Distributed feedback (DFB) lasers: general structure. Uniform and lambda/4-shifted gratings. Coupled-mode theory: coupling parameter; threshold conditions. DFB lasers with uniform grating; evaluation of oscillating frequencies and threshold gain. DFB laser with lambda/4-shifted grating. Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) lasers.

Relativistic collision kinematics is examined. Relativistic and non-relativistic collisional processes in plasmas are treated in detail.

The Lorentz invariance of the phase of light is discussed. The transformation between frames of electric and magnetic fields is determined. The transformation between frames of acceleration is determined. The effect on the angular range of light in a laboratory frame when emitted in a rapidly moving frame is discussed in some detail.

The chemical potential of electrons is discussed as a function of density and temperature, including effects of degeneracy and relativity.  It is shown that the chemical potential at all but the highest densities is negative.

The Lagrangian for a charge in electric and magnetic fields is presented. The acceleration of charges in particle accelerators, in laser-produced plasmas and in the production of cosmic rays is described. Emission from charges in magnetic fields is treated in some detail. Synchrotron radiation, undulators, and free electron laser radiation output is examined.

Born-von Karman boundary conditions; density of states in bulk materials, quantum wells, and quantum wires. Carrier statistics in semiconductors: Fermi-Dirac distribution function, electron and hole density in the conduction and valence bands. Nondegenerate semiconductors; effective density of states; intrinsic semiconductors. Mass-action law. Doped semiconductors: donors and acceptors; hydrogen-like model. Degenerate semiconductors. Quasi-Fermi levels in nonequilibrium systems. Charge transport in semiconductors. Diffusion current.

Expressions, plots, and asymptotic approximations for modified Bessel functions of the second kind used in the book.

Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs): general structure; threshold conditions. Distributed Bragg reflectors for VCSELs. Threshold conditions and current confinement. Applications.

Light emitting diodes (LEDs): photon flux, injection efficiency, internal quantum efficiency. Double-heterostructure LEDs. Burstein-Moss shift. Carrier overflow. Carrier leakage over the barrier. External efficiency of a LED: transmission efficiency and external quantum efficiency. Output power, responsivity, and wall-plug efficiency. Emission pattern of LEDs. Luminous efficiency. Blue LEDs.

Quantum dot lasers. Fabrication techniques of quantum dots: self-assembling formation of quantum dots (Stranski-Krastanov growth mode). General scheme of quantum dot lasers. Electronic states in quantum dots: particle in a cubic box; spherical quantum dots. Coulomb interaction. Carrier statistics in quantum dots. Optical transitions. Absorption and gain spectrum. Threshold current density and its temperature dependence. Linewidth enhancement factor.