In the absence of its founding figure Jesus Christ, Christianity developed diverse expressions of spirituality and worship. Central to this process is the embodiment of Jesus’s presence via representation and reenactment, traversing the milestones of Jesus’s life – his childhood, adult ministry, and passion. It is marked by a duality of identification with Jesus and counter-identification with others, fostering personal transformation and deeper adherence to Jesus’s example.

An atypical Parkinsonian syndrome, corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by asymmetric focal cortical atrophy in the parasagittal regions, especially in the peri-Rolandic gyri (the areas directly adjacent to the central sulcus). It more commonly affects patients in their 40s to 70s, most commonly in their 60s.

Monoecious or dioecious long-lived evergreen trees, with a conical, tapering crown when young, becoming stately with age and irregularly domed, bearing open, widely spaced irregular branch and sub-branch systems. The fresh branchlet undersurfaces are conspicuously white.

First described by Hungarian neurologist Rezso Balint in 1909 and initially called “triple-complex syndrome,” Balint syndrome (later named after him in 1954) is a triad of symptoms involving attention and coordination of voluntary eye movements in patients with bilateral parieto-occipital lobe lesions. Though published reports of Balint syndrome have almost all been in case report form, and epidemiological trends cannot be generalized, cases have been reported in many conditions including but not limited to cerebral infarction, hemorrhage, neurodegenerative disease, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, brain trauma, brain tumor, CNS infection, autoimmune encephalitis, and prion disease.

Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome is a term used to describe two clinically separate syndromes, Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome, which share the same cause and histopathology. Caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome are most commonly seen in individuals who have poor dietary intake or poor intestinal absorption or both. The most common patient population predisposed to this syndrome are alcoholics. In modern times, cancer patients and those who have undergone bariatric surgery are also susceptible.

Tall to very tall and particularly elegant and stately monoecious evergreen trees, with an rather open conical crown when young, becoming irregularly pyramidal with age. The crowns are borne typically on tall, straight trunks, with numerous approximately whorled well-spaced slender branches and large yet thinly structured scale foliage arrayed in open, flattened fern-like sprays which are glossy bright green above and conspicuously marked with repeating white undersurface patterning on especially the larger scale leaves.

Characterized by blood in the potential space between the arachnoid membrane and the dura mater, subdural hematomas are most commonly caused by the tearing of bridging veins as a result of brain movement within the skull. These veins drain from the brain surface into the dural venous sinuses. The elderly and individuals with alcoholism are most prone to developing subdural hematoma.

The notion of identity plays a central role in contemporary culture, both as the core of individualism and as the proclaimed principle of nationalist populist movements – and thus also of Brexit ideology. To have a national identity implies being different from other persons, groups, nations and, in Brexitspeak, the EU. This means that Brexitism is not just a British phenomenon, but part of the wave of national populism that has swept across Europe and the Americas. This chapter includes a survey of European identitarian movements and of the far-right writers whose ideas were in tune with them. It was immigrants that were made into a threatening ‘other’ in the pro-Brexit campaigns, and the EU was blamed for increased immigration. While other factors, such as economic deprivations, levels of immigration in particular locations are part of the story, it can be argued, as this book does, that it was demagoguery targeting immigrants – loudly amplified by the popular press – that sufficiently persuaded voters to vote Leave.

This chapter investigates the many faces of cultural production in the Merovingian kingdoms. As this is supposed to be a period of decay, it is crucial to understand the full range of evidence, including the manuscript and associated palaeographical evidence, libraries, the evidence for lay literacy and bureaucratic culture, and the visual and artistic practices that facilitated communication and display. Through these, we can determine that the Merovingian world had its vibrancy and creativity but also that changes in tastes, resources, and organisation meant that much direct evidence has been demonstrably lost.

This chapter examines the period in which the Merovingian kings were allegedly ‘do-nothing kings’. On the whole there was less internecine fighting, but the relative stability was poorly appreciated due to a lack of ‘great’ kings, underwhelming chronicles, and (with hindsight) the rise of the family that would replace the Merovingians as kings in 751. More successful reigns such as those of Dagobert I, Theuderic III, and Childebert III do show attention to law, administration, and aristocratic interests. The fall of the Merovingians may not have seemed inevitable or even desirable until late in the wars of conquest by the Austrasian mayor Charles Martel in the 730s.

This chapter offers an exposition of Collingwood’s theory of imagination as presented in the commonly overlooked Book Two of The Principles of Art. I show how the standard objections to Collingwood’s view are relatively superficial, and also how the account in Book Two should be understood in the light of Collingwood’s remarks concerning the imagination in his earlier writings (especially Speculum Mentis and Outlines of a Philosophy of Art). For Collingwood, sense perception inseparably involves the imagination of possible objects of perception in any perceptual experience. Moreover, the imagination makes the sensory object thinkable – a position that blends Kantian and Humean motifs. Additionally, the crucial mark of the imaginary object is self-containment (“monadism”), a notion serving to clarify both Collingwood’s claim that the imagination is indifferent to reality or unreality and the conceptual connection, on his view, between imagination and art.

Medium-sized evergreen, soft-leaved, monoecious rainforest trees, to 25–30+ m when mature, with approximately whorled branch systems and a slender, more or less parallel to conic crown. Their shoot and branch systems are moderately stout, mostly markedly spreading-descending. The lateral shoots with age eventually terminate in small, elongate male or orbicular female cones directly from ultimate branches.

The left hemisphere is usually considered the “dominant” hemisphere because it contains the language centers of the brain for most people. In the vast majority of people, a large left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory ischemic stroke will cause dysfunction of one or both of the language centers. This will produce either a non-fluent aphasia (injury to Broca’s area in the frontal lobe), fluent aphasia (injury to Wernicke’s area in the posterosuperior temporal lobe), or global aphasia (injury to both). Additionally, though impairment varies with infarct size, large left MCA territory ischemic infarcts also present with right arm greater than leg weakness with sensory deficits, right homonymous hemianopia, and a left gaze deviation.

Vascular dementia is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline in patients as a result of episodic and/or progressive cerebrovascular disease. These vascular insults can come in the form of a single or multiple ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes, or ischemic white matter disease, or as a result of global cerebral hypoperfusion (seen in hypotension or cardiac arrest), as well as other hemorrhagic cerebrovascular conditions such as subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The criteria for the diagnosis of vascular dementia are as follows: 1) dementia; 2) one or more cerebrovascular insults that are both clinically and radiologically evident; and 3) a temporal relationship between the cerebrovascular insults and the dementia. This typically takes place in a “step-wise” manner with a paired decline in the patient’s functional and cognitive abilities.

Educational settings are becoming increasingly diverse including culture, gender, ability and religious beliefs. Yet, a mono-cultural approach to teaching that prioritises some learners while excluding others continues to be adopted (Morrison et al., 2019). Building on past education declarations, the Alice Springs (Mparntwe) Education Declaration (Education Council, 2019) has a strong focus on equity and social justice with goal 1 calling for ‘The Australian education system [to] promote[s] excellence and equity’. Building on this, goal 2 seeks to develop ‘confident and creative individuals; successful lifelong learners; active and informed members of the community’. If we are to meet these goals, educators need to recognise and embrace the lifeworlds of all learners and use these as platforms from which new learning can build; something that is at the heart of culturally responsive pedagogies (CRP). This chapter argues that educational approaches founded on pedagogies that draw on learner’s lifeworlds, lived experiences and funds of knowledge (Zipin, 2009), foster enhanced educational engagement, achievement and wellbeing.