The chapter begins with a review of the historical and current socio-political context for sexual minority and gender diverse (SMGD) individuals living in Portugal, followed by relevant research on the associations between minority stress and well-being. A particular focus is devoted to presenting data collected as part of the SMGD-MN study. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future psychological research with SMGD communities in Portugal.

The chapter begins with a review of the historical and current socio-political context for sexual minority and gender diverse (SMGD) individuals living in Indonesia, followed by relevant research on the associations between minority stress and well-being. A particular focus is devoted to presenting data collected as part of the SMGD-MN study. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future psychological research with SMGD communities in Indonesia.

The chapter begins with a review of the historical and current socio-political context for sexual minority and gender diverse (SMGD) individuals living in Switzerland, followed by relevant research on the associations between minority stress and well-being. A particular focus is devoted to presenting data collected as part of the SMGD-MN study. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future psychological research with SMGD communities in Switzerland.

The chapter begins with a review of the historical and current socio-political context for sexual minority and gender diverse (SMGD) individuals living in Malaysia, followed by relevant research on the associations between minority stress and well-being. A particular focus is devoted to presenting data collected as part of the SMGD-MN study. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future psychological research with SMGD communities in Malaysia.

The chapter begins with a review of the historical and current socio-political context for sexual minority and gender diverse (SMGD) individuals living in the United States, followed by relevant research on the associations between minority stress and well-being. A particular focus is devoted to presenting data collected as part of the SMGD-MN study. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future psychological research with SMGD communities living in the United States.

The chapter begins with a review of the historical and current socio-political context for sexual minority and gender diverse (SMGD) individuals living in South Africa, followed by relevant research on the associations between minority stress and well-being. Given the dearth of research on this topic, a large portion of this chapter focuses on recommendations for future research and practice for those interested in working with SMGD individuals living in South Africa.

The chapter begins with a review of the historical and current socio-political context for sexual minority and gender diverse (SMGD) individuals living in Italy, followed by relevant research on the associations between minority stress and well-being. A particular focus is devoted to presenting data collected as part of the SMGD-MN study. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future psychological research with SMGD communities in Italy.

This chapter outlines future research directions to advance understanding of sexual minority and gender diverse (SMGD) individuals and their relationships by advocating for the examination of cultural and legal contexts that shape SMGD experiences across nations. Additionally, this chapter argues that future research should address minority stress processes and resilience factors, with attention to couple-level outcomes and mechanisms connecting stigma to health and incorporate intersectionality to elucidate how multiple marginalized identities interact. Methodological considerations for future research are also presented. Lastly, this chapter discusses translational priorities including community outreach, tailored interventions and programs, legal advocacy utilizing research evidence, educational initiatives, and technology-enabled solutions tailored for SMGD individuals. This chapter concludes with an integrated perspective on open questions, methods, and real-world applications to guide the next phase of research and practice aimed at promoting justice and well-being for SMGD individuals globally.

This chapter presents considerations when conducting multi-nation research, with a particular focus on research conducted with sexual minority and gender diverse (SMGD) communities. Specifically, this chapter provide a nonexhaustive list of best practices from idea development, including forming multi-nation research teams, to practical challenges of the research process, such as questions of cross-cultural reliability and validity of chosen methods, and challenges of recruitment and data collection. Additionally, reference is made to specific methodological aspects, including missing data analysis and common analytical procedures, such as multilevel modeling. Examples and aspects of reflective practices, such as reflections on positionality, the impact of cultural and ethical aspects on the research process, and sources of bias and how research teams may make efforts to overcome them, are also presented.

The chapter begins with a review of the historical and current socio-political context for sexual minority and gender diverse (SMGD) individuals living in Brazil, followed by relevant research on the associations between minority stress and well-being. A particular focus is devoted to presenting data collected as part of the SMGD-MN study. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future psychological research with SMGD communities in Brazil.

The chapter begins with a review of the historical and current socio-political context for sexual minority and gender diverse (SMGD) individuals living in Nigeria, followed by relevant research on the associations between minority stress and well-being. Given the dearth of research on this topic, a large portion of this chapter focuses on recommendations for future research and practice for those interested in working with SMGD individuals living in Nigeria.

The chapter begins with a review of the historical and current socio-political context for sexual minority and gender diverse (SMGD) individuals living in Türkiye followed by relevant research on the associations between minority stress and well-being. A particular focus is devoted to presenting data collected as part of the SMGD-MN study. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future psychological research with SMGD communities in Türkiye.

This introduction provides an overview of the SMGD-MN study, including information on the context to which it was developed and its theoretical underpinnings. Additionally, we provide key terminology and an overview of the chapters’ content.

The chapter begins with a review of the historical and current socio-political context for sexual minority and gender diverse (SMGD) individuals living in Austria, followed by relevant research on the associations between minority stress and well-being. A particular focus is devoted to presenting data collected as part of the SMGD-MN study. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future psychological research with SMGD communities in Austria.

The chapter begins with a review of the historical and current socio-political context for sexual minority and gender diverse (SMGD) individuals living in India, followed by relevant research on the associations between minority stress and well-being. A particular focus is devoted to presenting data collected as part of the SMGD-MN study. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future psychological research with SMGD communities in India.

This chapter will discuss information pertinent to understanding gender identity. We will discuss key terms and the importance of understanding language usage as a foundation for communicating respect, knowledge, and awareness. Counselors create safe and affirming spaces for the clients we serve. As such, counselors must understand the complex past and historical discrimination clients have experienced while examining their own understanding of these communities. Counselors will also seek to understand their ethical and legal responsibilities to marginalized and minoritized communities while understanding the importance of cultural considerations. Barriers to services and our collective responsibility to address these barriers rooted in discrimination will be addressed. While counselors maintain culture humility in an attempt to avoid ethnocentrism regarding their own beliefs around gender identity development, we seek to grow in knowledge and awareness. While antitrans legislation continues to increase, counselors must remain steadfast in their approach to advocacy and to providing ethical care.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and queer (LGBQ) women and men are increasingly utilizing fertility treatment services to build their families. This chapter provides an overview of topics to consider when providing fertility counseling to this population of prospective parents. It first explores the decisions that same-sex couples need to make with regard to family building and fertility treatment, including various routes to parenthood, whose gametes to use, or who will serve as the carrier. The chapter further explores many of the challenges couples often face during fertility treatment via the sexual minority stress framework. Particular attention is given to issues of homophobic discrimination, heteronormative bias and stigma, as well as to challenges related to social support, costs and legal rights. Finally, this chapter provides guidance to fertility counselors and treatment professionals on steps to take to provide culturally competent care to LGBQ patients and their partners. Such practices are crucial for offering an inclusive treatment environment to support same-sex couples in their family-building efforts.