Since its founding in 1987, the political and ideological dimensions of the terror organization Hamas have been well discussed by scholars. In contrast, this innovative study takes a new approach by exploring the entire scope of Hamas’s intelligence activity against its state adversary, Israel. Using primary sources in Arabic, Hebrew, and English, the author analyzes the development of Hamas’s various methods for gathering information, its use of this information for operational needs and strategic analysis, and its counterintelligence activity against the Israeli intelligence apparatus. The Hamas Intelligence War against Israel explores how Hamas’s activity has gradually become more sophisticated as its institutions have become more established and the nature of the conflict has changed. As the first full-length study to analyze the intelligence efforts of a violent non-state actor, this book sheds new light on the activities and operations of Hamas, and opens new avenues for intelligence research in the wider field.

This is a translation of an anonymous report published about Einstein’s seminar in Berlin in November of 1931 dicussed in detail in Chapter 1. The report describes Einstein discussing the meaning of Heisenberg’s uncertainty relations and describing his famous photon-box thought experiment.

Econometricians develop and use methods and techniques to model economic behavior, create forecasts, to do policy evaluation, and to develop scenarios. Often, this ends up in advice. This advice can relate to a prediction for the future or for another sector or country, it can be a judgment on whether a policy measure was successful or not, or suggest a possible range of futures. Econometricians (must) make choices that can often only be understood by fellow econometricians. A key claim in this book is that it is important to be clear on those choices. This introductory chapter briefly describes the contents of all following chapters.

In Chapter 2, we perform a systematic, cross-disciplinary review of the most influential journal articles on organizational control to synthesize our definition of organizational control. We provide a comparison of how organizational control has been conceptualized across the disciplines of accounting, information systems (IS), management, marketing, and operations management, and present a citation network that illustrates the multidisciplinary intellectual underpinnings of our control definition as well as influential articles that have shaped the field’s understanding of organizational control. We conclude our conceptualization of organizational control by discussing overlap and differences with related constructs, such as power, structure, culture, and the locus of control.

This chapter presents a collection of letters between the main protagonists in the EPR debate as analysed in the present volume. Among many other letters, it includes the first ever complete English translation of the correspondence Schrödinger held concerning the EPR paper with, e.g., Einstein, Bohr, Pauli, Born and Teller. He kept these letters in a special folder labelled ‘The Einstein Paradox’, only a small portion of which has previously been discussed in the foundations literature. These historical documents, many of which are published here for the first time, form the basis of our analysis in the beginning chapters of this book.

This chapter explores the significant impact of Nigerians in participating in World War II on the intensification of nationalist efforts and the call for decolonization in Nigeria. It starts by debunking accounts that downplay the role of British colonies in the war and demonstrates that even without the participation of the United States of America, the war would have still been a global affair. It highlights how Nigerians, especially traditional rulers, helped boost the morale of Nigerians to participate in the war and even pledged economic support in terms of kernel production. This was because the British colonies created a sense of solidarity with the British Empire. The chapter is motivated by the following question: what events could have happened throughout the war to have warranted this giant shift in attitudes toward colonialism in the country? This question is answered by tracing the history of Nigeria’s participation in World War II, the effects of the outbreak of war on British colonies, and events that generated the resolve for total self-rule in the aftermath of the war. Taking advantage of the great economic losses and human lives by Britain in World War II, the British’s imperial power and control over its territories became threatened.

This chapter introduces in more comprehensive fashion than elsewhere in the literature the interesting role of Heisenberg in the EPR debate. Although we have already published an analysis of Heisenberg’s posthumously published draft response to EPR, only now are we able to situate this excellent primary source in its fullest context, by contributing a chapter describing, for example, Heisenberg’s thinking prior to EPR about interacting systems and hidden variables, the crucial role of Grete Hermann for Heisenberg’s thinking about separability, completeness and observational context, and describing the correspondence between Heisenberg and Bohr discussing Heisenberg’s manuscript.

London’s seasonal foreign trade reflected its access to northern and continental Europe and the City’s association with the East and West Indies, but coal and other coastal trades dominated daily port activity. London was a tidal river port centred below London Bridge, with waterfront industry spread more widely. Organisationally, it was complex, with many different interests. As foreign trade increased, legal restrictions on landing places for foreign produce were blamed by merchants for congestion. A campaign by mercantile interests for the introduction of docks followed. The author examines the motives here. For leading West India merchants, specialised dock facilities would enable them to control and discipline a directly employed labour force, reducing theft. The eventual outcome, the construction of docks by joint-stock companies, owed much to State support. Its involvement went beyond the introduction of docks. For the government, this was an element of a warehousing scheme designed to develop London as an entrepôt. General port efficiency would be promoted by appointing the Corporation of London as harbour authority.

This chapter explores how differing expectations and experiences manifest in diagnostic interactions in the memory clinic. We do this by microanalysing communication in dementia diagnosis feedback meetings, focusing on instances of misalignment between doctors and the person living with dementia. We examine three videos from a dataset of 101 recordings from two areas in the UK, collected as part of the ShareD study. We present different interactional contexts where the person receiving a dementia diagnosis choose to align or misalign with the doctors’ interactional projects of diagnosis delivery, prescribing medication and recommending support. Examination of these instances suggests that misalignment between the assessment of symptoms may, at least in part, reflect interactional facework in the face of dementia as a challenge to self-identity.