use to the working entomologist, besides being of no little importance to those who may be making a special study of the diptera.