A new species of leafhopper, Draeculacephala robinsoni, very similar to D. portola Ball, has been examined and found to be distinct from that species, on the bases of internal male genitalia and vertex angle.

Insects are usually considered to be excluded from the marine environment. A small number of species, however, are considered to be marine, due to spending some portion of their life cycle in salt water. We use natural history collection specimens, in-field observations, and molecular analysis to generate new locale records and natural history data for seven insect species. All seven species are associated with barnacles (Balanomorpha: Balanidae, Chthamalidae) along the Pacific coast of Canada, the United States of America, or Japan. Use of DNA barcode analysis confirms the monophyly of three species of Oedoparena (Diptera: Dryomyzidae). Natural history collection specimens expand the geographical range and illuminate the phenology of Oedoparena spp. In-field observations record direct associations between three species of Thalassosmittia (Diptera: Chironomidae), Diaulota densissima (Casey) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and intertidal barnacles from various locations in British Columbia, Canada. Barnacle host associations and microhabitat preferences are proposed for all species. A new definition of what constitutes a marine insect is offered.

Volume 98, 1966

Page 1277, second line from bottom of page for duct read diverticulum.

The insect-catching powers of those curious plants, the Fly-traps (Dionæ), the Sun-dews (Drosera) and the Trumpet-leaves (Sarracenia) have always attracted the attention of the curious, but renewed interest has been alvakened in them by virtue of the interesting experiments and observations on their structure, habit and function, that have lately been recorded, and especially by the summing up of these observations in some charming papers by Prof. Asa Gray, which recently appeared in The Nation and The New York Tribune, under the title of “Insectivorous Plants.”

The following report deals with three apparently undescribed species of Macrosiphina collected upon Lonicera and Geranium in the Logan Canyon-Beaver Creek areas of northern Utah and just over the state line into Idaho.

2. Argynnis Oweni, n. sp.

Male—Expands 2.25 inches.

Upper dull side red-fulvous, not much obscured by brown at base; the markings rather heavy, the two marginal lines on both wings more or less confluent. Under side of primaries either yellow-buff from base to the row of ronded spots, the nervules being red-brown, or the interspaces are very ligtly washed with this colour over the buff ground; the subapical patch dark brown with a small imperfectly silvered spot; the five submarginal spots also are of same character; sometimes the silver is wholly wanting.

The present paper brings together the latest knowledge on the species of Mecormmu known to occur in the Nearctic region. Study of the genitalia, external structures, and distribution, show that species vary considerably in structure and colour, and these variations have contributed in the past to the confusion in naming the species of Mecomma. Lack of specimens in collections has also hindered the study of this group and it is only within the last few years that large collections made in Canada and the United States have helped to solve somc of the problems.

The western hemlock sawfly, Neodiprion tsugae Middleron, first came to our notice from the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. In 1931, reports of the dying of hemlocks over large areas came from rangers and timber operators of this region. A survey conducted by Mr. W. G. Mathers of the Dominion Entomological Branch, in September and October of that year, indicated that the injury extended over approximately forty square miles. In 1932, the outbreak showed definite signs of subsiding, and had practically disappeared by 1933, although many trees were killed during the peak year of 1931, indicating that this is a primary enemy of western hemlock, and that outbreaks may be expected from time to time in the Pacific Northwest.

Only two species of Corixidae, commonly known as water boatmen, are known to occur in both the Old and New Worlds. One of these is Callicorixa producta Reuter, which Hungerford (1948) has divided into three subspecies. On the basis of existing records the typical subspecies is restricted to the Scandinavian peninsula and Finland. The second subspecies, producta sackalinensis (Matsumura), is so far known only from northern Manchuria and Sakhalin Island. The third subspecies, producta noorvikensis Hungerford, appears to straddle the Rering Sea, specimens being recorded from near Kolyma River in Siberia and from Bering Island in the Komandorskies east across Alaska and Northwest Territories to Hudson Bay.

Leafhoppers of the genera Orocastus and Auridius are locally abundant in grassland regions in Western Canada. They are small insects, the males golden yellow and the females stramineous in colour. The two genera are distinguished from each other by characters of the internal male genitalia. The species are distinguished primarily by these characters and by the form of the seventh sternite of the female. There has been some confusion between the species, partly because the sexes were wrongly associated by some authors and partly because the extent of the individual variation was not appreciated fully. The following are descriptions and illustrations of the distinctive character; of the four species found in Canada, with notes on the distributions and variation. One species new to science is described and one species is reduced to synonymy.

A survey of larval and pupal populations of the spruce bud moth, Zeiraphera canadensis Mutuura and Freeman (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), conducted from 1994 to 1996 in eastern Newfoundland, disclosed that the incidence of endemic parasitism by Hymenoptera was up to 50% for Tycherus osculator (Thünberg) (Ichneumonidae), up to 15% for Earinus zeirapherae (Walley), under 3% for Ascogaster (Wesmael 1835) sp. and Clinocentrus (Haliday 1833) sp. (Braconidae), and under 1% for Lamachus (Foerster 1868) sp. and Triclistus (Foerster 1868) sp. (Ichneumonidae). Tycherus osculator, E. zeirapherae, Ascogaster sp., and Clinocentrus sp. represent new distributional range extensions to Newfoundland, and to the nearctic region in the case of T. osculator. The biology of European populations of T. osculator was studied on a natural host, Zeiraphera diniana (Guenée). Only females overwintered and ovarian maturation did not occur until after several months of exposure to near-freezing temperatures. Tycherus osculator successfully parasitized prepupae and pupae of Z. diniana of all ages but, in the laboratory, appeared to prefer pupae. Host feeding by T. osculator was common but not necessary for ovarian maturation. Tycherus osculator imported from Europe attacked and successfully developed within the spruce bud moth host in laboratory screenings. Morphological comparisons indicated that T. osculator reared from Z. canadensis were smaller than those reared from Z. diniana. Tycherus osculator obtained from either Newfoundland or Europe may have potential as a biological control of Z. canadensis in mainland Canada, where it is presently absent.

The San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), was killed on harvested apples by fumigation with 32 g/m3 of methyl bromide for 2 hours followed by standard cold storage for about a month. Fumigation, without storage, did not kill all the scale.

There seems to be only one report of the aphid Myzus certus (Wlk.) transmitting a virus, bean yellow mosaic virus (Swenson, 1957). It is therefore noteworthy that M. certus transmits potato virus Y as readily as does Myzus persicae (Sulz.), until now the most efficient vector known for virus Y. In one experiment that showed this, the numbers of single aphids out of 50 that transmitted virus Y were 27 and 28 respectively. Briefly the experiment was as follows: M. certus was reared on pansy (Viola tricolor) and M. persicae on rape (Brassica napus); the strain of virus Y was the one that has been used at our laboratory for aphid transmission studies during the past ten years; single adult apterae or late instar nymphs each probed once for less than a minute into an infected tobacco plant and then fed overnight on a young healthy tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum var. White Burley).

Two orders of insects, Lepidoptera and Diptera, are responsible for most of the seed destruction in shortleaf pine in the Georgia Piedmont. The phycitids Dioryctria amatella (Hulst), D. zimmermani (Groté), and D. clarioralis (Walker) were found in approximately equal numbers. A gelechiid, Battaristis vitella (Bsk.), was commonly found in dried cones. Three genera of cecidomyiids, Hyperdiplosis, Lestodiplosis, and Mycodiplosis, were found to inhabit cones and cause considerable damage.

An inquiline nitidulid, Coleopterus truncatus (Rand), commonly occurs in Dioryctria-damaged cones.

There has been much confusion between the North American species of leafhoppers of the genus Streptanus Ribaut, partly because the species are so closely related and partly because the extent of the variation in markings and wing length was not fully appreciated. Four species have been found in North America, of which three hwe been recorded previously. The four are conspecific with species described from Europe, and the specific names that have been applied to North American species must be reduced to synonymy.

A new genus Scalponotatus is described, with nine new species from North America: maturus from Arizona and California, and albicornis, albipes, capitatus, chillcotti, howdeni, insignis, mexicanus, and mimosus from Durango, Mexico. Strongylocoris albibasis Knight is placed in this genus (n. comb.). A key is provided and male genitalia of all the species are illustrated.