Motivated by the Bruhat and Cartan decompositions of general linear groups over local fields, we enumerate double cosets of the group of label-preserving automorphisms of a label-regular tree over the fixator of an end of the tree and over maximal compact open subgroups. This enumeration is used to show that every continuous homomorphism from the automorphism group of a label-regular tree has closed range.

A group A is said to be SQ-universal if every countable group is embeddable in some quotient of A. It is well-known that the number of non-isomorphic factor groups of a countable sp-universal group B is the power of the continuum. Since B has such an abundance of non-isomorphic quotients it is natural to ask what types of quotients B must have and what types B need not have. This note is concerned with these questions.

In Theorem 3.5 ([1], p. 407), we need the base space X to be compact Hausdorff, so that it has a finite partition of unity.

Since the author's article “A unified treatment of transfinite constructions …”, in Volume 22 (198O) of this Bulletin, had an encyclopaedic goal, he now takes the opportunity to answer two further questions raised since that article was submitted. The lesser of these asks whether the only pointed endofunctors for which every action is an isomorphism are the well-pointed ones, at least when the endofunctor is cocontinuous; a counter-example provides a negative answer. The more important question concerns the reflexion from the comma-category T/A into the category of algebras for the pointed endofunctor T of A, and the algebra-reflexion sequence which converges to this reflexion; and asks for simplified descriptions in the special case where T is cocontinuous. We give closed formulas in this case, both for the reflexion and for the sequence which converges to it. The reader may wonder why we care about the approximating sequence when we have a closed formula for the reflexion; the answer is that, in certain applications, we need to separate the roles of finite colimits and filtered ones.

The asymptotic expansion of an integral of the type , is derived in terms of the large parameter t. Functions Φ(k) and ψ(k) are assumed analytic, and ψ(k) may have zeros at a stationary phase point. The usual one dimensional stationary phase and Airy integral terms are found as special cases of a more general result. The result is used to find the leading term of the asymptotic expansion of the double integral. A particular two dimensional Φ(k) relevant to surface water wave problems is considered in detail, and the order of magnitude of the integral is shown to depend on the nature of ψ(k) at the stationary phase point.

The main result of this paper is that there exist non-principal left ideals in a certain twisted group algebra A of the infinite dihedral group ≤ a, b | b−1ab = a−1, b2 = 1 ≥ over the field R of real numbers: namely in the A defined by b−l ab = a−1, b2 = −1, and λa = aλ, λb = bλ for all real λ.

The motivation comes from the study (in a series of papers by Berman and the author) of finitely generated torsion-free RG-modules for groups G which have an infinite cyclic subgroup of finite index. In a sense, this amounts to studying modules over (full matrix algebras over) a finite set of R-algebras [namely, for the groups in question, these algebras take on the role played by R, C and H (the real quaternions) in the theory of real representations of finite groups]. For all but two algebras in that finite set, satisfying results have been obtained by exploiting the fact that each of them is either a ring with zero divisors or a principal left ideal ring. The other two are known to have no zero divisors. One of them is the present A. The point of the main result is that new ideas will be needed for understanding A-modules.

A number of subsidiary results are concerned with convenient generating sets for left ideals in A.

The $\chi $ -stability index $\mathrm {es}_{\chi }(G)$ of a graph G is the minimum number of its edges whose removal results in a graph with chromatic number smaller than that of G. We consider three open problems from Akbari et al. [‘Nordhaus–Gaddum and other bounds for the chromatic edge-stability number’, European J. Combin. 84 (2020), Article no. 103042]. We show by examples that a known characterisation of k-regular ( $k\le 5$ ) graphs G with $\mathrm {es}_{\chi }(G) = 1$ does not extend to $k\ge 6$ , and we characterise graphs G with $\chi (G)=3$ for which $\mathrm { es}_{\chi }(G)+\mathrm {es}_{\chi }(\overline {G}) = 2$ . We derive necessary conditions on graphs G which attain a known upper bound on $\mathrm { es}_{\chi }(G)$ in terms of the order and the chromatic number of G and show that the conditions are sufficient when $n\equiv 2 \pmod 3$ and $\chi (G)=3$ .

A ring (R, *) with involution * is called formally complex if implies that all Ai are 0. Let (R, *) be a formally complex ring and let S be an inverse semigroup. Let (R[S], *) be the semigroup ring with involution * defined by . We show that (R[S], *) is a formally complex ring. Let (S, *) be a semigroup with proper involution *(aa* = ab* = bb* ⇒ a = b) and let (R, *′) be a formally complex ring. We give a sufficient condition for (R[S], *′) to be a formally complex ring and this condition is weaker than * being the inverse involution on S. We illustrate this by an example.

Let f(z) be a meromorphic function; we shall investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the ratio T(r, f(z + α))/T(r, f(z)) and T(r, f(αz))/T(r, f(z)), and discuss the growth of the meromorphic solutions of some functional equations.

We study Ohno–Zagier type relations for multiple t-values and multiple t-star values. We represent the generating function of sums of multiple t-(star) values with fixed weight, depth and height in terms of the generalised hypergeometric function $\,_3F_2$ . As applications, we get a formula for the generating function of sums of multiple t-(star) values of maximal height and a weighted sum formula for sums of multiple t-(star) values with fixed weight and depth.

Let $\alpha $ be a totally positive algebraic integer of degree d, with conjugates $\alpha _1=\alpha , \alpha _2, \ldots , \alpha _d$ . The absolute $S_k$ -measure of $\alpha $ is defined by $s_k(\alpha )= d^{-1} \sum _{i=1}^{d}\alpha _i^k$ . We compute the lower bounds $\upsilon _k$ of $s_k(\alpha )$ for each integer in the range $2\leq k \leq 15$ and give a conjecture on the results for integers $k>15$ . Then we derive the lower bounds of $s_k(\alpha )$ for all real numbers $k>2$ . Our computation is based on an improvement in the application of the LLL algorithm and analysis of the polynomials in the explicit auxiliary functions.

Generalising the concept of injectivity, we study the notion of $\varphi $ -injectivity for dual Banach algebras. It provides a framework for studying $\varphi $ -amenability of enveloping dual Banach algebras.

The oscillation property of the semilinear hyperbolic or ultra-hyperbolic operator L defined by

is studied. Sufficient conditions are provided for all solutions of uL[u] ≤ 0 satisfying certain boundary conditions to be oscillatory. The basis of our results is the non-existence of positive solutions of the associated differential inequalities.

Let be a Lie algebra, a complemented ideal of , and W an -module. Hochschild and Mostow have described the construction of a -module “induced” from W, which is finite-dimensional provided W is finite-dimensional and satisfies a nilpotent action condition. This note describes a modification of their construction which is functorial and a weak adjoint to the restriction functor from –modules to -modules.

A Skorokhod embedding approach is used to give the other law of the iterated logarithm for square integrable martingales.