Let b and c be bases of a matroid. Then for any integer r, there exists an injection σ from r−subsets I of b to r-subsets σ(I) of c such that b – I + σ(I) is a base for all I. This result has implications for the structure of matroid base graphs.

A review is presented of some recent advances in variational and numerical methods for symmetric matrix pencils λA – B in which A is nonsingular, A and B are hermitian, but neither is definite. The topics covered include minimax and maximin characterisations of eigenvalues, perturbation by semidefinite matrices and interlacing properties of real eigenvalues, Rayleigh quotient algorithms and their convergence properties, Rayleigh-Ritz methods employing Krylov subspaces, and a generalised Lanczos algorithm.

An axiomatic approach to relativity theory is proposed which is based entirely on a single reflexive relation called signalling. This generalises and simplifies earlier schemes of Kronheimer and Penrose and of Carter which are based on causality relations. Many of the features of space-times, such as photon paths and topology, have their counterparts in general signal spaces.

Suppose F: (Cn+1 × Cp, 0) → (C, 0) is a germ of a holomorphic function, and (S, 0) ⊂ (Cn+1, 0) is a germ of some hypersurface in (Cn+1, 0). The quasicaustic Q(F) of F is defined as Q(F) = {a ∈ Cp; F(•, a) has a critical point on S}. We investigate the structure of quasicaustics corresponding to boundary singularities. The procedure for calculating the modules of logarithmic vector fields is given. The minimal set of generators for the Whitney's cross-cap singular variety is explicitly calculated.

Using a slight generalisation of Brown's inequality, we show that for martingales the existence of a weak nonuniform bound on the rate of convergence in the central limit theorem yields the usual upper bound part of the law of the iterated logarithm.

A permutation group is highly transitive if it is n–transitive for every positive integer n. A group G of order-preserving permutations of the rational line Q is highly order-transitive if for every α1 < … < αn and β1 < … < βn in Q there exists g ∈ G such that αig = βi, i = 1, …, n. The free group Fn(2 ≤ η ≤ אo) can be faithfully represented as a highly order-transitive group of order-preserving permutations of Q, and also (reproving a theorem of McDonough) as a highly transitive group on the natural numbers N. If G and H are nontrivial countable groups having faithful representations as groups of order-preserving permutations of Q, then their free product G * H has such a representation which in addition is highly order-transitive. If G and H are nontrivial finite or countable groups and if H has an element of infinite order, then G * H can be faithfully represented as a highly transitive group on N. Some of the representations of Fη on Q can be extended to faithful representations of the free lattice-ordered group Lη.

This paper presents an algorithm, motivated by Morse Theory, for the topological configuration of the components of a real algebraic curve {f(x, y) = 0}. The running time of the algorithm is O(n12 (d + log n)2 log n), where n, d are the degree and maximum coefficient size of f(x, y).

In this paper using δ-quasi-monotone sequences a theorem on summability factors of infinite series, which generalises a theorem of Mazhar [7] on |C, 1|k summability factors of infinite series, is proved. Also we apply the theorem to Fourier series.

Modifying the concept underlying Daneš' drop theorem, Rolewicz introduced the notion of the drop property of a norm which was later generalised to the weak drop property of a norm. Kutzarova extended the discussion to consider the drop property for closed bounded convex sets. Here we characterise the drop and weak drop properties for such sets by upper semi-continuous and compact valued subdifferential mappings.

We give a formula for the Euler-Poincare characteristic of the fixed point set of the Cartan involution on the set of integral equivalence classes of integral unimodular hermitian forms, in terms of a product of special values of Riemann zeta functions and Dirichlet L-functions. This is done via reduction by Galois cohomology to a volume computation using the Tamagawa measure on the unitary groups.

The discrete time scale Liapunov theory is extended to time dependent, higher order, nonlinear difference equations in a partially ordered topological space. The monotone convergence of the solution is examined and the speed of convergence is estimated.

Our main result is that if G(x1, …, xn) = 0 is a system of homogeneous equations such that for every partition of the positive integers into finitely many classes there are distinct y1,…, yn in one class such that G(y1, …, yn) = 0, then, for every partition of the positive integers into finitely many classes there are distinct Z1, …, Zn in one class such that

In particular, we show that if the positive integers are split into r classes, then for every n ≥ 2 there are distinct positive integers x1, x1, …, xn in one class such that

We also show that if [1, n6 − (n2 − n)2] is partitioned into two classes, then some class contains x0, x1, …, xn such that

(Here, x0, x2, …, xn are not necessarily distinct.)

In this paper we examine a Lagrange optimal control problem driven by a nonlinear evolution equation involving a nonmonotone, state dependent perturbation term. For this problem we establish the existence of optimal admissible pairs. For the same system we also examine a time optimal control problem involving a moving target set. Finally we work out in detail an example of a strongly nonlinear parabolic distributed parameter system.

We give a general result for the lower bound of the volume of a compact convex set K in Ed in terms of the volumes of orthogonal sections of K.

A module RM is said to be retractable if HomR (M, U) ≠ 0 for each nonzero submodule U of M. M is said to be a CS module if every complement submodule of M is a direct summand in M. Retractable modules are compared to nondegenerate modules on the one hand and to e–retractable modules on the other (nondegenerate implies retractable implies e–retractable); and it is shown that if M is nonsingular and retractable, then EndRM is a left CS ring if and only if M is a CS module.

Banach space embeddings of the Orlicz space Lp + Lq and the Lorentz space Lp, q into the Lebesgue-Bochner space Lr(ls) are demonstrated for appropriate ranges of the parameters.

We show that any hyperbolic flow (X, π) on a metric space X is topologically stable by showing that it is expansive and has the chain-tracing property.

We give holomorphic differentials of some algebraic function field K of complex dimension one which is a generalisation of a hyperelliptic field.

Jakóbczak and Mazur found the L2-angle between two concentric rings on the complex plane. In this note we investigate the same case but for spaces of square integrable functions with various weights. Moreover the continuity of the L2-angle for the Fock space is examined.

An estimate is obtained on the Hausdorff and fractal dimensions of global attractors of semilinear partial differential equations with delay: ẋ(t) = Ax(t) + f(xt). The method employed is to associate such an equation with a nonlinear semigroup on a product space and then appeal to the upper estimate due to Constantin, Foias and Teman on topological dimensions of global attractors for general nonlinear dynamical systems.